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Metalurgi

metalurgi
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Published by BRIN Publishing

ISSN : 01263188 EISSN : 24433926 DOI : 10.55981/metalurgi

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

The objective of this journal is the online media for disseminating results in Research and Development and also as a media for a scientist and researcher in the field of Metallurgy and Materials. The scope if this journal related on: Advanced materials and Nanotechnology Materials and Mineral characterization and Analysis Metallurgy process: extractive Ceramic and composite Corrosion and its technological protection Mineral resources manifestation Modelling and simulation in materials and metallurgy Engineering Metallurgy instrument

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)

Articles 282 Documents

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Karakteristik Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Total Knee Joint dari Paduan Co-26Cr-6Mo-0,18N Hasil Pengerjaan Panas [The Characteristics of Mechanical Properties and Microstructures on Hot-treated Co-26Cr-6Mo-0.18N Alloys for Total Knee Joint.....] I Nyoman Gede Putrayasa Astawa; Ika Kartika; Fendy Rokhmanto; Ibrahim Purawiardi; Jessica Natalia; Ali Alhamidi
Metalurgi Vol 34, No 1 (2019): Metalurgi Vol. 34 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Replacement of implant material on knee bones requires some mechanical properties that match with human bones such as wear resistance, high strength, and toughness. The knee joint is a vital part where this part often has a dynamic load, so it needs high hardness and strength to bear the burden of the human body weight. This research aim is to investigate the characteristic of the microstructure and the hardness of Co-Cr-Mo alloy, which consist of precipitates for total knee joint application. As-cast Co-26Cr-6Mo-0.18N and Co-26Cr-6Mo were homogenized at 1200ºC for 12 hours, followed by hot rolling at 1200ºC (90 minutes) and a 50 percent reduction, and then cooling with a variety of cooling media such as ice water, water, and air. After that, several tests were performed to find out the changes in the microstructure and the resulting hardness values through hardness testing, XRD, SEM-EDS observation, and optical microscopy. The results showed that the highest hardness (51 HRC and 61.8 HRC) is obtained when cold-water quenching applied. However, the lowest hardness (42.9 HRC and 49.9 HRC) is conducted using air cooling (aging). The appearance of M23X6 precipitates increases the hardness of Co-26Cr-6Mo-0.18N alloy. Its precipitates can be decreased by adding N. AbstrakPenggantian material implan pada lutut memerlukan sifat mekanis yang penting selain sifat ketahanan aus, diperlukan juga kekuatan dan ketangguhan yang tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan lutut merupakan bagian yang vital dimana bagian ini sering mengalami beban dinamis, sehingga harus memiliki kekerasan dan kekuatan yang tinggi untuk menahan beban dari berat badan manusia tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari struktur mikro yang terbentuk dan nilai kekerasan pada paduan Co-Cr-Mo hasil hot rolling selain itu juga untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan unsur nitrogen terhadap pembentukan fasa dan presipitat pada paduan Co-Cr-Mo. As-cast Co-26Cr-6Mo-0,18N dan Co-26Cr-6Mo dihomogenisasi pada temperatur 1200°C selama 12 jam, setelah itu dilakukan hot rolling pada temperatur 1200°C dengan waktu tahan 90 menit dan persen reduksi sebesar 50, diakhiri pendinginan dengan variasi media pendingin seperti air es, air dan udara. Setelah itu beberapa pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan struktur mikro dan nilai kekerasan yang dihasilkan melalui pengujian kekerasan, XRD, pengamatan SEM-EDS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa butiran pada sampel yang mengalami rapid cooling dengan menggunakan air es (3°C) menghasilkan ukuran butiran yang lebih halus dibandingkan dengan sampel dengan media pendingin air dan udara. Media pendingin air es memiliki nilai kekerasan paling tinggi dan udara paling rendah hal ini dikarenakan presipitat M23X6 yang terbentuk dapat menghambat pergerakan dislokasi sehingga memperkuat matriks dan dengan demikian dapat meningkatkan kekerasan paduan. Sedangkan paduan Co-Cr-Mo yang mengandung unsur nitrogen didalamnya memiliki ukuran butiran yang lebih kecil dibanding unsur tanpa nitrogen, hal ini dikarenakan atom N yang bertindak sebagai atom interstisi mengisi kekosongan jarak antar atom. Fasa σ yang muncul pada paduan kobalt Co-26Cr-6Mo memiliki intensitas peak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kobalt Co-26Cr-6Mo-0,18N karena usur nitrogen menekan pembentukan fasa σ.

SIFAT MEKANIS DAN PENGERASAN PRESIPITASI PADUAN Al-Zn-Mg DENGAN VARIASI KANDUNGAN Cu SELAMA AGEING PADA TEMPERATUR 120 °C [Mechanical Properties and Precipitation Hardening of Al-Zn-Mg Alloys With Variation in Cu Content] Abdan Syakuura; Bondan T Sofyan; Simon P Ringer
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 2 (2012): Metalurgi Vol. 27 No. 2 Agustus 2012
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

PROSES PENGAMBILAN UNSUR MANGAN DAN BESI DARI HASIL SAMPING PENGOLAHAN BIJIH MANGAN TASIKMALAYA[Extraction of Manganese and Iron From Waste Treatment of Tasikmalaya Manganese Ore] Ariyo Suharyanto; Eko Sulistiyono
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 3 (2015): Metalurgi Vol. 30 No. 3 Desember 2015
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Perkembangan teknologi dan isu lingkungan, serta semakin menipisnya cadangan sumberdaya mineral yangada dan mengingat masih tingginya kandungan unsur-unsur yang tertinggal dalam limbah sisa pengolahanmangan, serta pentingnya pemanfaatan mineral sekunder (daur ulang) untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahanbaku, maka dilakukan percobaan penelitian terkait hal ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memanfaatkanlimbah hasil pengolahan bijih mangan Tasikmalaya. Proses recovery untuk memperoleh unsur berhargaseperti Mn dan Fe dari limbah hasil pengolahan bijih mangan dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapdiantaranya pelarutan dengan menggunakan HCl, penentuan variasi rasio penambahan massa padatan,optimasi pelarutan, serta hidrolisis menggunakan amonia. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya tingkatkelarutan yang berbeda-beda dimana pelarutan yang paling efektif diberikan pada konsentrasi atau normalitasdari HCl 6 N. Pengaruh dari massa padatan yang digunakan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak massapadatan yang digunakan untuk dilarutkan, maka secara keseluruhan rasionya menurun. Kondisi optimumpada tahap variasi rasio penambahan padatan ini adalah pada proses ke 5. Pada proses ini menunjukkanperbandingan komposisi asam dan aquades 2 : 3. Kandungan unsur berharga Mn dan Fe yang terambil darilimbah pengolahan bijih mangan Tasikmalaya dengan recovery sebesar 92,83% untuk Mn, sedangkan untukFe belum dapat terambil dengan sempurna dikarenakan kandungannya relatif sangat kecil. AbstractIt was important to do this research due to development of technology and enviromental issue, reducing ofthe mineral resource with high excess of elements content in manganese waste treatment, and the beneficialof secondary mineral used for raw materials. This research concern to utilize the waste treatment ofTasikmalaya ore manganese. Recovery process to gain valuable elements such as Mn and Fe from wastetreatment of ore manganese can be done in several stages, such as dissolving into chloride acid (HCl),determination of various ratio of solid mass addition, optimation of dissolving process, and hydrolysisprocess by using ammonia.The results show different level of solubility, where the most effective dissolvingobtained in 6 N of HCl concentration. The influence of used solid mass shows that with increasing thedissolving solid mass, the ratio will decrease. The optimum condition in the various ratio of solid additionsshow in process to 5. In the 5 process reached a comparison of acid and aquades approximately around 2:3.Mn as a valuable element has revealed around 92.83%, whereas Fe has not been drawn yet during wastetreatment process due to very low content in the Tasikmalaya ore manganese.

Peningkatan Ketahanan Aus pada Baja Tahan Karat Martensitik 13Cr AISI 410 setelah Proses Austenisasi dan Tempering [Improvement of Wear Resistance of 13Cr AISI 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel after Austenitizing and Tempering Process] Annisa Siti Apriani; Moch. Syaiful Anwar; Rusnaldy Rusnaldy; Efendi Mabruri
Metalurgi Vol 32, No 3 (2017): Metalurgi Vol. 32 No. 3 Desember 2017
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

The turbine blades that were developed from martensitic stainless steel 13Cr are usually operate on high rotation speed in steam power plants and often found to be failures in the material. One of the failure causes is the presence of foreign material that gives the abrasion impact on the surface of the turbine blade. The aim of this study is observed the effect of austenitization and tempering temperatures on the hardness and abrasion resistance of 13Cr martensitic stainless steel. The examinations were carried out i.e. hardness Rockwell C and abrasion resistance. The optimum hardness values obtained on 13Cr martensitic stainless steel which austenitizing at 1050 °C and tempering of 600 °C. The increasing of tempering temperature in the 13Cr stainless steel does not give a linear negative effect on the abrasion resistance of the steel.AbstrakSudu (blade) turbin yang terbuat dari baja tahan karat martensitik 13Cr yang selalu beroperasi pada kecepatan putaran yang tinggi di pembangkit listrik tenaga uap sering ditemukan kegagalan pada material tersebut. Salah satu penyebab kegagalan ini adalah adanya benda asing yang memberikan dampak abrasi pada permukaan sudu turbin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh perlakuan panas austenitization dan tempering terhadap kekerasan dan ketahanan abrasi baja tahan karat martensitik 13Cr. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji kekerasan Rockwell C dan uji ketahanan abrasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah nilai kekerasan optimum ditemukan pada baja tahan karat martensitik 13Cr yang mengalami austenitization pada suhu 1050°C dengan waktu tempering 600°C. Dengan semakin tinggi suhu tempering maka nilai kekerasan baja tahan karat 13Cr semakin turun. Akan tetapi, kenaikan suhu tempering pada baja tahan karat 13Cr tidak memberikan pengaruh negatif secara linier terhadap ketahanan abrasi baja tersebut.

Dynamic Plastic Deformation Induced by Repetitive Hammering on Cr-Mn Austenitic Stainless Steel Syahwira Taqwa Triadi; Cherly Selindiana; Hermawan Judawisastra; Aditianto Ramelan; Rochim Suratman
Metalurgi Vol 37, No 1 (2022): Metalurgi Vol. 37 No. 1 April 2022
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Austenitic stainless steels have advantages, such as high ductility and good corrosion resistance. The cold working process can increase the hardness and strength of the material. However, because a metastable austenite phase occurs in that material, there is a phase change of γ austenite to α’-martensite and ε-martensite, which will reduce the ductility and its corrosion resistance. The strengthening process with dynamic plastic deformation (DPD) can prevent the formation of martensitic phases through repeated impact at high strain rates. This study analyzed microstructures and hardness evaluation on Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel due to dynamic plastic deformation through the repetitive hammering method. Repetitive hammering with a strain rate of 6,2 s-1 on Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steels was carried out on five specimens with variations in the impact of 50, 100, 150, 250, and 350 times with impact energy of 486 J/cm2, 2.207 J/cm2, 2.569 J/cm2, 6.070 J/cm2, and 11.330 J/cm2 respectively. Microstructure, hardness, and XRD (X-ray diffraction) analyses were carried out on specimens before and after repetitive hammering. Metallography was carried out to observe the microstructure using an optical microscope. The hardness was tested through the Rockwell A hardness test. XRD examination was used to identify the phases formed and indications of nano-twins. The repetitive hammering process up to 350 times has succeeded in increasing hardness from 53.5 HRA to 71.6 HRA. Plastic deformation introduced by repetitive hammering produced slip bands, cross bands, wavy bands, and indication of nano-twins formation and increased the hardness.

STUDI KONDUKTIVITAS ARUS BOLAK-BALIK MATERIAL Ca3Co2O6 Sigit Dwi Yudanto
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 2 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 No.2 Agustus 2014
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

PENGGUNAAN SISTEM LAPIS LINDUNG JENIS POLYURETAN UNTUK APLIKASI DI DAERAH MARITIM[Using Polyurethane Type for Coating System at Maritim Environment] Ronald Nasoetion
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 3 (2012): Metalurgi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2012
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Recovery of Manganese from Manganese Ore Reductive Acid Leaching Process Using Reeds (Imperata Cylindrica) as Reducing Agent Suhaimi, Lalu; Bahtiar, Samsul; Sarina, Andi; Khairunnisya, Khairunnisya
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 1 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 1 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Recovery of manganese from manganese ores was investigated by reductive leaching method using reeds as a reductant in the sulfuric acid medium. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are natural reducing agents which are widely used as reducing agents to recover manganese. Effects of calcination temperature and the holding time calcination on the leaching efficiency of manganese and impurities were examined. The calcination temperature and the holding time calcination have a significant effect on the extraction of manganese. The experimental results demonstrated that the higher the calcination temperature used, the higher the percentage of manganese obtained, namely 79.58% and 87.38%, respectively. The XRD (x-ray diffraction) pattern shows that the manganese phases formed at 700 and 800 °C are Mn3O4 (hausmannite) and Mn2O3 (bixbite), respectively. The morphology in the sample with calcination temperature at 700 °C showed agglomerate- shaped particles and unevenly dispersed. Meanwhile, the sample with calcination temperature at 800 °C exhibited agglomerated particles of inhomogeneous size and were more evenly distributed. Variation of holding time in the manganese ores recovery process also affects the results of manganese recovery. The composition of the manganese recovery in the samples using holding time calcination variations of 3 and 4 hours was 83.88% and 89.24%, respectively. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the manganese phase formed using 3 hours of calcination holding time was dominated by Mn3O4 (hausmannite). Meanwhile, the manganese phase formed using 4 hours of holding time of calcination was dominated by Mn2O3 (bixbite).

SINTESIS LiBOB DAN ANALISA STRUKTUR KRISTALNYA [Synthesis and Analysis Crystalline Structure LiBOB] etty marti wigayati
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 2 (2015): Metalurgi Vol.30 No.2 Agustus 2015
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Litium Bis(Oksalato) Borat atau LiBOB merupakan garam Lithium yang saat ini mulai dikembangkan sebagai elektrolit alternatif untuk baterai Li-Ion. Elektrolit padat LiBOB dianggap lebih ramah lingkungan, LiBOB juga memiliki stabilitas panas yang cukup tinggi yakni sebesar 302 °C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis LiBOB kemudian untuk mengetahui struktur kristalnyadan untuk mengetahui durasi sintering yang optimum. Sintesis LiBOB (Lithium bis oksalat borat)dilakukan melalui metoda solid state reaction. Bahan awal dicampur hingga homogen. Kalsinasi dilakukan pada temperatur 120 °C,ditahan selama 2 jam dilanjutkan dengan sintering pada temperatur 240 °C dengan penahanan dilakukan secara bervariasi yaitu 2 jam, 3 jam, dan 4 jam. Untuk mengetahui fasa yang terbentuk dilakukan karakterisasi dengan XRD. Dari hasil analisis XRD dapat diidentifikasi fasa yang terjadi pada waktu penahanan 2 jam masih muncul fasa dari bahan awal, LiBOB hidrat dan beberapa fasa impuritas. Pada waktu penahanan 3 jam terbentuk fasa LiBOB hidrat dan H3BO3. Pada penahanan 4 jam muncul fasa LiBOB dan LiBOB hidrat serta beberapa fasa impuritas. Sampel dengan penahanan 4 jam merupakan sampel yang paling optimum mendekati karakteristik kristal LiBOB dan LiBOB Hidrat pada sampel LiBOB komersial. Struktur kristal LiBOB yang terbentuk adalah orthorombik dengan nilai a, b, dan c sebesar 5.74 Å, 6,79 Å, dan 14,45 Å dengan sudut α = β = γ = 90°, grup ruangPnma (62), serta nilai FoM 1,386. Sementara struktur kristal LiBOB Hidrat juga orthorombik namun dengan nilai a, b, dan c sebesar 16,119 Å, 15,913 Å, dan 5,6182 Å dengan sudut α = β = γ = 90°, grup ruang Pbca (61), serta nilai FoM 0,824. AbstractLithium Bis ( Oxalato ) Borate(LiBOB) as lithium salt that is currently being developed as an alternativeelectrolytes for Li - Ion battery. LiBOB electrolyte is considered more environmentally friendly, LiBOB alsohave a fairly high heat stability which is equal to 302 ºC.This research aims to synthesize LiBOB thentodetermine the crystal structure and the optimum duration of sintering.At present work, the synthesis ofLithium Bisoxalato Borate (LiBOB) was done by solid-state reaction method. The raw materials was mixedhomogeneously. These samples were calcinated at 120 ºC for about 2 hours then sintered at 240 ºC withvarious durations (2, 3, and 4 hours). XRD characterization was done for identifying phases. From XRDinterpretation, there are LiBOB Hydrate and other impurities at two-hour sintered sample. There are LiBOBHydrate and H3BO3 at three-our sintered sample. There are LiBOB, LiBOB Hydrate, and other impurities atfour-hour sintered sample. The sample with 240 ºC/4 hour parameter is the most optimum sample based onthe convergention to the LiBOB and LiBOB Hydrate phases at standard commercial LiBOB sample (SigmaAldric). The crystal system of the LiBOB phase is orthorombic with lattice parameters a = 5.74 Å, b = 6.79Å, c = 14.45 Å, α = β = γ = 90º, space groupPnma (62), and FoM 1.386. On the other hand, the crystal systemof LiBOB Hydrate phase is also orthorombic with lattice parameters a = 16.119 Å, b = 15.913 Å, c = 5.6182Å, α = β = γ = 90º, space group Pbca (61), and FoM 0.824.

ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN PEMODELAN KRISTAL CALCIUM MANGANESE OXIDE (CaMnO3) Sigit Dwi Yudanto; Yuswono Yuswono
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 No.1 April 2014
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

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