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Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 547 Documents

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Characteristics of Soils Developing from Gabbro, Phyllite and Chert Parent Rock in Karangsambung District Ratna Taher; Makruf Nurudin; Eko Hanudin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 3 (2019): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Understanding the nature of the soil is very important to know the potential and the proper management of the soil. This study aimed to determine the differences in morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the soils developing from gabbro, phylitte and chert parent materials. The soil profile was made to represent each parent rock of gabbro, phyllite and chert located on the upper and middle slopes with pine-dominated vegetation and mixed gardens. Observation in the field is a professional description to observe soil morphology. Soil samples were taken at each horizon to analyze soil physical properties (bulk density, particle density, and texture), soil chemical properties (pH, exchanged cations, cation exchange capacity, available P, organic C, and total N). Texture analysis results showed that clay content of the soil developing from parent rock of Gabro 1 is the highest, followed by the soil clay content from Chert 1, Phyllite 1, Chert 2, Phyllite 2, and Gabbro 2, respectively. The order of soil acidity level (pH) is Gabbro 2 > Gabbro 1> Chert 1 ~ Chert 2 > Phyllite 1 ~ Phyllite 2. Meanwhile, the order of the cation exchange capacity is Gabbro 1> Gabbro 2> Phyllite 1> Chert 1> Phyllite 2> Chert 2, and the order of the base saturation is Chert 2> Gabbro 2> Chert 1> Phyllite 2 > Phyllite1> Gabbro 1.

Genetic Variation in Selected Individuals Based on Number of Capsule in M5 Sesame Mutan Lines Detected by RAPD Masruru Kholida; Taryono Taryono; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is major oilseed crops with advantages in health and food industry. Due to self pollinated crop, breeding program in sesame utilized gamma rays irradiation to increase genetic variation. The research material consisted of 164 genotypes from 22 selected individual mutant line based on the number of capsules in M5 generation. This study is to detect genetic variation in selected individuals based on number of capsules in M5 generation of sesame mutant line using RAPD markers. The analysis consists of percentage of polymorphic loci, analysis of molecular variance and visualized in cluster and co-ordinate analysis. Fifteen primers RAPD were able to amplified 237 loci. Each genotype in populations had the similarity coefficient of 0.29 – 0.85. Variance within selected individual line (66%) was higher than variance among selected mutant lines (34%). Variance in each selected individual line contributed to its high value. Line 34 showed the lowest polymorphism (23.21%) and line 19 depicted the highest polymorphism (61.60%).

Genetic Diversity of Local Maize Germplasm of Tana Toraja South Sulawesi Using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) Markers Ramlah Ramlah; Isna Rasdianah Aziz; Cut Muthiadin; Mashuri Masri; Muhammad Khalifah Mustami; Marcia Bunga Pabendon
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 2, No 3 (2017): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Plant genetic diversity is an emerging variation in a crop group caused by its genetic factors. Local corn germplasm as a source of plant genes that are able to adapt to the local environment. The purpose of this research is to obtain information on genetic variation of Tana Toraja local maize germ plasm using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker. This research was conducted at Balitsereal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Agency in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. A total of 4 local maize populations were analyzed by laboratory experimental method with observation with NTSYS pc 2.1 program. The results showed that the average number of alleles was 3.72 alleles per locus and the polymorphism rate of 0.53 with the genetic similarity coefficient was in the range of 0.47 to 0.85. 2 main clusters formed in the genetic similarity coefficient 0.47. Klaster I is Local DallePondan and Local Purple. Klaster II is Local Bebo and Kandora. The genetic distance is in the range of 0.15 to 0.74 with an average genetic distance of 0.46. From the data obtained shows that the 4th germplasm of the population of Tana Toraja Local maize diteleti has a very informative level of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity of local maize germplasm of Tana Toraja, can be used as a source of genes in the assembly of improved varieties in the future.

Various Soil Types, Organic Fertilizers and Doses with Growth and Yields of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M Dian Pratama Putra Saragih; Azwar Ma'as; Soepriyanto Notohadisuwarno
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Stevia has several advantages including the level of sweetness that reaches 100-200 the sweetness of sugar cane and low calorie so that it is safe to be consumed by diabetics and obesity. The possibilities of plants to grow on soil properties and fertility become an important issue in agricultural cultivation systems and with the treatment of organic fertilizers will produce significant results in agricultural research. The experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 various soil types of treatment factors: Alfisol (Al), Andisol (An) and Vertisol (Ve) soil with 2 types of organic fertilizer ie Compost (K) and Manure (SK) and 3 kinds of doses 20 ton/ha (12 g/pot), 40 ton/ha (24 g/pot) and 60 ton/ha (36 g/pot). Observational data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), if there was a real significant difference, the Duncan 5% real level to know the comparison between treatments. The results showed that the soil type of Vertisol given by compost fertilizer at 40 ton/ha (24 g/pot) gave the highest yield on all agronomic parameters, i.e. number of leaves, number of clumps, plant length, dry weight and wet weight. The result of production analysis shows that stevia at lowland can yield higher, on vertisol 2,7 ton/ha, alfisol 1 ton/ha and andisol 0,4 ton/ha whereas in highland that yield only 0,3 ton / ha (standard fertilizers) but with increasing amounts of biomass of stevia leaves can increase stevioside levels significantly.

Diversity Analysis of 15 Hibiscus Accession Based on RAPD Marker Miranda Ferwita Sari; Aziz Purwantoro
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Genus Hibiscus consist of 300 species in tropical and subtropical regions. Indonesia has many species of Hibiscus genus such as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, kenaf, rosella, waru, sharon, and others. These species have similar flower morphology despite their different benefits. Flower morphology can be use as morphological marker characters to identify the genetic relationship in one genus of Hibiscus. However, morphological markers are less accurate because they are strongly influenced by the environment, requiring quite amount of time, and showing limited and inconsistent diversity. These limitations make researcher chooses molecular markers that are considered more accurate because the material used is plant DNA. One of the most used molecular marker is Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study used DNA extraction from the leaf of 15 Hibiscus genus. The next steps were DNA quantification, temperature and primer optimization, DNA amplification with PCR, electrophoresis with agarose gel, and data analysis. The result showed 10 primers operon used for Hibiscus to produce many polymorphic bands. Analysis result showed a high diversity in control population (Hibiscus cannabinus (K1), Hibiscus sabdariffa (K2) Hibiscus mutabilis (K3), Hibiscus syriacus (K4), Hibiscus schizopetalus (K5)) while in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the diversity was low especially on the genotypes of flowers with the same color. Molecular marker is a right way to identify the diversity in a population. Control group which consist of Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hibiscus mutabilis, Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus schizopetalus has high heterozygosity means control group has high diversity. From the PCA result, grouping in control plants is based on their age (perennial and annual), while in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis the grouping is based on the flowers color. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is cross pollinated plants caused the position stigma higher than anthers, its prooved by this experiment that varians within population Hibiscus rosa-sinensis higher than among population.

GGE Biplot Analysis of Multi-Environment Yield Trials in Soybean Promising Lines Ayda Krisnawati; M. Muchlish Adie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Soybean in Indonesia is grown in diverse agro-ecological environments. The performance of soybean yield often varies due to significant genotype × environment interaction (GEI), therefore the yield stability of performance is an important consideration in the breeding program. The aim of the research was to exploring the GEI pattern and yield stability of soybean promising lines in the tropics using GGE (Genotype and Genotype by Environment Interaction) biplot method. A total of 16 soybean promising lines were evaluated in ten environments during 2016 growing season. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with four replicates. The analysis of variance revealed that environments (E) explained the highest percentage of variation (51.45%), meanwhile the genotypes (G) and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) contributed for 3.24%, and 14.59% of the total variation, respectively. Seed yield of 16 soybean promising lines ranged from 2.41 to 2.83 t.ha-1 with an average of 2.74 t.ha-1. Joint effects of genotype and interaction (G+GE) which was partitioned using GGE biplot analysis showed that the first two components were significant, explaining 60.88% (37.89% PC1 and 22.98% PC2) of the GGE sum of squares. Indonesia can be divided into at least four putative mega environments for soybean production. The GGE biplot identified G10 as high yielding and stable promising line, thus recommended to be developed in multi-environment in tropical regions of Indonesia.

The Effect of Drying and Storage on the Quality of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) Bulbs Rohimah Handayani Sri Lestari; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Aziz Purwantoro
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Post-harvest handling in shallot such as drying of bulbs can influence its quality during and after storage. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of drying and storage treatment on the quality of shallot bulbs during 12 weeks of storage . The study was carried out in Samiran hamlet, Parangtritis village, Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta and Crop Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, from June until November 2016. It was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) and consisted of two factors. The first was the drying treatments: drying the bulbs on the field and on woven bamboo nets both plastic covered and uncovered. The second was the storage treatments: storing the bulbs in the farmer’s warehouse (31,030C±0,04 and RH of 60,50%±0,28), in air-conditioned room (22,40oC± 0,02 and RH of 61,60%±0,09), and at room temperature (30,47oC±0,03 and RH of 60,50%±0,12). Each treatment combination was replicated three times as blocks. The results showed that water content of all treatments were changing followed by fluctuating of the total soluble solid throughout the storage period while bulb firmness tended to decrease. Bulbs which were stored in air-conditioned rooms showed the highest percentage of sprouted bulbs, vigor index and germination rate than other treatments. Meanwhile, drying treatment did not give significant influence.

Water Use Efficiency in Vertical Cropping System with Volcanic Ash Media by Using Biochar and Urban Waste Compost Fertilizer as Soil Amendement Mulyono Nitisapto; Azwar Maas; Benito Heru Purwanto; Putu Sudira
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Applying volcanic ash as planting media has to cope with several constrains: it quickly became sediment and hardened when exposed to water. One of the efforts to improve its physical condition is by utilizing biochar, which is one of amendment materials that can improve the soil quality. This study used vertical column container made from PVC to enable vertical plant arrangement. Volcanic ash requires additional nutrient intake from organic fertilizer such as urban waste compost. The objective of this study was to identify the proper dose combination of volcanic ash, biochar, urban waste compost fertilizer and column population per m2 to sustain the growth of curly lettuce in vertical cropping system, as well as the water use efficiency. This study was designed by using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial with three factors. The first, second and third factors consisted of Biochar M1, M2 and M3 (25; 33; and 50 %), compost fertilizer doses of K1, K2, and K3 (25; 33; and 50 %), and column density of P1, P2 and P3 (4 columns/m2, 3 columns/m2 and 2 columns/m2), respectively. The total combination was 3 x 3 x 3 and each was repeated 3 times. Resulted data of this study consisted of growth and crops and analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance and continued with the HSD Tukey 5% Test (Honest significant deference). The water use efficiency (g/kg) can be formulated as the production of dry material per total water during the cultivation season (g/kg). Results of this study showed the highest fresh consumption result was obtained from treatment M3K3 in 556 g/column (comparison of volcanic ash, charcoal husk and compost = 25 : 25 : 50 %) and the best water-use efficiency was 2.30 g/kg.

Dynamics of Storage Materials in Cotyledon During Cocoa Seed Germination Sakiroh Sakiroh; Taryono Taryono; Setyastuti Purwanti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.34594

Degradation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid food reserves occurs in the seed germination process to produce energy for germination and further growing. This study aimed to determine dynamics the content of protein, carbohydrates, and lipid in cotyledon of seed clon i.e. Sca 6, RCC 70, RCC 71 and KKM 22 during germination. The experiment used completely randomized design consisted of four replications with 4 treatments. In each cocoa germination phases i.e. before germination, phase II (bend/curved phase), cotyledon emergence, leaves emergence and fall of cotyledon from the sprouts. This observation were water content, ash content, lipid, soluble protein, total protein and carbohydrate content. The results of the experiment showed that during germination, there was an increase of water content in cotyledon from the bend phase to the leaf emergence and decrease in the phase of fall of cotyledon The highest water content was observed in the leaf emergence phase as high as 69.42%. The content of ash content, dissolved protein, total protein and carbohydrates in cotyledon fluctuated during the bend phase until the leaf emergence and increased in the phase of fal of cotyledon. ipid content has decreased from the bend phase until the fall of cotyledons. Carbohydrate levels have increased from the bend phase to the fall of cotyledons. The speed of degradation procces of seed stored material (water, lipid, protein and carbohydrate content) during germination is affected by differences in seed clones. The Scavina 6 and KKM 22 clones entered the bend phase and the realease of cotyledon.

Microsatellite Genetic Markers of Saccharrum spp., and Erianthus sp. on Their Hybrids Mala Murianingrum; Taryono Taryono; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Progeny identification is the important step that should be done after hybridization. However, polyploidy, aneuploidy and the high chromosome segregation in sugarcane which results various phenotypic characteristics variation and environmental effects become limiting factors to identify the progenies based on morphological characteristic. Microsatellite as one of molecular marker which has codominance inheritance, multiallelic, abundant in the genome and does not influenced by environmental factor is the best tool to asses the crossing fidelity accurately. This research aimed to identify the possibility of genetic marker of Saccharum spp. and Erianthus sp. on their hybrid using microsatellite molecular marker. This study was carried out in Molecular Genetic laboratory, Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI) Malang, from August 2016 to July 2017. Eighty-six (86) F1 intraspecific and interspecific progeny, three commercial sugarcane varieties (PSJT941, PS881 and VMC7616) and two wild types (S. spontaneum dan Erianthus sp.) were assessed genetically by three microsatellite markers. Identification of microsatellite genetic markers was conducted by comparing the visualization band results from electrophoresis of each male and female parent through their progenies. All primers could identify Saccharum spp. and Erianthus sp. genetic markers. There were one to eleven Saccharum spp. and Erianthus sp. genetic markers could be identified such as 2-11 PS881-specific alleles; 2-3 VMC7616-specific alleles; 1-5 PSJT941-specific alleles; two S. spontaneum-specific alleles and 1-2 Erianthus-specific alleles. These findings could be used as the advance genetic marker of microsatellite in sugarcane breeding to asses the cross fidelity.

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