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Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi
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Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies (JIOS)
Published by Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies
ISSN : 2988568X     EISSN : 29884802     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21111/jios.v1i1
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences Other
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies (JIOS) is published by Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies, University of Darussalam Gontor twice a year in June and December on the development of Islamic and Occidental Studies. Editors accept scientific articles (especially qualitative study) in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies, such as: Orientalism and Quranic Studies, Orientalism and Hadits Studies, Orientalism and Contemporary Issues, Orientalism and Economics,Orientalism and Education, Orientalism and Ethics, Orientalism and Sufism.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Filsafat
Articles 36 Documents
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Tinjauan Kritis Kerangka Kerja Pengkajian Filsafat Islam Pada Buku ‘History of Philosophy in Islam’ Karya T.J. De Boer: A Critical Review of the Study of Islamic Philosophy Framework's: An Analysis of the book History of Philosophy in Islam by Tjitze Jacobs de Boer Ahmad Rizqi Fadlilah
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v1i2.32

Abstract

In the study of Islamic philosophy, De Boer is a representative figure and is considered his thought. His work entitled History of Philosophy in Islam is the first writing that is compiled holistically from the initial period of the formation of Islamic philosophy to the Medieval Period. This paper tries to read De Boer's thoughts in his work and critically analyze the framework he uses. This paper is qualitative in nature by taking the text as its data source, which is analyzed descriptively-critically with a philosophical and historical approach. In his work, De Boer chose "philosophy in Islam" as a term for the tradition of critical thinking in Islamic civilization. With this designation, Muslim philosophers are those who have philosophical thought in Islamic history, with al-Farabi as the originator. According to De Boer, philosophy in Islam is limited to the paripathetic tradition. De Boer's choice of the term "philosophy in Islam" shows his doubts about the authenticity of Islamic philosophy, so that Muslim philosophers only continued the Greek tradition of thought. This frame of mind is typical of Western orientalists. This paper discovers the confusion in De Boer's thinking and proves that the tradition of Islamic thought, Islamic sciences, including Islamic Philosophy, has existed since the beginning of Islam and is original based on the unique Islamic worldview.
Hiperrealitas dan Krisis Identitas Manusia Post-Modern: Hyperreality and Identity Crisis of Postmodern Society Rabiatul Adawiyah; Indra, Indra
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v1i2.33

Abstract

This article aims to review the phenomenon of hyperreality experienced by postmodern society and how Islam responds to it. Caused by the development of information technology, especially internet or cyberspace, hyperreality shapes behaviour patterns in people's lives. They are unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy. This phenomenon then creates an identity crisis. In Islam, it needs serious attention because it falls into the category of nifāq. Using descriptive-analytical methods, this article reviews the problems of Western society in interpreting reality and self, freedom and human rights, to be answered with Islamic teachings about it. The article finds that the phenomenon of hyperreality of Western society also affects Muslims today. Unlike Western societies that uphold value freedom and relativism, Islam has taught its followers to be servants and caliphs on earth who have a mandate to do good and spread goodness; to do what is right and to forsake evil. This is the identity of the Muslims. They must not deceive in the name of rights and freedoms to present a false reality. Since rights and freedoms are closely related to goodness.
Benturan Paradigma: Respons terhadap Penggeseran Paradigma Islam: Clash of Paradigms: A Response to the Shifting of Islamic Paradigms Manilet, M. Jamil; Al Kindi, Farhan Afif
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i1.34

Abstract

The clash between paradigms, in this case the Islamic and Western paradigms, is inevitable. This cannot be separated from the globalization that has swept the world. Religious issues from various regions around the world are easily accessible to anyone, anywhere, and anytime. The influx of these issues shapes the patterns and attitudes of Muslims, both in dealing with external and internal problems. The problem is that Muslims are then forced to submit to the Western paradigm. Since the late 19th century, Western penetration of the Islamic world has at least forced some Muslim countries to adopt Western laws. In addition, Islamic academics and intellectuals have lately been moving towards a rationalism-nihilism paradigm that tends to be oriented towards Western orientalist thought and philosophy. As a result, the Islamic paradigm adopted as a framework for Muslims' thinking has shifted and been replaced with a secular-liberal Western paradigm. Therefore, Islamic law is considered to be in conflict with human rights and the way of life of modern society. Departing from that, this paper is important as a response as well as an analysis and offer that the Islamic paradigm is different from the Western paradigm, so the products produced are also different.  The Islamic paradigm is not just a view of the human mind towards the physical world or human involvement in it from a historical, social, political, and cultural perspective, but includes aspects of the world and the hereafter.
Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s View on Religious Extremism Purwanigtyas, Dhita Ayomi; Hasanah, Zahra Uswah
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i1.35

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with complex religious diversity issues. This is evidenced by the persistence of inter-religious conflicts caused by religious extremism. From within Muslims, this problem has become a discussion of scholars. Therefore, this study analyses Yusuf al-Qaradawi's concept of religious extremism to map the scattered extremist groups and avoid mistakes in assessing a group. Yusuf al-Qaradawi stated that extremism is an excessive attitude toward religion that can destroy religious communities because it causes error. In this study, the researcher used a philosophical approach, and the method used was a descriptive-analytical method to analyze Yusuf al-Qaradawi's thoughts regarding the problem of extremism in his work Al-Shaḥwah al-Islāmiyyah bayna al-Juḥūd wa al-Tatharruf. The results of this study found that according to al-Qaradawi, extremism has several factors and characteristics. In this case, al-Qaradawi also put forward the concept of “Wasathiyyah” in Islam to overcome the extremism problem, which proves the essence of Islamic teachings that bring peace and respect differences between people.
Kontribusi Maqāshid al-Syarī‘ah dalam Pengembangan Bioetika Islam: The Contribution of Maqāshid al-Syarī‘ah in the Development of Islamic Bioethics Muhamad Wildan Arif Amrulloh; Zaman, Mehdar Badrus
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i1.36

Abstract

Advancements in medicine and biology have brought significant changes in medical practices, giving rise to new ethical issues such as surrogate motherhood and egg or sperm donation. In such cases, bioethics is essential. However, the prevailing bioethics is predominantly Western, diverging from Islamic ethical principles, thus potentially leading to different ethical conclusions. Hence, Islamic bioethics needs to be introduced and developed. One instrument used in this development is maqāshid al-Syarī’ah. This article aims to examine the contribution of maqasid al-shariah in the development of Islamic bioethics. Employing a literature review method, the article explores literature on Islamic bioethics and maqāshid al-Syarī’ah. The study's findings suggest that maqāshid can bridge Islamic principles with existing realities, enabling Islamic bioethics to address contemporary bioethical issues without compromising Islamic values.
Metode Sosio-Historis Abdullah Saeed dalam Penafsiran Ayat Waris: Studi Kritis: The Socio-Historical Method of Abdullah Saeed in Interpreting the Verse of Inheritance: A Critical Study Ahmad Syarif Mas'ud
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i1.37

Abstract

In interpreting Qur'anic verses, contemporary Muslim thinkers usually argue that the present situation and the context in which the verse was revealed are different. This necessitates a new method to produce contemporary Islamic laws that are different from the Islamic laws of the past. One of them is the law of inheritance. Abdullah Saeed believes that the inheritance law that has been used since the past is no longer in accordance with today's conditions. Many women are now economically independent and have access to education and employment opportunities. By looking at this difference in conditions, Saeed proposes the idea of re-reading the inheritance verse, and then replacing the law with other possibilities. Saeed's method contradicts the tafsir methods of the pious Salaf scholars. Therefore, this article explains, analyses, and critically examines the socio-historical method offered by Abdullah Saeed in interpreting the verse of inheritance. The article finds that Saeed's attempt causes changes in meaning because interpretations will continue to change in accordance with the changing times. Changes are not only made to relative verses (mutaghayyirāt), but also to absolute verses (tsawābit). Furthermore, this socio-historical model of interpretation changes the structure of the Islamic religion, including inheritance.
Religion in the Postmodern Thought Zarkasyi, Hamid Fahmy
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i1.41

Abstract

As understood, postmodernism is a worldview that borrows its nomenclature from the era after modernism. It became a progressive thought with ideas notable for denouncing absolute truth. This article aims to explain what postmodernism is and how religion is understood by its people, mainly by referring to the thoughts of postmodern philosophers who played an important role in undermining religious traditions through the devaluation of religious values, namely Nietzsche (1884-1900), Wittgenstein (1889-1951) and Heidegger (1889-1976). In the discussion, it is found that postmodernism has a distinctive conception of God and religion. It dissolves the highest values, which is God, to which all other value may refer to as their foundations. Since human reason cannot conceive the nature of God, postmodern intellect disestablishes the metaphysical way of thinking. Thus, the postmodernists get it religion in so diverse way that conflicting to the predominant conviction of theologians.
Metodologi Tafsir Gender: Telaah Kritis Pemikiran Husein Muhammad: The Methodology of Gender Interpretation: A Critical Study of Husein Muhammad's Thought Ash-Shufi, Cep Gilang Fikri
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i1.42

Abstract

This article aims to explore and criticize the gender interpretation methodology used by Husein Muhammad, especially in interpreting Qur'anic verses related to women. For Husein, the Qur'an cannot be separated from the historical aspects of 7th century Arab society. This is evidenced by the fact that the Qur'an has reasons for the revelation of verses, as well as the periods of Makkah and Madinah. Therefore, the method of historical criticism based on hermeneutics must be applied in understanding the Qur'an. Husein applied this method and elaborated it into four other methods; maqāshid-based interpretation method, socio-historical aspect analysis method, language analysis method, and causality aspect study method. From there, an understanding of the verse is born in accordance with the concept of gender equality. The results of this study show that Hussein's hermeneutic cannot be applied to the Qur'an, because hermeneutics was born in the Western-Christian tradition motivated by their disappointment with the Bibles, while the Qur'an does not have such a history. Moreover, hermeneutics is based on doubt, whereas Qur'anic exegesis is based on faith. Hermeneutics views the Bible as an unholy text, while the Qur'an is kept sacred and authentic.
Nihilisme Normatif Kontemporer: Studi Kritis terhadap Anti Otoritas dalam Memahami Teks Islam: Contemporary Normative Nihilism: A Critical Study on Anti-Authority in Understanding Islamic Text (Nash) Fatha, Hijriy; Rahmat , Sylmawan
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i2.43

Abstract

In the field of philosophy, the concept of nihilism has developed, namely a conception that denies all existing values and norms. Thus, this gives rise to the understanding of the relativity of truth. This ideology assumes that there is no absolute truth. All current statements and understandings are not necessarily true and may very well be wrong, including the interpretations of Islamic scholars towards Islamic religious texts. This understanding is used as justification for everyone who wants to interpret religious texts as they wish. Of course, this is very contrary to the wisdom of the ulama. Adherents of this understanding equate the Qur'an with other texts to the point of calling the Qur'an a cultural product and historical text.
Problem Objektifikasi Wanita di Media Sosial: Tinjauan Kritis Konsep Gender : The Problem of Objectification of Women in Social Media: A Critical Review of the Concept of Gender Maryam, Anisah; Fazira Siregar, Era; Armiya; Taufiq, Muhammad
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i2.44

Abstract

The objectification of women on social media is an increasingly alarming phenomenon in the digital age. Content that is widespread through various platforms often positions women as sexual objects who are judged based on physical appearance alone. This research aims to critically examine the problem of objectification of women in social media through the perspective of the concept of gender. By using the approach of feminist theory and gender analysis along with criticism of it. This research explores how misconceptions of patriarchal culture, gender stereotypes, and the capitalization of women's bodies play an important role in the reproduction and normalization of this objectification and how Islam views it. In order to understand and offer solutions to this phenomenon, the research also highlights the importance of a balanced view of the problem and the need to reflect on evidence of alternative solutions alongside the echoes of the globalized feminist narrative. The results of the research are expected to contribute to the provision of new insights in understanding the dynamics of women's objectivity and the ethical and fair use of social media.

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