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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 547 Documents

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Frost Hazard Assessment on Agricultural Land to Achieve Resilient Agriculture in Dieng Volcanic Highland, Central Java Aditya Pradana; Aida Mardiana; Fathimah Nur Lestari; Futuha Helen Sara; Sani Afifah; Emilya Nurjani
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Dieng Volcanic Highland is one of the most intensive potato agricultural land in Indonesia, as well as frost disaster prone area. Frost indicated by appearance of frozen dew on the ground or vegetation surface due to cold temperatures during dry season. Frost causes damage to leaf tissue in potato plants, resulting crop failure and losses of up to tens of millions. Disaster management needs to be assess in order to achieve Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) on agricultural land. This research aims to identify frost hazard areas based on local physical characteristics, analyze frost impacts on agricultural land, and provide preparedness recommendation to reduce the impact of frost disasters in Dieng Volcanic Highland. Research was conducted in Dieng Village, Wonosobo and Dieng Kulon Village, Banjarnegara. Method to assess hazard level was performed by spatial mapping technology using ArcGIS and comprehensive analysis using frost assessment through combinations of geomorphology, land use, proximity to water bodies and weather aspects. Dieng Volcanic Highland has a 125.59 hectare frost hazard areas, as many as 58.4 hectares of hazard areas are dominated by high level, while 24.84 hectares are moderate level and 42.95 hectares are low level. Cropland dominated by potato commodity has the highest hazard level, frost incident causing agricultural commodities to wither to death so that farmers experience losses. Frost losses in Dieng have a range from 800 thousand rupiah to over 155 million rupiah and only destructive on potato farm. In order to encourage agricultural resilience and reduce the loss of frost disasters, effort of preparedness can be done by passively and actively methods. Passive methods includes site selection, early warning system, shifting commodities, cropland modification, and appropriate calendar planting. Active methods includes frost modification using heaters, blower and sprinkle irrigation, and cropland covering using mulch, plastic or nets.

The Effect of Priming Duration with Salicylic Acid under Salinity Stress on Growth and Leaf Anatomy of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Krisnanda Surya Dharma; Maryani Maryani
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Salinity stress is known for adverse effect on plants. Priming with salicylic acid was able to improve plant performance under salinity stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of priming duration with salicylic acid on growth, leaf anatomy and the optimal priming duration for sweet corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. The experiment was based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors and five replications. The first factor was priming duration with salicylic acid (2 mM) with four different durations (0, 12, 18 and 24 h). The second factor was the level of salinity (NaCl 0% and 3%). Parameters observed were germination percentage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf proline content, leaf anatomy and stomatal density. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that 18-h priming duration observed as the highest germination percentage which was 7% higher than control. Priming for 24 h showed phytotoxic effect for sweet corn on the germination phase by reducing the percentage of germination. The application of salicylic acid mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on maize seedlings and considerably improved root and shoot growth, photosynthetic pigments, fresh weight, dry weight, proline content, and stomatal density, as well as could maintaining the leaf anatomy. The optimal priming duration with salicylic acid for sweet corn seedlings under 3 % salinity was 18 h.

The Growth, Production, and Quality of Shallot at Inland Quartz Sands (Quarzipsamments) in the off Season Anang Firmansyah; Andy Bhermana
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 3 (2019): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The development of shallot cultivation at back quartz sand during rainy or off season can be considered as new innovation. The objectives of this study is to obtain shallot varieties that are adaptive in terms of the growth, production, and quality parameters. The research was conducted during off season in Palangkaraya. The experimental design used in this research is randomized block design (RBD) 4x3 with 4 treatments of varieties (Maja Cipanas, Tajuk, Bauji and Bima Brebes), and 3 replication for each treatment. The results showed that soil bulk density increased with the deepening of the soil, however soil water content decreased. Based on growth parameter, Tajuk showed the best results and significantly different comparing to Bima Brebes, with plant height consecutively 46.88 cm and 39.52 cm, number of leaves 70.7 and 35.27 and number of shoot 13.43 and 6.60. For production parameter, the weight of varieties of Maja Cipanas, Bauji dan Bima Brebes is 10 grams more than Tajuk with weight is 6,97 grams only. The produstion of Tajuk is low and not significantly different from Bima Brebes, with production is respectively 15.28 ton/ha and 13.31 ton/ha, while the varieties of Bauji showed the highest dry production of 22.4 ton/ha although it is not significantly different with Maja Cipanas that can produce 18.49 ton/ha. For quality parameter, the varieties of Bima Brebes showed the optimum results in terms of parameter of hardness of tubers and total dissolved solids (TDS) with the value of 4.9 kg /cm2 and 16,42 % respectively.

Response of Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of 4 Flood- tolerant Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Cultivars to ZA (Zwavelzuur Ammoniac) fertilizer application in Jember and Bondowoso Sholeh Avivi; Cacuk Purnomo; Ayu Puspita Arum; Sugeng Winarso; Sri Hartatik
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The business expansion of sugarcane can be done using marginal land, such as wet land. This study attempted to get the right doses of ZA fertilizer applied to several sugarcane cultivars, which are tolerant to flooding in two different locations. The research was carried out in Jubung Agrotechnopark garden, University of Jember and seed gardens of Dewisri Bondowoso, from November 2015 to November 2016. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design. The first factor was the doses of ZA fertilizer, consisting of 3 levels of treatment, i.e. 0 kg.ha-1 (without ZA fertilizer), 500 kg.ha-1 and 1000 kg.ha-1. The second factor was 4 sugarcane cultivars, consisting of flood-tolerant sugarcane cultivars from 2014 screening result, i.e. PSJT 941, Bulu Lawang, PS 865 and Kidang Kencana. The results showed that the application of ZA fertilizer at 1000 kg.ha-1 affected the height of stems, the number of tillers, diameter of the stem and the number of segments. Meanwhile, the application of ZA fertilizer at 500 kg.ha-1 affected the number of leaves, fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, brix content, and the content of sucrose and reducing sugar. Flood-tolerant sugarcane cultivars are shown by the highest brix and sucrose fertilizer, observed in PS 865, Bulu Lawang, PSJT 941, and Kidang Kencana, sequentially. The highest content of reducing sugar was found in PSJT 941, PS 865, Kidang Kencana, and Bulu Lawang, successively.

Growth and Yield Characters of Two Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Cultivars at Different Ages in Baubau City, South-East Sulawesi Province Aliyaman Aliyaman; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Baubau City is one of the cashew (Anarcadium occidentale L.) producer area in Southeast Sulawesi with area of 820 ha. This large area of cashew cultivation was not compensated with the productivity caused of low production. An effort to overcome this problem is identifying the growth and yield characters of cashew to apply the good agricultural practices for cashew plantation. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and yield of two cashew varieties at different tree ages; and to identify the relationship between the characters and the productivity of cashew trees in Baubau City. This research was arranged by oversite design with 2 varieties (the cashew with red pseudo-fruit and the cashew with yellow pseudo-fruit), 4 ages of cashew plant (5 years old, 17 years old, 26 years old, 37 years old) and 5 replications. The results showed that both varieties had no significantly different on growth and yield characters. At 37 years old, cashew trees still demonstrated the increasing of the productivity due to the increasing of growth and yield component i.e. plant biomass, the number of flower, the number of cashew nut per plant and cashew nut weight per kernel.

CIE L*a*b* Color Space Based Vegetation Indices Derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Captured Images for Chlorophyll and Nitrogen Content Estimation of Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Leaves Wahono Wahono; Didik Indradewa; Bambang Hendro Sunarminto; Eko Haryono; Djoko Prajitno
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

A lot of digital image techniques to assess crop agronomic character have been developed. Most of those techniques are based on non-visible light equiped cameras, such as infared wavelengths. This research was aimed to examine the use of commercial digital camera with sensor range in visible light spectrum using CIE L*a*b* color space to estimate chlorophyll and nitrogen content of tea leaf. Data was collected from an experiment of nitrogen dossage levels on 3 years after prunning tea crops. The result shows that Lb* Difference Simple Index (LI), a*b* Difference Simple Index (AI), and a* Vegetation Index (VIA) can be used to estimate tea leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content. The relationship between VIA and tea leaf nitrogen content was defined on linear equation y = 1.8382x2 - 0.3099x + 3.0658 with determinant coefficient R² = 0.71.

Genetic Diversity of Croton (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph.ex A. Juss) and Its Offspring Based on RAPD Markers Mufit Daryatun Asniawati; Aziz Purwantoro
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Croton (Puring) is a native plant of Indonesia which has varied leaf shapes and colors. The diversity of croton increase through hybridization. The information on genetic diversity and relationship between parent and its offspring of crotons is very limited. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of cultivar Mawar (MW) and Walet (W) as parent compare to their offspring i.e, Black Marlet (BM), Kingkit 1 (KA), Kingkit 2 (KB), and Kamaratih (KM) using RAPD markers. This study used DNA extraction from the fresh leaf of six cultivars. The next steps were DNA quantification, primary optimization, DNA amplification with PCR, and electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was carried out using Genalex software. A total of 40 primers were screened, out of which 10 were selected for the analysis of genetic diversity. A total of 106 polymorphic bands were generated, ranging from 130 to 1850 bp. The results of RAPD analysis showed that Mawar as female parent had the highest polymorphic bands percentage of 69.01%, while Walet as male parent and its offspring ranged from 31.15 % to 43.94%. The genetic distance of the offspring with Walet ranged from 0.176 to 0.234 and genetic distance of the offspring with Mawar ranged from 0.314 to 0.372. It was indicated that all of offspring were closer to the male parent.

Review: Challenges and opportunities of implementing mass productivity scale (MPS) at date farms in Malaysia Asmaddy Haris; Aimi Fadzirul Kamarubahrin; Siti Nurazira Mohd Daud; Zurina Kefeli @ Zulkefli; Nursilah Ahmad; Nurul Aini Muhamed; Syadiyah Abdul Shukor
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.40982

The study aimed to review the challenges and opportunities of mass productivity scale (MPS) for the dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) farm in Malaysia. The review on site and document was done to drill the issues faced by dates palm farmers. The common issues affecting dates farm in Malaysia were pest attack, import permit, lack of expertise, and climate and soil requirements. In a united response, the government should form the National Dates Palm Centre (NDPC) which will explore opportunities to address issues faced by the dates palm sector in Malaysia.

Pedogenesis of Mt. Sumbing Volcanic Ash above The Alteration Clay Layer in The Formation of Landslide Susceptible Soils in Bompon Sub-Watershed Waode Asryanti Wida; Azwar Maas; Junun Sartohadi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Numerous researches on landslides have been carried out by many researches. However, studies on soil physical properties related to landslides potential in volcanic area are still rare. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil physical properties on landslides potential. To collect the soil sample, sampling area method was applied. The soil type used in this study was the residual soil. The values of clay liquid limit, plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index were used to measure the physical properties of the soil. Organic material was used as the supporting data. The results showed that the soil in the command area showed high value of clay which exceeded 50%. Such high level conditions in each profile affect the liquid limit; plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index and organic material. Based on the results, it can be concluded that residual soils with significantly high clay values illustrated the risk of landslide fields formation in Bompon sub-watershed. The clay soil layer was the controlled factor of soil movement.

Correlation Between Secondary Metabolites of Leaf and the Resistance to Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) on Several Arabica Coffee Clones Gatot Subroto; Dwi Erwin Kusbianto; Sholeh Avivi; Slameto Slameto; Setiyono Setiyono
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Indicator of coffee resistance to leaf rust attack (Hemileia vastatrix) is needed to select superior coffee plants resistant to biotic stress. This study aims to find the relationship between the content of secondary metabolites and the intensity of leaf rust attack, so that it becomes a reference in the selection of future coffee plants. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with several coffee clones as a treatment. This test tested 5 Arabica coffee clones consisting of Komasti, Maragogik, Usda, Andong sari, and HDT clones. Each consists of 3 replications, and each replication consists of 2 sample plants. Observations were made by observing the intensity of the attack, and plant metabolites such as phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed when the leaves had been attacked by Hemileia vastatrix. Correlation of leaf rust attack levels with phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity showed a relationship between each observation variable. Flavonoid content in certain conditions can be used as an indicator to get Arabica coffee plants that are resistant to the attack of leaf rust.

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