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Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 547 Documents

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Genetic Parameter Evaluation on Advanced Generations of A Cross to Improve Magelang Local Black Rice Cultivars Setyorini Widyayanti; Panjisakti Basunanda; Suyadi Mitrowihardjo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Evaluating genetic selection parameters of a cross between a local blackgrained rice cultivar from Magelang and an improved rice cultivar ‘Situbagendit’ is necessary to check the efffectiveness of selection in advanced generations, i.e. F4, F5 and F6 generation. The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate changing in several genetic parameters of the generations so that we can assess the selection effectiveness. Randomly picked 48 lines of F4, F5 and F6 generation, respectively, along with their parents, were evaluated on a farmer’s field in Pakem, Yogyakarta from May until September 2016. The experiment was arranged in an incomplete randomized design with two replications. Seed of each F4, F5 and F6 lines with their parents were planted in 1 m × 2 m plot, with 20 cm × 20 cm plant spacing. For each plot 40 individuals were planted. The agronomic characters were evaluated: plant height, productive tillers, pericarp color, full grains, empty grains, weight of 1000 seeds, days to flowering and days to maturing. Genetic variances, heritability and expected genetic gain among and within family from the advanced generations were evaluated and compared. Results showed that heritability and genetic gains value whether from selected or unselected generation need more emphasis on within family selection especially in generative (full grains, empty grains and weight of 1000 seed) characters.

Telomere Length Determination Based on Different Sex and Leaf Development of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) Revealed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Rima Indhirawati; Aziz Purwantoro
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Telomere has special roles at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that consisting of repeated DNA sequences. It protects chromosomes and DNA from damage. The plant sex and the leaf development may change in telomere length. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) is dioecious plants that have female and male organs on separate plants. The aim of this research is to determine the telomere length of snake fruit from different plant sex and the leaf development. In this research, we observed telomere length in snake fruit (female and male plants) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure. The results from this study showed that telomere lengths of male and female are equal. Telomere lengths in the leaf development showed that younger leaves of both male and female leaves are longer compared to older and dried leaves.

The Effect of Rhizobium japonicum on the Growth of Soybean Cultivars in Coastal Area Okti Purwaningsih; C. Tri Kusumastuti; Y. Sulistyo Nugroho; Casper Yoda Morib
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The natural resources of the coastal area in Indonesia have the potential to be developed as an agricultural land with the support of both cultivation technology and land processing, which one of them was done by using Rhizobium japonicum bacteria to meet the need of nitrogen in the soybean plants. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of nitrogen fixation in various soybean cultivars planted in the coastal area. The research was conducted in Mancingan, Parangtritis, Kretek, Bantul, DIY. The study was designed in Completely Randomized Design which consisted of two factors and was repeated three times. Factor I was Rhizobium japonicum inoculation (with inoculation and without inoculation); factor II was 10 various cultivars of soybean (Grobogan, Burangrang, Argomulyo, Anjasmara, Dena 1, Gema, Kaba, Wilis, Sinabung, Gepak Kuning). The results showed that the inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in soybean cultivars in a coastal area could increase the number of root nodule, dry weight of root nodule, dry seed weight per plant, and harvest index. Burangrang cultivar planted in the coastal area was the most responsive to Rhizobium japonicum inoculation among other soybean cultivars tested.

Growth and Yield Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Acid Soil to Different Rates of Humic Acid and NPK Fertilizer Putri Wulandari; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Suci Handayani; Benito Heru Purwanto
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The main constraint in the extensification of maize on the dry land of acid soil is the low availability of P in soil. This study aimed to determine the effect and the optimal dose of humic acid on the growth and yield of maize on acid soil. This research was conducted from February to May 2017 at Tri Dharma Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. Acid soil with low P availability used was from sub-district Cigudeg and Jasinga, West Java. The research was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was maize cultivar, namely Bisi 2 and Pioneer 35. The second factor was the rate of humic acid and NPK fertilizer, consisting of 0 kg.ha-1 (without) NPK and 0% (without) humic acid, NPK + 0% (without) humic acid, NPK + 5% humic acid, NPK + 10% humic acid, and NPK + 15% humic acid. NPK fertilizer applied was NPK 16:16:16 at a dose of 350 kg.ha-1. The results showed that humic acid application on acid soil increased C-humic content in the soil, soil P availability, total dry weight of the plant, and kernel dry weight at harvest (15 weeks after planting). The increase in soil P availability did not improve the plant growth but increased the accumulation of plant biomass. The application of humic acid at 15% (52.5 kg.ha-1) combined with NPK fertilizer on acid soil significantly increased total dry weight of plant and kernel dry weight up to 13.14% and 21.81%, respectively, thus, it is recommended for maize cultivation on acid soil.

Effect of humic acid on the growth and yield of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars on andisol Tangguh Prakoso; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Benito Heru Purwanto
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

One way to improve maize (Zea mays L.) production is through land extension using Andisol land. However, Andisol soil has phosphate (P) fixation problem due to the high amorphous material. Hence, the use of organic material in the form of humic acid that has greater affinity to amorphous minerals is recommended to solve the problem. This research was conducted in February-May 2017 at Tri Dharma field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The Andisol land used has a low available P category from Datar, West Java and Wonosobo, Central Java. This research was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), consisting of two factors. The first factor was maize cultivar (Bisi-2 and Pioneer-35). The second factor was the doses of humic acid, consisting of control treatment (without fertilizer and humic acid), NPK without humic acid, and NPK + humic acid at 5%, 10%, and 15%. The percentage of humic acid given, based on the amount of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer, was 350 kg.ha-1. Fertilization was applied three times 100 kg.ha-1 on 1 WAP, 150 kg.ha-1 at 3 WAP and 100 kg ha-1 at 7 WAP. The results is, humic acid treatment had the same effect with NPK fertilization treatment only and control on P available Andisol soil. Humic acid, also has the same effect with NPK fertilizer treatment in increasing the yield component of 100 seeds weight, dry weight of seeds, harvest index, length of cobs and productivity.

Tolerance of T2 Generation ‘Kitaake’ Rice (Oryza sativa L.) CRISPR/Cas9-OsGA20ox-2 Mutant Strains to Drought Condition Husni Mubarok; Panjisakti Basunanda; Tri Joko Santoso
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 3 (2019): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is important staple crop in Indonesia. Food demand that continues to rise while inadequate land could be managed by assembling superior cultivar using CRISPR-Cas9 system method. Editing the genome by mutating the GA20ox-2 gene could improve both crop yield and ability to thrive in marginal land (drought). This experiment aims to obtain non-transgenic mutant plants (non Cas9 and hpt genes), gain information on GA20ox-2 gene expression levels, and study the tolerance levels of the CRISPR /Cas9-OsGA20ox-2 mutant lines 'Kitaake' T2 generation against drought conditions. Planting material using a mutant gene GA20ox 2 ‘Kitaake’ (K23.1, K15, K29.1, K19.1) and wild-type comparison. From 20 plants, respectively the K23.1, K15, K29.1, and K19.1 lines have 50%, 50%, 0%, and 45% of non-transgenic plants. DNA mutations in the form of deletion 44 bases (K23.1, K29.1, K19.1) and insertion of two bases (K15) are transcribed into RNA. The transcription results in a number of lower amino acids compare to its wild type (389 amino acids). The lines K23.1, K29.1, K19.1 have 373 amino acids and the K15 line has 300 amino acids (frameshift). Differences in the number of amino acids result in different phenotypic expressions. K15 mutant line has lower plant height and leaf length than the other mutant lines and wild type. The decrease does not decrease the potential of the crop. Mutations in the K15 line did not indicate better tolerant response to drought stress than other mutant lines and wild type in both vegetative and generative phase.

Effects of Different Types and Dosage of Green Mulch on Yield and Quality of Aloe vera L. on Coastal Sandy Soil Maria Theresia Darini
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 3 (2019): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

A complete content of chemical substance from Aloe vera leaf makes this plant has many functions such as the ingredient of functional food for health, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. This research was aimed to determine the yield and quality of Aloe vera L. on various types and rates of green mulch in coastal sandy soil. The research was conducted in coastal sandy soil of Poncosari Srandakan, Bantul, Yogyakarta and done in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of two factors with three replications. The first factor was four types of green mulch (shrimp evergreen, cashew, acasia and gliricidia). The second factor was various rate of green mulch consisted of three levels rates of leave mulch (5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 tons ha-1). Soil without mulching was used as a control treatment. The variables observed were yield at the first harvest time and leaf content quality which includes water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and mineral (Ca, Fe and Zn). The results showed that there was interaction between types and rates of leave mulch in all variables observed. Gliricidia leaf mulch gave the best effect with optimum rate about of 10 ton ha-1. The effectiveness of green mulch abilities on improving the observed variables from higher order to low was gliricidia, acasia, cashew and shrimp-type evergreen with the rate range between 10 up to 15 tons ha-1.

Effects of Urease Inhibitor and Nitrification Inhibitor on the Nitrogen Losses, Physiological Activity, and Oil Palm Yield on Red-Yellow Podzolic Melisa Melisa; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Eko Hanudin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency can increase by adding N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) as urease inhibitor in urea fertilizer and adding 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) as nitrification inhibitor in ammonium sulfate (ZA) fertilizer. The research objectives were to examine the effectiveness of urease inhibitor (NBPT and NPPT) and nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) on the physiological activity and oil palm yield on red-yellow podzolic. Field experiment was done using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of single factor and three replications as block. The single factor was nine fertilization treatments of urea with or without urease inhibitor, and ZA with or without nitrification inhibitor. The use of urease inhibitors decreases the amount of volatilization and N loss fertilizer. The higher dose of broadcasting N fertilizer (on the same type of fertilizer) resulted in the higher amount of N loss and volatilization. All fertilization treatments did not have any significant influence to the width and the length of opening stomata, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), N concentration in oil palm leaf, Oil Extraction Rate (OER), and Free Fatty Acid (FFA). Meanwhile, The oil palms at yellow red podzolic applied with urea 195 kg/ha combined with 0.12% of NBPT-NPPT resulting in higher fresh fruit bunch productivity.

Biochemical Changes of Three Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) Under Drought Stress Fakhrusy Zakariyya; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Drought stress is a serious threat for cocoa production. One of the plant mechanisms to survive from the drought stress is through producing some biochemical compounds. The objective of this research was to know biochemical changes in three cocoa clones during drought stress. The research was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute from January – December 2017. The experiment was designed by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors and with 3 replications. The first factor was clones of scion that consisting KW 641, Sulawesi 1 and ICS 60 which each of its grafted to Scavina 6 clone as rootstock. The second factor was watering intervals which consisting; every 2 days / regularly watering (adequate of water), every 5 days (moderate drought), and every 8 days (severe drought). The result of this research showed that drought stress decreased chlorophyll content, increased hydrogen peroxide content (ROS), increased the activity of superoxide dismutation (SOD), increased ascorbic acid content, increased total phenolic content, and increased proline content. Sulawesi 1 and KW 641 clones showed lower hydrogen peroxide (ROS) content, while chlorophyll content, SOD activity, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and proline content were higher compared with ICS 60 clone. It showed that Sulawesi 1 and KW 641 clones had more drought-resistance compared with ICS 60 clone.

Growth and Yield of Inpari 29 Rice Varieties on Raised-bed and Different Depths of Sunken-bed in Saline Field Nasrudin Nasrudin; Budiastuti Kurniasih
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Increased productivity of rice is required to meet the increasing food demand. Utilization of marginal lands, such as saline land is one of the solutions applicable to increase rice production. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and yield of Inpari 29 rice variety planted on raised-bed and different depths of sunken-bed in saline field. This study used the Split Plot Design with two treatments. The depth as the main plot consisted of two depth levels: a depth of 50 cm and a depth of 25; and the planting area field as the subplot that consisted of two levels: raised-bed and sunken-bed. The treatment was repeated three times. The rice planted in sunken-bed showed higher growth than in raised-bed as indicated by the high content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrate reductase activity and plant height. The rice planted in the sunken-bed yielded higher than in raised-bed as indicated by higher harvest index and the weight of grain per clump. Rice planted in 25 cm depth showed higher nitrate reductase activity and grain weight per clump than in 50 cm depth.

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