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Syamsul Alam
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Department of Public Health, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar Jl. H.M. Yasin Limpo No. 36 Samata Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia Telp. +62 411 424 835 / Fax. +62 411 424 836
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Al Gizzai: Public Health Nutrition Journal
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
ISSN : 27750426     EISSN : 27750434     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/algizzai
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Articles covering basic and applied research on all aspects of nutrition sciences are encouraged, including nutritional biochemistry and metabolism; metabolomics, nutrient gene interactions; nutrient requirements for health; nutrition and disease; digestion and absorption; nutritional anthropology; epidemiology; the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on the nutrition of the individual and the community; the impact of nutrient intake on disease response and behavior; the consequences of nutritional deficiency on growth and development, endocrine and nervous systems, and immunity; nutrition and gut microbiota; food intolerance and allergy; nutrient drug interactions; nutrition and aging; nutrition and cancer; obesity; diabetes; and intervention programs. Another focus of the Journal is to publish research that advances the understanding of nutrients and health protectants in food for improving the health condition.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 78 Documents
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Efektivitas Pijat Oksitosin oleh Suami terhadap Kecukupan ASI Berdasarkan Frekuensi Buang Air Besar dan Lama Tidur Bayi Kanang, Bau; Ibrahim, Nur Susan Iriyanti; Masse, Ade Fadly
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/algizzai.v6i1.64295

Abstract

Introduction: Perceived breast milk insufficiency during early postpartum is a major contributor to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Oxytocin massage is a non-pharmacological intervention that may enhance milk ejection reflex, particularly with spousal involvement. Objective: This study aimed to analyze changes in breast milk adequacy indicators following husband-performed oxytocin massage based on infant defecation frequency and sleep duration. Methods: A quasi-experimental one group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 29 postpartum mothers selected purposively in Bajeng and Pabbentengan Primary Health Centers, Gowa Regency. Husbands performed oxytocin massage for three consecutive postpartum days. Breast milk adequacy was assessed using infant defecation frequency and sleep duration. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Results: Infant defecation frequency increased significantly from pretest to day three posttest (p < 0.001). Infant sleep duration showed no significant difference on day one (p = 0.141), but significant increases were observed on day two (p = 0.032) and day three (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Husband-performed oxytocin massage was associated with improvements in breast milk adequacy indicators during early postpartum. However, due to the absence of a control group, causal inference should be interpreted cautiously.
Determination of Hb Levels in Adolescent Girls in Depok City: The Role of Sociodemographics, Attitudes, and Knowledge of Iron Tablets Nurmadinisia, Rahmi; Susilawati, Susilawati; Farna, Ritta
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

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Abstract

Introduction: Anemia in adolescent girls leads to decreased academic achievement, productivity, and quality of life. Low adherence to Iron Supplement Tablet (IST) consumption, low dietary iron intake, and parental sociodemographic factors are the main risk factors for anemia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parental sociodemographic factors, attitudes, and knowledge about IST and hemoglobin (Hb) levels among students at SMA IT Raflesia, Depok City. Methods: This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in September 2025 at SMAIT Raflesia, Depok City. A sample of 70 adolescent girls was selected using purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and Hb level examinations. Data analysis using SPSS included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (Pearson correlation), and multivariate analysis (multiple linear regression). Results: The mean Hb level of the respondents was 11.89 g/dL. Correlation tests showed a significant relationship between the Hb levels of adolescent girls and parental education (p=0.001), adolescent attitude (p=0.001), and knowledge about TTD (p=0.026). Conversely, there was no significant relationship between parental occupation and respondents' Hb levels. Conclusion: Parental education, adolescent attitudes, and knowledge about Iron Supplement Tablets (IST) are variables that show a significant association with hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls, while parental occupation does not show any relationship. Strengthening education about IST and increasing family support are necessary to optimize hemoglobin levels in adolescents.
Comparative Analysis of Risk Factors for Wasting among Under-Five Children in Urban and Rural Areas of East Nusa Tenggara Loa, Welstin Wemi; Trisari Anggondowati; M Irzal, Mufti As Siddiq
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

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Abstract

Introduction: Wasting, including wasted and severely wasted based on the weight-for-height index, remains a major public health concern in Indonesia. East Nusa Tenggara Province recorded the highest prevalence nationwide (15.9%) in 2024, highlighting persistent challenges in preventing child undernutrition. This study examined setting-specific factors associated with wasting among children aged 0–59 months in urban and rural areas of East Nusa Tenggara. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (INSS), including 11,372 children aged 0–59 months. Wasting was defined as a Weight-for-Height z-score (WHZ) < −2 SD based on World Health Organization standards. Independent variables included child characteristics, infant and young child feeding practices, health status and healthcare access, parental characteristics, and household factors. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Wasting prevalence was identical in urban and rural areas (15.5%). Low birth weight and short birth length were consistently associated with wasting in both settings. In urban areas, children aged 0–5 months had a lower prevalence of wasting (aPR= 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20–0.90), whereas low birth weight (aPR= 1.63; 95% CI: 1.15–2.30), short birth length (aPR= 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04–1.76), and low paternal education (aPR= 1.68; 95% CI: 1.20–2.35) increased the prevalence. In rural areas, wasting was associated with low birth weight (aPR= 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35–1.98), short birth length (aPR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11–1.57), male sex (aPR= 1.34; 95% CI: 1.18–1.53), and medium and low maternal education (aPR= 1.30 and 1.33, respectively). Conclusion: Although wasting prevalence was similar across settings, associated factors differed between urban and rural areas. Strengthening interventions to prevent adverse birth outcomes, while addressing setting-specific educational and socioeconomic determinants, may improve strategies to reduce wasting in East Nusa Tenggara.
Governance Architecture of Free Nutritious Meal Programs: A Systematic Review on Policy Design and Control Systems Octohariyanto, Ekasakti; Ayuningtyas, Dumilah; As Siddiq M Irzal, Mufti; Hardiyanti, Anggie; Nusaiba, Salma
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

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Abstract

Introduction: Free nutritious meal programs or similar school meal programs are important interventions to improve children’s nutrition, education, and social protection. However, successful implementation largely depends on governance quality. This study aimed to synthesize governance practices of school feeding programs across countries as evidence for the development of Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG). Methods: A systematic review approach following the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Literature searches were conducted on governance studies related to MBG or similar programs across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe. Quality assessment was performed using CASP and AGREE II, followed by narrative synthesis based on governance dimensions. Results: A total of 34 studies were included, comprising 12 studies from Africa, 10 from the Americas, 7 from Asia, and 5 from Europe. Of these, 21 were rated as high quality, 11 as moderate, and 2 as low quality based on CASP/AGREE II appraisal. Countries with stronger governance systems such as Brazil, Finland, Japan, Thailand, and South Africa demonstrated clearer national regulations, integrated monitoring systems, and stronger cross-sector coordination. In contrast, countries with weaker governance faced challenges related to accountability, supervision, and local implementation capacity. Hybrid governance combining strong national regulation and community ownership was identified as the most effective model for program sustainability. Conclusion: The success of MBG or similar school meal programs is strongly influenced by governance quality, accountability systems, and local institutional capacity. Strengthening regulations, digital monitoring, and cross-sector coordination are essential for improving MBG governance in Indonesia. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD420261395331
Associations of Nutritional Status and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection with Anemia Among Vegetable Farmers in Gowa District, South Sulawesi Habibi, Habibi; Fasya Faisal, Nurul; Syarfaini, Syarfaini; Mohamad Nor, Nadeeya 'Ayn Umaisara
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

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Abstract

Introduction:  Anemia is a major public health concern that may reduce health, well-being, and work productivity. Vegetable farmers are potentially vulnerable to anemia because of nutritional inadequacy and frequent occupational exposure to soil, which may increase the risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection. This study aimed to examine the associations of nutritional status and STH infection with anemia among vegetable farmers in Kanreapia Village, Gowa District, Indonesia. Methods:  This cross-sectional study involved 90 vegetable farmers selected proportionally from a population of 1,437 farmers. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), STH infection was identified through stool examination using the Kato–Katz technique, and hemoglobin concentration was measured using a portable hemoglobin meter. Anemia was classified using sex-specific hemoglobin thresholds. Associations between the study variables and anemia were assessed using appropriate exact tests, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. Results:  Among the 90 participants, 21 (23.3%) had anemia, 6 (6.7%) tested positive for STH infection, and 14 (15.6%) were underweight. No statistically significant association was observed between STH infection and anemia (p = 1.000). However, the small number of STH-positive participants limited the statistical power to detect a potentially meaningful association. Nutritional status was significantly associated with anemia (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Nutritional status was significantly associated with anemia among vegetable farmers. In contrast, the evidence regarding the association between STH infection and anemia remains inconclusive because of the small number of infected participants and limited statistical power. Nutritional assessment and anemia screening should be integrated into occupational health programs for agricultural workers, while preventive measures against STH infection should remain part of comprehensive health promotion strategies.
Rotavirus Immunization and Stunting Among Indonesian Children Under Five: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) Fitria, Fitria; Anggondowati, Trisari; Anggraini, Sely; Putri, Nadia
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/algizzai.v6i2.69124

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia. Rotavirus-related diarrhea can impair child growth through recurrent infections, nutrient malabsorption, and increased susceptibility to undernutrition, thereby increasing the risk of stunting. This study aimed to examine the association between rotavirus immunization status and stunting among children under five years of age in Indonesia in 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI), including 243,322 children aged 4–59 months. Data were analyzed using a causal model approach. Cox regression with constant time was employed to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Children who did not receive complete rotavirus immunization had a higher prevalence of stunting (aPR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99–1.20), whereas children who did not receive any rotavirus immunization had a 1.31-fold higher prevalence of stunting (95% CI: 1.23–1.40) compared with children who received complete rotavirus immunization. Conclusion: Children who did not receive rotavirus immunization had a higher prevalence of stunting than those who received complete rotavirus immunization. Expanding rotavirus immunization coverage should be considered an important component of strategies to accelerate stunting reduction in Indonesia.
Integrating Patient Perspectives and Process Observation to Evaluate Inpatient Food Service Quality: Evidence from an Indonesian Regional Hospital Nurfaidah; Nurul Chaerunnisa, Novia; Alam, Nur; Asikin, Abdul Malik
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

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Abstract

Introduction: Food service quality is an essential component of hospital nutrition services because it influences patients' food acceptance, nutritional intake, and satisfaction during hospitalization. Previous evaluations have primarily relied on patient satisfaction surveys, whereas studies integrating patient perceptions with direct observations of the food distribution process remain limited, particularly in regional public hospitals. This study aimed to describe inpatient food service quality at Syekh Yusuf Regional General Hospital, Gowa Regency, Indonesia, based on patients' perceptions and observations of the meal distribution process. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 41 inpatients receiving regular diets. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a patient satisfaction questionnaire and a structured observation checklist based on the Indonesian Hospital Nutrition Service Guidelines (PGRS). The evaluated dimensions included food taste, meal temperature, food texture, menu variety, cleanliness of eating utensils, staff attitude, timeliness of meal distribution, and overall patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Results: All observed food distribution indicators complied with the hospital's operational standards (8/8 indicators). Patients generally reported positive evaluations across the assessed food service dimensions. Food texture received the highest positive evaluation (97.6%), followed by food taste (68.3%), staff attitude (68.3%), and timeliness of meal distribution (68.3%). Meal temperature (56.1%) and menu variety (53.7%) received comparatively lower ratings. Overall, 61.0% of respondents were very satisfied and 39.0% were satisfied with the hospital food service. Conclusion: Integrating patient perceptions with direct observations provides a comprehensive description of inpatient food service quality. Meal temperature and menu variety may represent priorities for continuous quality improvement, while maintaining the favorable performance observed for utensil cleanliness, staff professionalism, and timely meal distribution.
Association Between Western-Style Dietary Exposures and Hypertension Among Adults: A Systematic Review Nurfatmi, Rezki; Sochibahariani, Putri Demylia
Al GIZZAI: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol 6 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar

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Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a major global public health issue, affecting over 1.28 billion adults worldwide, with increasing prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Western dietary patterns, characterized by high consumption of processed meats, ultra-processed foods, sugary beverages, and high-sodium items, alongside low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, have been linked to elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. This systematic review sumkimzes the evidence on the association between Western food consumption (including ultra-processed and fast foods) and hypertension in adults, and discusses its implications for public health and future research. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using keywords such as "Adult," "Western diet," and "hypertension." Inclusion criteria encompassed original quantitative studies on adults (≥18 years). Quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools for cross-sectional and cohort studies. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, exposures, outcomes, and findings, with narrative synthesis applied. Results: From 646 records, five studies (four cross-sectional, one prospective cohort) from Norway, Nigeria, the United States, Vietnam, and South Korea were included, all with low risk of bias (87.5-100% JBI scores). Western-style patterns were associated with increased hypertension risk, uncontrolled hypertension, and metabolic syndrome components. Protective factors included plant-based diets and higher vegetable intake. No significant link was found in one study for hypertension specifically, but overall trends showed dose-response relationships. Conclusion: Western food consumption consistently elevates hypertension risk in adults across diverse populations, underscoring the need for public health interventions like sodium reduction, food reformulation, and nutrition education to mitigate this global burden.

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