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Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 547 Documents

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The Growth and Flowering of Potted Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) on Types of Organic Media and Watering Frequent Ika Rahmawati; Endang Sulistyaningsih
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The soils in Samigaluh are mostly dominated by clay and used by farmer for crops production. The growing media for potted chrysanthemum requires additional organic media that could be mixed with the organic material to improve chemical and physical soil properties. Furthermore, the research location is a region with little water in dry season. The research aimed to determine the growth and flower yield response of Avanthe agrihorti to the different organic material mixed with clay and watering frequency. The research was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replications, conducted at an altitude of 462 m above sea level in the village of Gerbosari, Samigaluh, from March to June 2018. The main plot was watering frequency, i.e. every day, every three days and every five days. The subplot was types of media, i.e. clay + manure, clay + manure + cocopeat, clay + manure +rice husk, and clay + manure + rice husk charcoal. Data on the growth and yield of chrysanthemum plants were observed and statistically analyzed with ANOVA and continued with DMRT test at 5%. The results showed that the types of media and watering frequency did not significantly give different effect on most of the observed variables. However, Avanthe Agrihorti planted on clay + manure + cocopeat at all watering frequencies showed better growth and yield of flowers than those planted on other media. The efficient watering frequency for Avanthe Agrihorti was every three days. This study provides information for farmers on an alternative method to prepare the best media for the cultivation of potted chrysanthemum on the soil clay.

The Contribution of Calcium to Changes in Leaf Anatomical Character of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under Drought Stress Novi Yulanda Sari; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The research was purposed (1) to know the effects of drought stress on changes in leaf anatomical character of oil palm seedlings (2) to know the contribution of calcium in cell compactness and increase the structural strength of leaf tissue so that oil palm seedlings were more tolerant to drought stress. This experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three blocks as replication. Main plot consists of drought stress levels, that are field capacity (FTSW 1.00), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe drought stress (FTSW 0.15). The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is a method for evaluating gradually increasing drought stress based on the amount of water loss due to transpiration. Meanwhile, subplot consists of four doses of calcium (Ca), that are of 0.0 g/seedlings, 0.04 g/seedlings, 0.08 g/seedlings, and 0.12 g/seedlings. Calcium fertilizer used is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) pure analysis. Leaf anatomical character was observed including the epidermal length and epidermal width; hypodermal length and hypodermal width; palisade cell length and palisade cell width; sponge cell length and sponge cell width; mesophyll tissue thickness; xylem and phloem diameter. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress reduced epidermal cell length, upper hypodermal cell width, mesophyll thickness, palisade width and phloem diameter of leaf vessels. The applications of calcium to the leaf of oil palm seedlings under drought stresses were able to increased in the sponge cell length at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; increased lower hypodermal width and diameter phloem at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; and increased diameter xylem of leaves vessel at a Ca dosage of 0.12 g/seedlings.

Compatibility Between Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) and Neem Extract against Brown Plant-Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Nova Laili Wisuda; Tri Harjaka; Indah Dwi Prasetyaningrum
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Beauveria bassiana fungi and neem extract as botanical insecticide can be combined to get the synergizing effect to control brown planthopper (BPH). This study was conducted to determine the best combination between the spore density of B. bassiana and concentration of neem extract to control BPH effectively. The two factorial treatment consisted concentration of B. bassiana (106 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and 107 CFU) and concentration of neem extract (5%, 10%, 15%), and control. The treatments were assigned in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD at 5%. The test was conducted in vitro and bio assay of testing insects, BPH, was conducted using dipping method. B. bassiana was suitable with neem extract with T value ranged from 78.58- 90.38. The mortality of BPH occurred on day 5 after application. The highest mortality (91.67%) occurred on the treatment with B. bassiana 107 CFU + neem extract 10%. The shortest LT50 was found at the treatment of B. bassiana 106 CFU+ neem extract 15% (2.74 days) but not significantly different from B. bassiana 107 CFU + neem extract 15% (2.76 days). B. bassiana spores combined with neem extract are assumed to speed up the mortality of BPH by increasing the concentration.

The Effect of Furrow Containing Organic Matters to Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield in Agroforestry System with Kayu Putih Puji Lestari Tarigan; Tohari Tohari; Priyono Suryanto
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

This research was aimed to know the effects of the furrow system containing organic matter for rainfed, to growth and yield of several varieties on agroforestry system with Kayu Putih. The research was conducted in Petak 83 Resort Pengelolaan Hutan (RPH) Menggoran, Bagian Daerah Hutan (BDH) Playen, Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Yogyakarta from March to August of 2018. The experimental design applied the strip plot design. The vertical factor was the furrow system of treatment consisting of 2 levels i.e, without furrow + without organic matter and furrow + organic matters. The horizontal factors were the varieties of upland rice consisting of 3 varieties i.e. Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit, and Ciherang. Then the collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) applying a level of significance α = 5%. Whenever the significant differences among treatments were found, further analysis was carried out by applying the Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at 5% levels. The result showed that furrow containing organic matter was able to support plant growth in dry land. Situ Patenggang has highest adaptation to growth dan produce in drought stress. The combination of furrow containing organic matter with Situ Patenggang showed the best result in CGR, total root length, total chlorophyll content, number of panicle, number of spikelet per panicle, 1000 grain weight and estimated productivity.

The Effects of Silica on Growth and Yield of Chrysanthemum Plants (Dendranthema Sp.) Cultivar Sheena and Snow White Sylvatera Ayu Puspitasari; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 3 (2019): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Silica is one of beneficial nutrient in plants. Silica functions to strengthen epidermal wall and vascular tissues so that it can affect the stems that are getting bigger and stronger. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of silica fertilizers on growth and yield of chrysanthemum plants in Sheena and Snow White varieties that have different anatomies. The present study used Split Plot Design. The main plot was the concentration of silica with 4 levels, i.e. 0 mg/l/m2, 31.1 mg/l/m2, 62.2 mg/l/m2, and 93.3 mg/l/m2. The subplots were two varieties, Sheena and Snow White. The present study revealed that Si fertilizers with 62.2 mg/L concentration could accelerate harvest age and the stem hardness in Snow White aged 45 days. The Snow White which has bark stem anatomy was more responsive to silica fertilizers than the Sheena with the woody stem anatomy. This research provides benefits for researchers, farmers and policy stakeholders to increased yield and quality for local and international market competition.

Effect of salted fish waste and cow manure on NPK availability and uptake of lowland rice on peat soil in Pelalawan Riau Dian Syafitri Ompusunggu; Benito Heru Purwanto; Cahyo Wulandari; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.47281

The low yield of rice in thick peat can be overcome by provisioning complete nutrients. Various efforts have been made to increase the productivity of Indonesian peatlands, one of which is by adding salted fish waste and cow manure. This research was carried out on a plastic house scale from October 2017 to January 15, 2018, in Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of eight treatments, namely L0 = Control, L1 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L2 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L3 = 7 tons/ha of cow manure, L4 = 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L5 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L6 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L7 = 2. 25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, and L8 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure. The results showed that the application of cow manure and salted fish waste could increase soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake. The application of 2.25 tons/ha of fish waste and 15 tons/ha of cow manure resulted the best results in soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake, therefore it is recommended for the cultivation of lowland rice on peat soil.

The development of smart screening technology kit (SST-Kit) for sorting cassava cultivars based on cyanide analysis Luluil Maknun; Noerma Juli Azhari; Mike Nur Izzati; Rizal Nur Huda; Abdul Malik Bahrudin; Erliana Ginting; Hermin Sulistyarti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Cyanides are deadly toxic substances commonly found in cassava root tuber. Higher content of cyanides causes bitter taste of the root tuber. Therefore, analysis of cyanide content has been used as one of criteria for bitterness in cassava. The substitute common method used for this purpose was organoleptic test that could lead to poisoning, or argentometry, which is complicated, time-consuming, and requires lots of reagents. Therefore, a fast, easy, and safe method is strongly demanded. In this work, a smart screening technology kit (SST-Kit) was developed using ninhydrin reagent. This simple, fast, and low-cost method can be applied in the field for the analysis of cyanide levels in cassava. This method was optimized to the concentration of sodium carbonate from 0.5 to 2.0% by measuring the red color intensity produced under various times of reading from 1 to 3 minutes and three sample preparation techniques. The optimum condition for SST-Kit to read the cyanides level was achieved under the condition of 0.5% of sodium carbonate with a time readout of 2 minutes, using grinding preparation technique followed by dilution. The SST-kit had been applied on cassava samples with the accuracy of more than 90%.

The role of iron oxidizing bacteria to the quality of leachate on acid sulphate soil Khairatun Napisah; Azwar Maas; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami; Wahida Annisa Yusuf
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The problem encountered in acid sulphate soil is the presence of pyrite (FeS2) which causes soil to have highly acid reaction when the pyrite is oxidized. The decline in quality not only occurs on the soil but also on the quality of the surrounding waters. One way to improve the quality of the leachate is by draining it through biofilter plants in the form of purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) and bulu babi (Eleocharis retroflaxa) which can absorb or neutralize these elements. The purpose of this research was to know the inoculant influence of iron oxidizing bacteria to leachate quality in acid sulphate soil. The research was conducted on a pot scale in greenhouse. The research was in randomized block design (RBD) of 3-factors with 3 replications. The first factor was inoculants, the second factor was water management, and the third one was phytoremediation material (Eleocharis dulcis and Eleocharis retroflaxa). The results showed that the plant height in the inoculant treatment+wood charcoal was in the range of 89.33−95.33 cm, while that in the inoculant treatment+husk charcoal was in the range of 89.50−93.00 cm. Meanwhile, the yield of rice with bacteria oxidizing iron inoculant+wood charcoal was higher, which was at 6.77 ton.ha-1 than inoculant treatment of oxidizing iron+husk charcoal which was only 5.95 ton.ha-1.

Histochemistry of backcross 1 of oil palm seeds at different storage periods Ernayunita Ernayunita; Taryono Taryono; Prapto Yudono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Oil palm backcross 1 is the result of the crossing between Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis, followed by backcrossing to one of its parents. It has several advantages, including slow height growth and good oil quality, thereby having the potential to be developed. However, it also has a short seed shelf life, which might be inherited from E. oleifera that has relatively quick seed deterioration. This is problem to the breeding program, and there have not been many studies on the seed deterioration process. A histological examination can determine the composition of food reserves in seed endosperm tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the histochemistry of seeds concerning the process of seed deterioration. Histochemical tests with Sudan III, Milon, and IKI reagents were used as histochemical tests of fat, protein and carbohydrate seed content with different seed storage periods, i.e. 4, 3, 2, and less than 1 year. The result showed that the fat content decreased during the storage periods. Based on carbohydrates and proteins staining, there were only very few substances , which were difficult to distinguish among the storage periods, so that this analysis could not be used as the determining indicator of seed deterioration. The fat content was a determining factor of seed deterioration and quality. The oil palm seed storage up to 3-4 years led to the reduction in the fat content in significant quantities compared to the fresh seeds stored less than 1 year as they still contained a lot of fat in the cell.

The influence of urease and nitrification inhibitor on loss of N and oil palm harvest in peat Aldy Slamet Riyadi; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Eko Hanudin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2020): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Oil palm is one of intensively planted in Indonesia, large-managed for industrial oil palm. This study aimed to know the influences of urease and nitrification inhibitor on loss of N and oil palm harvest in peat. The research was conducted at Sukamandang Village Coconut Plantation, Seruyan Tengah District, Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The research used a single factor of field experimental method with Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Urea and ZA fertilizer were used in this study with the following treatment: N0= Without N, N1= Urea (195 kg.ha-1 N), N2= Urea + 0.12% NBPT-NPPT (195 kg.ha-1 N), N3= Urea (156 kg.ha-1 N), N4= Urea + 0.12% NBPT-NPPT (156 kg.ha-1 N), N5= Ammonium Sulfate (427 kg.ha-1 N), N6= Ammonium Sulfate + 0.8% DMPP (427 kg.ha-1 N), N7= Ammonium Sulfate (324 kg.ha-1 N), N8= Ammonium Sulfate + 0.8% DMPP (324 kg.ha-1 N). The research result indicated that the use of NBPT and DMPP inhibitors did not affect N levels in the leaves and the free fatty acids. Urea + NBPT treatment had no N loss for about 30%–50% which was lower than urea without N, whereas ammonium sulfate + DMPP had smaller N loss than all treatments without N fertilization. Fertilization using urea + NBPT and ammonium sulfate + DMPP increased the production of FFB and yield of oil palm.

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