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Istiqomah Rahmawati
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istiqomah.rahmawati@unej.ac.id
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jobc@unej.ac.id
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Journal of Biobased Chemicals (JOBC)
Published by Universitas Jember
ISSN : 27463257     EISSN : 27462544     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19184/jobc.v2i1.116
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
The scopes of this journal include the following topics: 1. Components extract from bioresources 2. Chemical and physical processing of biomass 3. Biobased materials and composites 4. Biobased energy production 5. Catalyst technology for biomass conversion 6. Biological processing of bioresources, chemicals and waste 7. Treatment of biobased chemical waste 8. Application of the biobased chemical products to the target users 9. System analysis, management, and environmental protection of biobased chemical processing This journal does not consider the topics about organic chemicals from non-organism, crops and breeding, organism modification, metabolic engineering, bioresources and environmental management which do not relate to biobased chemical processing.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Bioengineering
Articles 92 Documents
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Natural Sources Screening for Antimicrobial Agent of Herbs, Spices, and Extracts: A Semi-Qualitative Study Felix Arie Setiawan; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati
JOBC Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Indonesia has been recognized for its rich natural ingredients such as spices,herbs, and extracts for decades. Furthermore, these components also have been used as an herbal medicine for a long time. Meanwhile, the apparent capability comparison of several components of antimicrobial activity has not been updated yet. This study was conducting the comparison of antimicrobial activity for several materials such as noni (Morinda citrifolia), garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), galangal (Alpinia galangal), ginger (Zingiber officinale), yellow turmeric (Curcuma longa), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), papaya (Carica papaya) leaf, betel (Piper betel) leaf, and cutcherry (Kaempferia galangal) using agar dilution method. Two types of bacteria are used for the test, namely gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, with a total of seven bacteria. The media used were TSA (Trypticase Soy Agar) media for gram-negative bacteria and MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) media for gram-positive bacteria. This study had been conducted by using a fast screening method, which is referred to as a semi-qualitative method. Several components, such as noni, lime, and betel leaf, showed a significant result of antimicrobial activity. Otherwise, other compounds, surprisingly, could not suppress bacterial growth.
Optimization of Subcritical Water Assisted by Nitrogen Before Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Dwina Moentamaria; Arief Widjaja
JOBC Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to optimize the three significant parameters of the subcritical water (SCW) process for sugar production from coconut husk by using response surface methodology (RSM). In this study, the effect of temperature, reaction time, and solvent-feed (S/F) ratio was evaluated and discussed comprehensively. The results showed that the S/F ratio had the most significant effect on sugar yield. The optimal sugar yield was obtained at the highest S/F ratio of 23.4, the shortest time of 4.8 min, and the highest temperature of 183.6 oC of the SCW process. The characterization results confirmed that the lignocellulose structure was changed remarkably and then contributed to the efficient processes of enzymatic hydrolysis. The parameters evaluation using RSM in this study suggests that SCW hydrolysis could be subjected to commercial purposes.  
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Ester-Based Ferulic Acid Derivatives Against Cervical Cancer Cell (HELA) Helda Wika Amini; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Boy Arief Fachri
JOBC Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) has been studied for ferulic acid derivatives to determine the QSAR model able to predict anticancers. The subject of this research was a set of experimentally calculated IC50 value data of 6 ferulic acid derivatives against cervical cancer cells (HELA). QSAR analysis was based on multilinear regression calculation on fitting subset using log (1/IC50) as the dependent variable, and dipole moment, partition coefficient in the n-octanol/water, and atomic net charges of the aromatic carbons as independent variables. The values of the descriptors were obtained from semi-empirical PM3 quantum mechanics calculation. The relationship between log (1/IC50) and the descriptors was described by the result in the QSAR model. The QSAR model for ferulic acid derivatives against HELA cell lines was developed with the statistical parameters of R=0.998; R2=0.999; SE=0.00857;  and F=394. The calculated log (1/IC50) using the QSAR Hansch Model for ferulic acid derivatives has excellent agreement with the experimental data of Log (1/IC50).
Biobutanol Production Using Fed-Batch High-Cell Density Extractive Fermentation Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Yukihiro Tashiro; Kenji Sakai; Kenji Sonomoto
JOBC Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Butanol, as a product with specific toxicity for its producer, is necessary to be maintained in low concentration duringfermentation. In-situ integrated recovery using extensive volume extraction was used in high-cell-density fermentation to prevent the lag phase in the prime condition. Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 ATCC 13564 was employed to ferment glucose in extractive fermentation with oleyl alcohol as an extractant. As the results of fed-batch cultures using high cell density with different extractant to broth volume ratios (Ve/Vb), 0.8 g/l butanol concentration in the broth was maintained with a ratio of 10, which was much lower than 4.4 g/l with the ratio of 0.5. Besides, the Ve/Vb ratio of 10 demonstrated a 2.7-fold higher total butanol concentration (28 g/l) than that of 11 g/l obtained with a Ve/Vb ratio of0.5. These results indicated that larger Ve/Vb improved total butanol concentration by reducing butanol toxicity in broth.
Microwave Assisted-Extraction of Essential Oil from Fresh Basil (Ocium basilicium L.) Leaves Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri; Atiqa Rahmawati
JOBC Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

In this research, the extraction of essential oil from fresh basil leaves using solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave hydrodistillation (MHD) methods. Several parameters influence the extraction of basil oil using the SFME method: microwave power, the ratio between the mass of raw material with a volume of distiller (F/D), material size, and length of extraction time. Besides, the components contained in basil oil and changes in oil gland conditions in basil leaves before and after being extracted were also evaluated. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: microwave power of 380 W, the ratio between the mass of raw material with a volume of distiller (F/D) of 0.1 g/mL, raw material size of intact (± 3 cm), with an extraction time of 60 min. Moreover, SFME has a shorter extraction time to produce yields than MHD methods. GC-MS analyzed the composition of basil oil, and there were 49 identified components. This study shows that the SFME method is more effective than the MHD method for the extraction of basil oil from fresh leaves based on time extraction and yield.
Hydrolysis of Mixed Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Husk Using Cellulase Enzyme for Reducing Sugar Production Melyta Rizky Pratami; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Nanda Febia Nuraini; Faizzatul Munawaroh
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Reducing sugar can be produced from lignocellulosic raw materials. The content of polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch will be broken down into simpler carbohydrates. This study used a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and rice husks as lignocellulosic raw materials. The lignin content in the raw material must be removed through delignification or pretreatment so that enzymes can access cellulose and hemicellulose. This study used a physicochemical pretreatment method, in which lignocellulosic material was soaked in 3% NaOH, then heated with microwave and boiling water. The following process is enzymatic hydrolysis with variations of cellulase enzyme activity 0.434, 0.871, 2.61, and 3.49 FPU/g mixture of bagasse and rice husks. The cellulase enzyme used in this study was also derived from the fungus Trichoderma viride. Analysis of the sugar concentration resulting from hydrolysis used the DNS method with the 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. The concentration of sugar from hydrolysis using a variety of enzymes with microwave heating pretreatment and boiling water pretreatment obtained the highest results, which were the same at the addition of enzyme activity 3.49 FPU/g substrate at 24 hours, namely 4.077 g/L and 15.18 g/L. The optimum time for enzymatic hydrolysis is 12 hours, and the optimum enzyme activity is the addition of 2.61 FPU/g. The average concentration of sugar hydrolyzed by the addition of Trichoderma viride solution in pretreatment using microwave heating was 0.7611 g/L, with a yield of 21.01 mg sugar/g substrate, and with pretreatment in boiling water, it was 0.8679 g/L, with a yield of 23.95 mg sugar/g substrate.
Comparison of Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)) Extraction with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Methods Using Response Surface Methodology Ayu Ulum Rahmawati; Atiqa Rahmawati2
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)) is an herbaceous plant that grows and flowers throughout the year. Pegagan has been used for hundreds of years, especially in the dermatology and cosmetology industries. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)) has distinctive bioactive components, namely triterpene ester glycoside compounds in the form of asiaticoside and madecoside, as well as triterpene group compounds in the form of asiatic acid and madecasic acid. There are various extraction methods to produce the following compounds, namely, conventional extraction methods and modern extraction methods. The two methods have differences in the results obtained. Therefore, the difference in the extraction method will determine the outcome of the difference in the levels of a compound. So that this research was carried out on the effect of Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)) extraction using a comparison of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) methods on the total phenol content in the Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)) extracted. The extracted bioactive content was analyzed by analyzing the total phenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent method and analyzing the data through the Analysis of Response Surface Design expert 11 to see the significance of the research variables. The results obtained from the study compare the optimal conditions for the total phenol content, namely, the comparison between the UAE and MAE methods for Centella asiatica (L.). Extracted with ethanol solvent, which is more optimal using the MAE method, because it can produce 1130,7882 mg quickly.
Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Sargassum sp. Using Water and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method as A Derivation of Green Chemistry Principles Samantha Githa Ratna Sonia; Boy Arief Fachri; Bekti Palupi
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The content of bioactive compounds in Sargassum sp. has already been used in various fields. The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and water solvent have met the principles of green chemistry, so it is used in this study to extract antioxidant compounds contained in Sargassum sp. The principle of green chemistry primarily aims to reduce or eliminate the impact of environmental damage. This research was conducted with several process variables, including the ratio of the sample mass to the volume of solvent (0.05 – 0.15 g/mL), time (30 – 40 minutes), and power (170 – 180 W) using the UAE method and water solvent (Aquadest) on the total phenol value of Sargassum sp. Analysis of variance was carried out with the help of Design Expert software, Response Surface Method - Central Composite Design, to determine the effect of the process variables carried out in the extraction process on the total phenol yield. The analysis of variance in this study shows the suitability between the research design and the study results, which is indicated by an R2 value of 0.9785. The highest results were obtained with a variable ratio of sample mass to solvent volume of 0.18 (g/mL), time of 40 minutes, and power of 180 W, with a total phenol yield of 212.8 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 12.3%.
Optimization of Extraction of Bioactive Compound from Pegagan Leaves Using Ethanol Solvent With Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method (MAE) Fira Ulvatur Romah; Atiqa Rahmawati; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Ari Susanti
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Treatment using natural ingredients in Indonesia is the leading choice, and it is growing in society. This is because treatment with natural ingredients has relatively milder side effects than synthetic treatment. Therefore, further research is needed on natural ingredients that can be used as natural medicines, including pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)). Several studies have found bioactive compounds in pegagan that can be used in various medical methods. The author wants to know the optimal conditions for extracting pegagan bioactive compounds using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. This study used the Pegagan leaf size 40 mesh that had been dried. Pegagan leaves were extracted using ethanol as a solvent with microwave power, solvent concentration, and extraction time as variables. Variable power: 150 watts, 300 watts, and 450 watts. Variable solvent concentration 25%, 50%, and 75%. Variable extraction time for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The results of the study were analyzed using total phenol analysis using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The research data obtained optimum operating conditions at 75% solvent concentration, 450-watt microwave power, and an extraction time of 10 minutes with a total phenol content of 1251.410225 mg AGE/g sample.
Essential Oil Extraction from Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Using Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction Method (SFME) Siti Fatimah; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries that produces essential oils, a commodity that can generate foreign exchange. Therefore, essential oils receive special attention from the Indonesian government. Indonesia generates 40-50 types of plants that produce essential oils and are traded worldwide. Extraction using a microwave, with the basic mechanism of microwave heating, involves stirring polar molecules or ions that oscillate due to the influence of electric and magnetic fields, called dipolar polarization. From the results of physical analysis, citronella essential oil obtained using the Solvent FreeMicrowave Extraction (SFME) method has met the standards and quality of citronella oil based on SNI 06-3953-1995, according to the parameters of color, specific gravity, and solubility in water. 80% ethanol shows citronella oil of good quality. The results of GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis on the extraction of citronella essential oil using the Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) method obtained two components, namely citronella and geraniol, with citronellal percentages of 8.64% and 7.53%. Optimal operating conditions for extracting essential oils from citronella raw materials using the Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) method.

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