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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 210 Documents
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Determination of Waste Processing Options to Extend Landfill Service Life
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.379

Abstract

Waste reduction and handling in landfills is still a problem. Waste that accumulates in landfills can threaten the life and capacity of the landfill. Therefore, waste processing in landfills must be resolved properly to reduce the negative impacts it causes. This study aims to choose the best scenario option for processing organic waste, especially food waste, so that it can prolong the landfill's lifespan. The research location is at Galuga Landfill because it has a food waste composition of Bogor City's total garbage production weight. The method used is Material Flow Analysis (MFA). The study's results indicated that Scenario 1 resulted in 40% of organic waste being sent to landfills, which extended the landfill's lifespan by 8 years. In contrast, Scenario 2 produced 35% of organic waste destined for landfills, adding 10 years to the landfill's lifespan. The last scenario 3 was 8% with the landfill age being 16 years longer. In conclusion, this study finds that scenario 3 is the most promising option. It not only generates products with high economic value but also helps to extend the lifespan of the landfill compared to other scenarios.
Individual Characteristics and Compliance with Personal Hygiene and PPE Use among Waste Pickers at Putri Cempo Landfill, Surakarta
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.427

Abstract

Waste pickers face a high risk of disease due to continuous exposure to waste; however, adherence to personal hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) remain suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and compliance with personal hygiene and PPE use among waste pickers at the Putri Cempo Landfill, Surakarta. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 46 waste pickers, selected through purposive sampling. The dependent variables were compliance with personal hygiene and PPE use, while the independent variables included age, gender, and education level. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Most respondents demonstrated moderate compliance with personal hygiene and PPE practices. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between gender (p = 0.182), age (p = 0.564), or education level (p = 0.602) and compliance behavior. Individual characteristics such as age, gender, and education were not significantly related to compliance with personal hygiene and PPE use. Therefore, interventions to improve compliance should prioritise organisational support and behavioral approaches, including education, training, and facility improvement, rather than focusing solely on demographic factors.
The Effect of Sansevieria Extract on Indoor Carbon Monoxide from Cigarette Smoke
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.442

Abstract

Air quality degradation can occur through changes in physical or chemical properties. Biodiversity in Indonesia can be a solution to the increasingly concerning air pollution problem. There are many types of plants that have the potential to absorb cigarette smoke air pollution, including sansevieria. Sansevieria plants can reduce both indoor and outdoor air pollution, particularly CO from cigarette smoke. Furthermore, NASA research has found evidence that this plant naturally absorbs toxic materials such as carbon dioxide, benzene, and formaldehyde. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Sansevieria plant extract in absorbing cigarette smoke pollution, specifically CO gas. The study compared indoor CO levels from cigarette smoke with and without snake plant extract, using three replicates (or trials). Sensitivity tests showed that 1.5 grams of snake plant ethanol extract reduced carbon monoxide levels by 89.5 ppm within 15 minutes per cigarette. So it can be concluded that the extracts of the Sansevieria masoniana and trifasciata laurentii plants are useful as a solution to air pollution.
Determinants of Pneumonia in Toddlers: Multivariate Analysis
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.470

Abstract

Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among toddlers aged 12-59 months at Cikande Health Center Serang Regency, with 89 cases reported from January to March 2025. This unmatched case-control study included 118 toddlers (59 pneumonia cases and 59 healthy controls from nearby households, 1:1 ratio, purposive sampling). Pneumonia was defined as cough ≥2 days with rapid breathing or chest indrawing. Data on toddler gender, maternal education/knowledge, bedroom ventilation (≥10% floor area), humidity (40-60% RH), occupancy density (≤2 persons/room) and cigarette smoke exposure were analyzed via Chi-Square (bivariate) and multiple logistic regression (multivariate, stepwise elimination, interaction tests) using SPSS. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations (p < 0.05) for all factors. Multivariate modelling retained maternal education (pv=0.041, OR=2.606, 95% CI: 1.042-6.518), maternal knowledge (pv=0.003, OR=3.916, 95% CI: 1.580-9.708), bedroom ventilation (pv=0.026, OR=2.771, 95% CI: 1.126-6.818), bedroom humidity (pv=0.001, OR=5.360, 95% CI: 2.077-13.835) and occupancy density (pv=0.006, OR=3.676, 95% CI: 1.464-9.228). Bedroom humidity was the most dominant factor. No significant interactions found. Modifiable environmental factors (humidity, density) and maternal factors are key pneumonia determinants. Interventions should target home environmental improvements and maternal education.
Development and Preliminary Clinical Validation of the Vitaltrack Early Warning Score Prototype for Integrated Inpatient Monitoring Iffah Kurniyawati; Sri Endang Windiarti; Walin
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.476

Abstract

Early detection of changes in patients' clinical conditions is very important to prevent critical events. The Early Warning Score (EWS) assessment still relies on conventional tools that require multiple devices and time, which reduces efficiency and accuracy. Objective: To develop and evaluate a portable vital sign measurement tool based on EWS (Vitaltrack EWS) to improve the speed and accuracy of assessments compared to conventional methods. Methods: The study used a Research and Development (R&D) design involving 39 inpatients in the neurology and surgery wards of RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Five physiological parameters blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were measured using two methods: conventional tools and Vitaltrack EWS. A t test was used to assess the equivalence or differences in results between the two measurement methods. Results: EWS score p = 0.932, systolic blood pressure p = 0.907, body temperature p = 0.584, heart rate p = 0.487, respiratory rate p = 0.083, oxygen saturation p = 0.487, measurement time p = 0.000. Vitaltrack EWS is assessed to be accurate and efficient in monitoring patients' vital signs, comparable to the standard tools that have been used in hospitals. Conclusion: Vitaltrack EWS is capable of improving the efficiency and accuracy of vital sign measurements and supports the effective implementation of EWS in inpatient settings. Optimization of sensors and applications through further research provides a scientific basis for the feasibility of commercializing the tool. 
Association of Environmental Sanitation and Personal Hygiene with Skin Health Complaints among Residents in Ibul Besar II M.Ricko; Ema Hermawati; Yustini Ardillah; Elvi Sunarsih; Laura Dwi Pratiwi
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.493

Abstract

Skin health problems remain a common public concern, influenced by poor environmental sanitation and inadequate personal hygiene practices. Ibul Besar II Village is a suburban locale traversed by a tributary of the Ogan River. Data from the Pegayut Public Health Center in 2022 shows only 991 residents had access to proper sanitation. Moreover, of the 748 houses surveyed, only 284 were classified as healthy housing. In 2023, skin diseases ranked among the top ten most common illnesses at the Pegayut Public Health Center, with 115 cases reported. This study aimed to examine the association between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and skin complaints among residents of Ibul Besar II Village. Using a cross-sectional design with 142 respondents meeting the inclusion criteria, data were analyzed through univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) methods. The bivariate results showed significant associations between skin complaints and factors such as bathing habits (p = 0.001; OR = 3.402; 95% CI: 1.670–6.931), hand and nail hygiene (p = 0.012; OR = 2.532; 95% CI: 1.276–5.027), clothing hygiene (p = 0.021; OR = 3.000; 95% CI: 1.240–7.255), bedding and bed linen hygiene (p = 0.011; OR = 2.548; 95% CI: 1.286–5.047), faeces disposal facilities (p = 0.011; OR = 2.919; 95% CI: 1.331–6.402), and wastewater disposal systems (p = 0.001; OR = 4.067; 95% CI: 1.804–9.167). Multivariate analysis showed that inadequate wastewater disposal systems had the strongest association with skin health complaints (p = 0.003; OR = 3.959; 95% CI: 1.605–9.758). To prevent skin health issues, priorities should include improving wastewater disposal facilities and promoting better hygiene of bedding and linen. Additionally, community members are encouraged to improve personal hygiene and maintain environmental sanitation to reduce the risk of skin disorders.
Viral Load, CD4 Count, NLR, SGPT, and eGFR Levels as Factors Associated with Quality of Life in HIV Patients Ahmad Jazmi Basyiruddin; Dhani Redhono Harioputro; Ratih Tri Kusuma Dewi; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.495

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a major global health problem and may affect the quality of life of people living with HIV. Quality of life can be assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Human Immunodeficiency Virus BREF (WHOQOL-HIV BREF) questionnaire. This study aimed to analyze the association of viral load, CD4 count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with quality of life among HIV patients. This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 100 HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy were included based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables were viral load, CD4 count, NLR, SGPT, and eGFR, while the dependent variable was quality of life assessed using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, Spearman correlation test, and ordinal logistic regression with SPSS version 29.0. Higher viral load, lower CD4 count, and elevated NLR were significantly associated with poorer quality of life. In contrast, SGPT and eGFR were not significantly associated with quality of life. In the multivariate analysis, CD4 count showed the strongest association with quality-of-life category. These findings suggest that viral load, CD4 count, and NLR are associated with quality of life among HIV patients. The integration of virological, immunological, and inflammatory markers may complement clinical assessment of quality of life in people living with HIV, particularly in the Indonesian clinical setting. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify their predictive value.
Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Reduced eGFR in Farmers Hansen Hansen; Mursid Raharjo; Suhartono Suhartono; Nur Endah Wahyuningsih
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.499

Abstract

Pesticides are frequently utilized in modern farming to sustain crop productivity. However, improper use may pose occupational health risks, including chronic renal toxicity. In Indonesia, evidence regarding long-term kidney effects among farmers remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and examine its association with pesticide exposure among horticultural farmers in Wanasari District, Brebes Regency. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 367 farmers aged 18-63 years. Data on pesticide use, personal protective equipment (PPE), smoking habits, health complaints, and hypertension were collected through interviews. Serum creatinine levels were measured enzymatically and used to estimate eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with reduced renal function. Several variables showed a significant association with decreased renal function, namely smoking status (OR = 2.972; 95% CI: 1.299-6.001; p = 0.009), pesticide dosage (OR = 4.555; 95% CI: 2.415-8.291; p < 0.001), PPE use (OR = 0.383; 95% CI: 0.199-0.737; p = 0.004), health complaints (OR = 2.972; 95% CI: 1.567-5.636; p = 0.001), hypertension (OR = 2.367; 95% CI: 1.278-4.382; p = 0.006), working period (OR = 15.057; 95% CI: 3.510-64.591; p < 0.001). Working period was the dominant factor associated with decreased kidney function in farmers. This indicates the importance of chronic exposure duration in increasing the risk of pesticide-induced nephrotoxicity. Prevention efforts should focus on controlling exposure duration, improving adherence to PPE use, providing education on pesticide use, and regularly monitoring kidney function.
Hydraulic Coagulation–Ultrafiltration for Peat Water in South Kalimantan Sulaiman Hamzani; Syarifudin A; Fatmi Indah Hati; Tien Zubaidah
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.509

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water remains a critical public health challenge in South Kalimantan, where peat-influenced water sources exhibit high turbidity, elevated iron concentrations, and acidic pH. This experimental study designed, fabricated, and evaluated a Circular Pipe–Synthetic Ultrafiltration (CP-SKU) device a hydraulic coagulation reactor requiring no mechanical energy input — for treatment of peat-influenced dug well water. Five sequential treatment configurations were tested in triplicate using PAC Powder (100 mg/L) as coagulant. The CP-SKU configuration achieved the best performance: turbidity reduction from 19.8 to 0.47 NTU (97.63%), iron below detection limit (<0.1 mg/L), and pH 6.72 — all compliant with Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. Extended trials on high-turbidity raw water (83.67 NTU) confirmed 98% turbidity removal and 99.55% MPN Coliform reduction. However, effluent pH (6.39) fell marginally below the 6.5 regulatory threshold, and residual coliform indicators did not meet zero-tolerance standards, necessitating upstream pH correction and downstream disinfection prior to consumption.
The Hepatoprotective Role of Ethanolic Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) on MDA, TNF-α, E-Selectin, and SGPT Levels in Isoniazid-Induced Liver Fibrosis Wistar Rats Triyanta Yuli Pramana; Rodi Nur Fajri; Brian Wasita; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.525

Abstract

Isoniazid is a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug known to cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI) through oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms that contribute to the development of liver fibrosis. Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains xanthone compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential hepatoprotective agent. This study aimed to determine the role of ethanol extract of mangosteen peel on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, E-selectin expression, and SGPT levels in the liver of isoniazid-induced fibrosis Wistar rats. This experimental study used a post-test only control group design. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: negative control group, positive control group (isoniazid 50 mg/kgBW/day), treatment group 1 (isoniazid + mangosteen peel ethanol extract 250 mg/kgBW/day), and treatment group 2 (isoniazid + mangosteen peel ethanol extract 500 mg/kgBW/day) for 30 days. MDA and SGPT levels were measured using spectrophotometry, while TNF-α and E-selectin expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract significantly reduced MDA and SGPT levels and decreased TNF-α and E-selectin expression compared to the positive control group. The most significant reduction was observed in the group receiving the extract dose of 500 mg/kgBW. Mangosteen peel ethanol extract reduces MDA, TNF-α, E-selectin, and SGPT levels in isoniazid-induced Wistar rats. These findings demonstrate its hepatoprotective potential in a preclinical setting, further translational and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate its efficacy and safety in humans as potential hepatoprotective agent.

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