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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 172 Documents
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Antibacterial Potential of Linot Honey, Yellow Honey, and Black Honey Extracts against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Inhibition Study on Wound Infections Unni Bayani Buchari; Mirnasari Amirsyah; Mudatsir
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.140

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has drawn significant attention. There is a need to develop new treatment methods using natural products that are safer for both the environment and humans. The aim of this research is to identify the phytochemical content of linot honey (Heterotrigona itama), yellow honey, and black honey, and to evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Standard qualitative methods were used to analyze the phytochemical content of the honey. The antibacterial activity of the honey was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The ethyl acetate fraction of linot honey showed the highest inhibition zone against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with a zone of 38.67±0.30 mm. This study indicates that the ethyl acetate fraction of linot honey has high antibacterial activity against these bacteria in vitro. The study supports the use of linot honey as an alternative treatment for various bacterial skin infections.
Inhibitory Effects of Linot, Yellow, and Black Honey Extracts on Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Wound Infections Ramadhan Willy Saputra; Mirnasari Amirsyah; Mudatsir; Wilda Mahdani; Syamsul Rizal
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.141

Abstract

Honey is known to have potential as an alternative treatment for wound infections caused by bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate honey's antimicrobial activity against Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in vitro. Methodology: The antibacterial activity test of honey was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Linot honey exhibited the highest inhibition zones against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli; 25.64±0.20 mm and 25.07±0.05 mm, respectively. This study indicates that the ethyl acetate fraction of Linot honey possesses high antibacterial activity against these bacteria in vitro. Conclusion: This research supports using Linot honey as an alternative treatment for skin infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.
Innovative Eco-Enzyme from Fruit and Vegetable Waste for Pollution Control Ranno Rachman; Suci April Yanti; Nurjannah Oktorina Abdullah
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.142

Abstract

Eco-enzyme is a fermentation product that uses organic waste as a base material in addition to sugar and water. The fermentation process is carried out under anaerobic conditions with the help of microorganisms from organic materials, producing a valuable liquid as an environmentally friendly pesticide, such as a termite repellent. This study aims to determine eco-enzyme characteristics made from vegetable and fruit waste with palm sugar and sap substrates. The main parameters observed include pH, aroma, color, and acetic acid content to determine the relationship between parameters and the effectiveness of eco-enzyme as a termite repellent. This quantitative and qualitative research method has an experimental approach and theory development. The experiment was conducted by fermenting a mixture of organic waste, sugar, and water in a ratio of 1:3:10 for 90 days. The variations tested involved using two substrates: palm sugar and sap. The results showed that eco-enzyme with palm sugar substrate had a pH of 2.5–3.99, a typical sour aroma of palm sugar, a brownish color, and an acetic acid content of 4–5%. In contrast, eco-enzyme with sap substrate has a pH of 3.71–4.07, a distinctive aroma of sap, a yellowish color, and an acetic acid content of 1–2%. Based on these results, eco-enzyme made from palm sugar is more effective as a termite repellent because its acetic acid content is higher and corrosive, which can affect the development of termite organs. In addition, this eco-enzyme is easily decomposed in the environment and is safe to use because its acetic acid content is at a level that meets the SNI: 01-3711-1997 standard. Thus, eco-enzymes from palm sugar can be an environmentally friendly alternative for pest control.
Analysis of Eco-Enzyme Potential to Reduce BOD, COD, Oil and Grease Concentrations in Raw Water for Treated Water in Karawang: A Laboratory Experiment Gina Lova Sari; Wilma Nurrul Adzillah; Kania Ratnawati; Devita Fitria Alam Sari; Saidah Saidah
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.148

Abstract

Organic pollutants are produced by domestic household waste, so eco-enzymes are potentially used as bioremediation agents for community-based water quality and pollution control, as has been conducted in the Citarum Harum Program. However, scientific information regarding eco-enzymes characteristics and their ability to degrade BOD, COD, and oil and grease is limited, especially in surface water used for raw water for treated water. This research examines eco-enzymes potential as biocatalysts to reduce BOD, COD, and oil and grease in raw water for treated water in Karawang primary irrigation canals. Water samples were collected from Karawang primary irrigation canals according to the Indonesian National Standard No. 8995:2021. Meanwhile, the eco-enzyme is made from fruit peel and molasses for 624 days. The experiments were carried out with five variations of raw water and eco-enzymes mixtures (v/v) of 3,000.00:0.00 mL; 2,900.00:100.00 mL; 2,850.00:150.00 mL; 2,800.00:200.00 mL; and 2,750.00:250.00 mL with a batch flow system for ten days. The results showed that eco-enzymes contained protease, amylase, and lipase as much as 1,231.00 U/mL; 4.00 U/mL; and 9.69 U/mL, respectively, with a pH of 3.80. The concentrations of BOD, COD, and oil and grease in the current study tended to increase from 222.00 mg/L; 1,047.00 mg/L, and 2.20 mg/L to 505.00-593.00 mg/L; 1245.50-1941.50 mg/L; and 6.60-9.00 mg/L, respectively, which might be due to the addition of organic compounds through mixing eco-enzymes that makes the biodegradation process takes longer. These results indicate that eco-enzymes are less appropriate for surface water treatment with continuous flow systems and more suitable for biological treatment of communal wastewater in batch flow systems.
The Influence of Various Types of Local Microorganisms on Compost Quality Using the Berkeley Method on Kitchen Waste Zairinayati; Rio Purnama
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.160

Abstract

The problem of organic waste is a big challenge for the environment, especially in urban areas. One effective solution is composting with the Berkeley method, with a rapid decomposition process within 18–21 days. This method uses high temperatures and regular turning of the compost. Berkeley composting not only helps reduce waste but also supports sustainable agriculture by providing a natural source of nutrients for the soil. This study aims to analyze the effect of three different types of MoL on compost quality, with parameters of temperature, pH, potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Research method: This research is an experimental research through the utilization of dormitory kitchen waste with the Berkeley method and using MoL made from natural materials, namely fruit peels, bamboo shoots, and cassava tapai. Data analysis and processing using descriptive. The results showed that there was an effect of three types of MoL on the quality of compost. Based on observations of the physical quality of compost, the temperature and pH parameters showed that the average temperature was 29 0C and the average pH was 3.5, and the chemical examination of compost found that the compost produced for potassium parameters was highest produced by bamboo shoot mole, namely 0.044%, while the highest nitrogen parameter was tape mole, namely 1.41%, the highest phosphorus content was produced by fruit leather mole, namely 0.73 and the highest water content was fruit leather mole, namely 74.65. Conclusion: there is an effect of three types of MoL on the quality of compost with the Berkeley method.
The Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Content in Coffee Can Reduce Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Increase Testosterone Hormone Levels in DM Conditions Eko Naning Sofyanita; Achmad Zulfa Juniarto; Ari Suwondo; Heri Nugroho
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.163

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is an uncontrolled condition of DM in the body, which causes a decrease in cell functions due to an increase in free radicals (ROS). This study explored the effects of Chlorogenic Acid found in coffee on mitigating MDA levels and augmenting testosterone in the context of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Chlorogenic Acid, recognized for its substantial antioxidative properties, may ameliorate cellular impairments resulting from high glucose concentrations, consequently elevating Testosterone levels. The methodology employed was a Randomized Control Posttest Group Design involving 20 male Rattus norvegicus rats, aged 8-12 weeks, divided equally into four distinct groups. DM was simulated by administering 40mg/KgBB of streptozotocin and verifying the onset of Hyperglycemia through blood glucose evaluations three days post-administration. Following the confirmation of Hyperglycemia, a 14-day intervention with Robusta Coffee was initiated, with subsequent blood sampling on the fifteenth day to measure MDA and Testosterone concentrations. Results indicated that the groups KP, KP1, and KP2 exhibited notable variations in their responses when contrasted with KP, achieving statistical relevance Of ANOVA (p<0.05). However, no marked difference was observed in Testosterone levels between KP1 and KP2 (p>0.05). The investigation corroborated that Chlorogenic Acid in coffee plays a crucial role in reducing MDA and increasing testosterone hormone levels in DM conditions.
Effectiveness of Dried Juwet Cereal Bar (Syzygium cumini L.) as an Antianemic Intervention in Lead-Induced Female White Rats: A Preclinical Study Ni Luh Putu Anggie Pramesthi Putri; Ni Komang Puja Pertiwi; Anak Agung Cahaya Dayita Nariswari; Shiendy Ayu Puspita; Ni Putu Ayu Widya Anggreni; Ketut Agus Adrianta
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.168

Abstract

In contemporary times, lifestyle changes and increased air pollution from vehicle emissions have impacted health, particularly through chronic lead exposure. Lead disrupts iron absorption and hemoglobin synthesis, leading to anemia—a condition marked by insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia affects 29.9% of women of reproductive age globally, with notably high rates in Indonesia among pregnant women and adolescent girls. Tradition al iron supplements often cause side effects, highlighting the need for alternative non-pharmacological solutions. Syzygium cumini L., which is rich in iron, vitamin C, and anthocyanins, offers a promising alternative. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Dried Juwet Cereal Bar in treating anemia using a quantitative experimental approach. Twenty-eight female rats were divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, normal, and treatment, receiving Dried Juwet Cereal Bar containing 5.9% juwet extract. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels were measured using a hematologic analyzer, with statistical analyses performed using paired sample T-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. The juwet extract, prepared with a 96% ethanol-water mixture, retained significant bioactive compounds. Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and anthocyanins. The extract showed high antioxidant activity (IC50 of 215.6887 ppm) and a substantial vitamin C content (18,586.7 mg/100 g). Results indicated that Dried Juwet Cereal Bar significantly increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels after administering dried juwet cereal bars in anemic female white rats with a p-value<0,05, suggesting their potential as an effective non-pharmacological treatment for anemia. This approach supports local agriculture and provides a nutritious, practical, and sustainable product reflecting Indonesian tropical fruit diversity.
Ergonomic Risks in Pottery Crafting: Impact on Work-Related Fatigue and Musculoskeletal Disorders Anastasya Hannie Wuryanie; Tri Martiana; Indriati Paskarini; Widarjanto
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.200

Abstract

Pottery workers frequently work in non-ergonomic conditions, including awkward postures and repetitive movements. These factors not only have an impact on workers' productivity and well-being but also contribute to long-term occupational health problems. This study aims to evaluate the ergonomic risk factors in pottery crafting and their impact on the incidence of MSDs and fatigue in Karanganyar Village. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 43 pottery crafters selected randomly. Ergonomic risk factors have been evaluated using the Ergonomic Risk Factor (ERF) Checklist as per SNI 9011: 2021 standards. Musculoskeletal disorders were assessed with the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, and work-related fatigue was evaluated using a reaction timer. The research analysis uses the Pearson correlation test to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between ergonomic risk and work-related fatigue, as well as between ergonomic risk and musculoskeletal disorders, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. The results indicated a positive relationship between ergonomic risk levels and the prevalence of MSDs and work-related fatigue. This suggests that higher ergonomic risks are associated with increased occurrences of musculoskeletal issues and fatigue. The findings underscore the need for targeted ergonomic interventions to mitigate these risks in pottery crafting.
Effectiveness of Concrete Tiles Made from Medical Waste Incineration Residue Admixture Anggreini Beta Citra Dewi; Fathoni Firmansyah; Siti Rachmawati; Prabang Setyono; Jilan Ashila; Iwan Suryadi
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.218

Abstract

Incineration is a widely used method for processing solid waste, involving a high-temperature combustion process that generates various residues, including bottom ash. Bottom ash is one of the residues that is produced. Bottom ash contains heavy metals that are harmful to the environment, one of which is nickel (Ni). This study aims to evaluate the concentration of Ni in medical waste incineration ash and concrete roof tiles produced using ash mixtures, while also assessing the impact of ash addition on the flexural strength and impermeability of these tiles. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), following the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7184.3:2011), was employed for heavy metal analysis. The test results on medical waste incineration ash showed that the Ni metal content was 0.33 mg/L, while the test results on concrete roof tiles varied 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, at 0.18 mg/L, 0.21 mg/L, and 0.39 mg/L. These values fall below the permissible threshold specified in Indonesian Government Regulation PP 22 of 2021.  When testing the flexural strength of roof tiles with variations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, the results were 654 N, 1018 N, and 754 N. Based on these results, the flexural strength of concrete roof tiles is below the flexural strength standard in SNI 0096:2007. Water impermeability tests, however, showed no signs of water penetration across all variations, meeting the SNI 0096:2007 standard for water resistance.
Job Safety Analysis of Repair Multi-Media Filter (Confined Space) in Agribusiness and Industry Sector Hosiah Sahur; Denny Ardyanto; Moch. Sahri; Muhammad Iqbal Ridho Maulana Arifin
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.224

Abstract

Working in confined spaces is inherently more dangerous than in other environments due to the various unexpected components and factors that must be assessed when identifying hazards. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) effectively identifies risks in non-routine operations and prevents accidents. This study aims to analyze and minimize the risks associated with repair work on the Multi-Media Filter (MMF) confined space tank in the Agribusiness and Industry Sector. The method employed is a descriptive observational Job Safety Analysis, with data collected on work stages, potential hazards, control methods, and hazard ratings for each job. The MMF tank repair work in confined spaces involves eight activities, with 27 identified hazards and risks. Of these, two jobs (15%) fall into the low-risk category, while six jobs (85%) are classified as medium risk; no high-risk jobs were found. The MMF tank repair work presents medium and low risks for each job. Workers can safely carry out the repair work, as no high-potential hazards were identified, ensuring their safety. It is recommended that the JSA be periodically updated, involving workers in the evaluation process to ensure continuity and relevance.

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