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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 172 Documents
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Analysis of Health Disparities Among Different Socioeconomic Groups in Indonesia: Implications for Health Policy Daniel Ginting; Suharto; Nina Fentiana
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.166

Abstract

The unequal distribution of economic resources can result in disparities in access to health services, particularly in lower-income communities where the lack of resources may limit the ability to obtain services that meet their specific needs. As is often the case in communities with lower economic status, individuals tend to prefer traditional medicine, facilitated by village shamans, over seeking care at nearby health facilities. In some literature, the factors contributing to the difficulty of accessing healthcare in communities with low economic status are attributed to two primary factors: internal factors and external factors. This lack of agency on the part of the community then gives rise to a middle ground in the form of a national health insurance program, commonly referred to as BPJS, which is accessible to people from a range of economic backgrounds. This study employs the descriptive qualitative research method, which involves a systematic and comprehensive examination of a given phenomenon or subject matter, with the objective of providing a detailed account of that phenomenon or subject matter in a way that is both accurate and insightful. The findings indicate that economic status continues to exert a significant influence on the manner in which health services are provided to the Indonesian population.
Study of Respiratory Complaints Among Surface Coating Workers Due to Exposure to Particulates and Microbes Indri Santiasih
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.167

Abstract

Surface coating generates particulates (PM2.5 and PM10), especially during sanding and painting. Particulates consist of several organic components, such as nitrates (NH3), ammonium (NH4+), and sulfates, which serve as substrates for microbes (bacteria and fungi) to proliferate. This study aims to analyze the effect of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and the concentrations of bacteria and fungi on respiratory complaints among workers in finishing areas. The independent variables studied are the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, as well as the concentrations of bacteria and fungi, while the dependent variable is the incidence of respiratory complaints. The statistical test used is binary logistic regression to examine the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results indicate that simultaneous exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 significantly affects respiratory complaints. The concentrations of bacteria and fungi also significantly affect respiratory complaints. Previous studies have shown that the size and diameter of particulates and their chemical composition are factors that negatively impact health. On the other hand, the concentrations of bacteria and fungi are positively correlated with particulate concentrations, as the organic substances in particulates allow bacteria and fungi to thrive. Microorganisms grow faster at 22–32°C temperatures and relative humidity between 40–90%. When the relative humidity reaches ≥80%, microbes are more likely to thrive and reproduce.
Energy, Fat, Carbohydrate Adequacy, Physical Activity: Relation to Nutrition Students' Body Fat Percentage Fila Rachmad Ramadan; Lini Anisfatus Sholihah; Noor Rohmah Mayasari; Wildan Alfira Gusrianto
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.171

Abstract

Obesity is caused by excessive fat accumulation due to high energy, carbohydrate, fat intake, and low physical activity, leading to serious health risks. This study examines the relationship between the adequacy levels of energy, fat, carbohydrates, and physical activity with body fat percentage in nutrition students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design involving 111 respondents selected through cluster random sampling based on student cohorts. Data were collected using a 3x24-hour Food Record questionnaire and the IPAQ Short Form to assess physical activity levels, and body fat percentage was measured using BIA. The results showed that most respondents had a deficit in energy adequacy (72.1%) and carbohydrate adequacy (91%), 57.6% had adequate or higher fat intake, and 64% were physically active. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between energy adequacy levels (p=0.024; OR=4.4) and fat adequacy (p=0.000; OR=6) with body fat percentage, as well as a significant relationship between physical activity (p=0.028; OR=2.3) and body fat percentage. No significant relationship was found between carbohydrate adequacy levels and body fat percentage (p=0.316). This study highlights the importance of maintaining balanced energy and fat intake and increasing physical activity to control body fat percentage and prevent obesity among female students. Nutrition and physical activity intervention programs tailored to the needs of female students are necessary to achieve optimal body health.
The Effect of Habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) on TNF-α and IL-6 Levels in Wistar Rats Induced High Fat Diet Yenyen Sulistio Iriana Karyani; Agung Putra; Titiek Sumarawati
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.174

Abstract

Habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) contains the active substance thymoquinone which has antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Administration of Habbatussauda oil can improve TNF-α and IL-6 levels in hypercholesterolemia conditions. The research aimed to determine the effect of giving habbatussauda on levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in rat fed a high-fat diet. Post-test-only control group design experimental research for 45 days. A sample of 30 Wistar rats aged 8 weeks, weighing 150-200 grams and adapted for 7 days, were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely: normal control group (K1), negative control group given a high-fat diet (K2), treatment group given habbatussauda 0.001 mL/gBB (K3), treatment group given habbatussauda 0.002 mL/gBB (K4), treatment group given habbatussauda 0.004 mL/gBB (K5) treatment was given for the last 2 weeks. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using One Way Anova then continued with the Post Hoc LSD. The mean ± SD of TNF-α levels in groups K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 83.36 ± 23.73, 246.47 ± 43.21, 155.83 ± 36.38, 171.80 ± 22.50, and 195.77 ± 47.67 pg/mL, respectively. In IL-6 groups K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 33.83 ± 8.55, 115.11 ± 16.51, 58.85 ± 19.71, 76.70 ± 6.03, and 78.05 ± 17.33 pg/mL, respectively. One Way Anova test for TNF-α and IL-6 levels showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000). In the post hoc test, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in K3, K4, and K5 were significantly lower than in K2 (p = 0.000). Administration of Habbatussauda can reduce TNF-α and IL-6 levels in rat induced by a high-fat diet.
Understanding of the Policy on Fostering Street Vendors in Surabaya: A Review of Surabaya City Regulation No. 17 Year 2003 Basa Alim Tualeka; Abdul Rohim Tualeka; Juliana Jalaludin; Salsabila Novianti
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.182

Abstract

This research aims to understand the policy of fostering street vendors in Surabaya through a study of Surabaya City Regional Regulation No. 17 Year 2003. It was conducted using qualitative research on street vendors and the Surabaya City Government, opening up the possibility of various information materials from all sources. The results show that a) street vendors fostered by the Surabaya City Government have a unique character; on the one hand, they receive coaching assistance from the government, but on the other hand, they sometimes oppose government policies that touch their interests. In general, the fostered street vendors have peace in doing business and become partners of the Surabaya City Government; b) street vendors fostered by the Surabaya City Government have experienced increased welfare financially and socially. Surabaya City Government has made various efforts to foster street vendors to create a clean, orderly, beautiful, and safe Surabaya city.
The Effect of X-ray Radiation on Malondialdehyde Levels in Radiology Workers in Selected Hospitals in Indonesia Y Denny Ardyanto W; Abdul Rohim Tualeka; Rizaldy Fathur Rachman; Tamilanban Thamaraikani; Velu Perumal; Ahsan Ahsan; Pudji Rahmawati; Suardi Zurimi; Salsabila Novianti
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.183

Abstract

The use of ionizing radiation in radiology units is essential for disease diagnosis. However, the energy of this radiation is sufficient to ionize the atoms and molecules in the substance it moves through, potentially posing health risks. This study aimed to analyze the effect of an effective dose of X-ray radiation on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of oxidative stress, in radiographers. With an observational design, this study was conducted cross-sectionally at hospitals X and Y from January to April 2023, involving 19 radiographers exposed to X-ray radiation. MDA levels were measured using the Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method, and data were analyzed using SPSS, including descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The results showed that all respondents had abnormal MDA levels, but the effective dose of radiation did not significantly affect MDA levels (p > 0.05). In contrast, working hours showed a significant influence on MDA levels, where an increase in working hours correlated with an increase in MDA levels. Thus, although the radiation dose received is considered safe, there is evidence of significant oxidative stress in radiographers, which requires further attention regarding the management of radiation exposure in the work environment.Ionizing radiation sources are used by the radiology unit for diagnosing diseases. When radiation contacts an element with sufficient energy, the atoms and molecules can become ionized. The research aims to examine how effective X-ray radiation doses affect malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The methodology of this research is observational because no intervention is used—just the observation of the variables. In recognition of the type of data and analysis, the study is quantitative. While during the study, data from the dependent variable is only collected once, it is cross-sectional in design. Nineteen radiographers who deal directly with X-ray radiation exposure participated in the study, which took place in hospitals X and Y between January 2023 and April 2023. Based on the data shown in Table 3, every respondent has blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) that are abnormal. MDA levels are not impacted by the radiation's effective dose. More details about MDA and its connections to radiation exposure and oxidative stress can be found in the search results. All respondents show abnormally high levels of MDA in their blood; working hours have an impact on MDA levels; and effective radiation doses do not affect MDA levels. All radiation doses received have been considered safe.
Utilization of Liquid Waste from Tofu Production Using Anaerobic Methods for Biogas Rojali; Suparmin; Desembra Lisa; Indah Restiaty
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.185

Abstract

Liquid waste is a significant problem in environmental control. Waste discharged into water bodies will inevitably pollute the surrounding water body, disrupting the life of living organisms nearby. The tofu industry on Jalan Bangka VII Pela Mampang, Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict, South Jakarta, produces liquid waste collected in waste tanks and discharged directly into water bodies without prior treatment. This causes visible turbidity in the water bodies and foul odors from the tofu industry’s liquid waste, which can disturb nearby residents aesthetically and due to the potential emergence of diseases. Tofu liquid waste can be treated biologically or chemically. Anaerobic biological treatment can be about 70% efficient. This research aims to determine how to treat liquid waste in the tofu industry using a plug-flow reactor. The biogas production methodology involves three stages. Stage I involves preparing a set of biogas digesters. Stage II involves mixing tofu liquid waste and EM4 in a 1:1 weight ratio and placing it in the digester, followed by analyzing the raw materials, including COD, BOD, pH, and acetic acid analysis. Stage III involves a continuous fermentation process in the digester for 60 days with variables including HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) of 30, 20, and 10 days of operation and temperature control to keep the fermentation conditions constant at 30°C. Therefore, appropriate and effective HRT and OLR (Organic Loading Rate) are needed to produce biogas from tofu liquid waste. In this study, the researcher will use a digester for 60 days to produce biogas from the tofu factory’s liquid waste.
Insecticidal Activity of Extracts and Fractions of the Anting-Anting Plant (Acalypha indica) with Variations in Drying Methods Against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Ari Widiyantoro; Muhammad Akib Yuswar; Raden Roro Erni Kusuma Putri
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.188

Abstract

The Anting-Anting plant (Acalypha indica) is a shrub commonly used by the indigenous people of West Kalimantan as a mosquito repellent. This study aims to reveal the insecticidal capabilities of extracts and fractions from the leaves and roots of the Anting-Anting plant (Acalypha indica) with and without drying. Previous research has shown that the leaves of the Anting-Anting plant exhibit insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae. The extracts used were only water and methanol extracts, obtained through various extraction processes, but no publication has yet addressed the insecticidal activity of the roots with different drying methods. This study used samples of the leaves and roots of the Anting-Anting plant, differentiated by oven drying at 40°C, air drying, and no drying. Extraction was performed through maceration using methanol as the solvent, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate solvents. The active fractions with the highest insecticidal activity were analyzed for phenolic and flavonoid content. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction from the air-dried roots of the Anting-Anting plant could kill 100% of the larvae at a concentration of 40 ppm. Phytochemical tests indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction from the air-dried roots contained alkaloid, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds. Based on the analysis of phenolic and flavonoid content in the ethyl acetate fraction of the air-dried roots, the values were found to be 79.75±0.23 mg GAE/g and 68.45±0.41 mg QE/g, respectively. This indicates that the air-dried roots of the Anting-Anting plant have the potential to be an insecticide against Aedes aegypti.
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO KONDISI FISIK RUMAH TERHADAP PENYAKIT TB PARU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BARENGKRAJAN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO TAHUN 2020 Marita Elvina Ulprastika; Narwati; Putri Arida Ipmawati
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 1 (2022): GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v20i1.3

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The high rate of pulmonary TB in the working area of ​​the Barengkrajan Health Center can be caused by the physical conditions of the house such as the type of wall, type of floor, ventilation area, lighting, temperature, humidity, and house occupancy density that does not meet the requirements of 17.9% (2,386 houses). The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors for the physical condition of the house on pulmonary TB in the Barengkrajan Health Center Work Area. The method used is observational with an analytical approach and case control design. The sample size is 32 cases and 32 controls using simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using odds ratio. The results showed that the OR for the type of wall was 0.873, the OR for the type of floor was 1.696, the OR for the ventilation area was 1.457, the OR for lighting was 2.647, the OR for humidity was 1.64, the OR for the density of occupancy was 2.896, and the OR for conditions was large. physical house is 2,707. The risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary TB are the physical condition of the house, type of floor, lighting, humidity, and residential density of the house, and those that are not risk factors for pulmonary TB are the type of wall, ventilation area, and temperature.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE CIPP PADA EVALUASI PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR DI RUMAH SAKIT UNTUK MENURUNKAN RISIKO PENULARAN PENYAKIT: Studi di Rumah sakit Royal Surabaya Tahun 2020 Kartika Diyah Rachmawati; Rusmiati; Khambali
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 1 (2022): GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v20i1.4

Abstract

Vector control is part of efforts to control vector-borne diseases directly or indirectly which aims to reduce the presence of vectors by implementing preventive measures so that disease transmission does not occur. The vector-borne and zoonotic disease control programs carried out include reduction, elimination, and eradication. The number of vectors at the Royal Surabaya Hospital in 2018 contained 52.5% mosquito vectors, 27.5% cockroach vectors, 57.5% ants, and 30% rats. Density increased in 2019, namely mosquito vectors as much as 87.9%, cockroach vectors 30.3%, ants 57.6%, and mice 60.6%. However, it did not experience a significant decrease in 2020 with the number of mosquito vectors as much as 84.6%, cockroach vectors 15.4%, ants 46.2%, and rats 38.5%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vector control program using the CIPP method (Context, Input, Process and Product). This research is a descriptive study with an exploratory approach. The sample in this study were 32 heads of the room. Data collection was obtained by conducting interviews using questionnaires and observations at the Royal Surabaya Hospital. The data that has been collected is analyzed descriptively. The result of this research is that the CIPP method can be used to evaluate vector and pest control programs. Context, input, and process evaluations got good categories, while in product evaluation there were still cockroaches, flies, mice, and cats. From this research, it is recommended to close all access to vectors and nuisance animals, to maintain cleanliness, especially in waste management and sewerage, to coordinate with the head of the room, partners and all employees to participate in reducing the presence of vectors.

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