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Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi
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Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies (JIOS)
Published by Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies
ISSN : 2988568X     EISSN : 29884802     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21111/jios.v1i1
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences Other
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies (JIOS) is published by Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies, University of Darussalam Gontor twice a year in June and December on the development of Islamic and Occidental Studies. Editors accept scientific articles (especially qualitative study) in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies, such as: Orientalism and Quranic Studies, Orientalism and Hadits Studies, Orientalism and Contemporary Issues, Orientalism and Economics,Orientalism and Education, Orientalism and Ethics, Orientalism and Sufism.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Filsafat
Articles 42 Documents
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Pengaruh Sekularisasi dalam Diskursus Worldview Barat: The Influence of Secularization in the Discourse of the Western Worldview Arif, Syamsuddin; Annada, Fasya Tharra; Rezkyanta, Haqiqul
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i2.71

Abstract

The study of worldview in the West has developed since the end of 18th century. Western scholars have each provided their own definitions of worldview. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of secularization on the discourse of worldview in the West by employing a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The findings show that the modern Western worldview is based on human reason and culture, and only affirms what is empirical. Consequently, the Western worldview marginalizes God and religion, as well as denies non-empirical realities. This is the result of secularization, which separates worldly affairs from religion. In contrast, the worldview of Islam is centered on God and religion, and perceives reality as a whole—embracing both the empirical and the non-empirical.
The Influence of Orientalist Thought on the Paradigm of Modern Islamic Education: A Critical Study from Edward Said's Perspective Sidqi, Muhammad Hudhel; Qushwa, Febriyanti Ghayatul; Bakhiet, Bakri Muhammad
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i2.78

Abstract

Motivated by an epistemological crisis in modern Islamic education caused by secular and positivist Orientalist thought, this research examines how this paradigm shapes educational perspectives, systems, and curricula. Using qualitative analysis of relevant literature, the study identifies three key channels of Orientalist influence: curriculum design, academic language, and the criteria for scientific legitimacy. The research also highlights the counter-paradigm offered by Muslim intellectuals such as Syed M. Naquib al-Attas, Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, who advocate for an educational foundation based on tawhidi epistemology. The study ultimately calls for a fundamental reorientation of Islamic education away from imitation and toward an emancipatory system that integrates Divine revelation with human intellect and empirical experience.
Reason, Revelation, and Sufism: The Epistemic Paradigm of al-Ghazali and Ibnu Taimiyyah Maghribi, Hamdan; Hidayah, Alfina
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i2.79

Abstract

This article examines the construction of Sufi epistemology according to two major Islamic thinkers: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and Ahmad ibn Taimiyyah. These figures represent contrasting poles in Islamic intellectual history—al-Ghazali as a defender and reformer of syarī‘ah-based Sunni Sufism, and Ibnu Taimiyyah as a sharp critic of Sufism influenced by speculative theology and philosophy. The study explores their views on the sources, methods, and validity of Sufi knowledge, particularly regarding maqām, aḥwāl, kasyf, ilhām, and ma‘rifah, as well as their perspectives on the relationship between reason, revelation, and intuition (dzawq) as epistemic pathways. This research is qualitative in nature, with literature study, and historical-philosophical approach. The authors examine the primary works of both figures and compares them through a chronological and systematic framework. It allows for an exploration of the sociocultural and theological contexts that shaped their epistemological constructions. The study finds that al-Ghazali integrates rational inquiry (syahādah al-‘aql) with inner illumination (kashf), framing ma‘rifah as the product of synergy between tazkiyah al-nafs and tajallī ilāhī. He legitimizes intuitive knowledge as long as it remains within the bounds of the syarī‘ah. Ibnu Taimiyyah, while acknowledging ilhām and kasyf among the saints (awliyā’), restricts their epistemic validity to the limits of nash and fithrah, rejecting any claim that spiritual experience can supersede revelation. Despite their differing approaches, both uphold syarī‘ah-rooted spirituality and reject speculative excesses that threaten the foundations of tawḥīd.
Al-Ghazali's Perspective on Intellect: Its Role and Potential in Achieving Insān Kāmil Huringiin, Nabila; Hamidah, Nur
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i2.45

Abstract

In Islamic intellectual history, intellect (‘aql) is not merely a cognitive faculty but a moral and spiritual instrument. However, contemporary discourse often reduces reason to technical rationality, neglecting its ethical and transcendent dimensions. This article examines al-Ghazali’s understanding of intellect and its role in guiding human beings toward insān kāmil (the perfect human). The study adopts a qualitative library-based methodology, employing descriptive and analytical approaches. Primary sources include al-Ghazali’s key works, notably Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn and al-Munqidz min al-Dhalāl complemented by classical and contemporary scholarly interpretations. The analysis focuses on al-Ghazali’s classifications of intellect, its epistemological scope, and its relationship with revelation and spiritual practice. The findings show that al-Ghazali conceives intellect as a divine light residing in the heart and functioning as the primary source of knowledge. He distinguishes intellect into practical and theoretical types and outlines hierarchical stages culminating in the acquired intellect (al-‘aql al-mustafād). Intellect is inseparable from revelation and moral discipline, as ultimate truth transcends sensory and rational limits and requires spiritual illumination. When harmonized with faith and ethical practice, intellect guides humans toward spiritual maturity, moral excellence, and social responsibility. The study concludes that al-Ghazali’s integrated vision of intellect offers a normative model for achieving insān kāmil and remains relevant for addressing contemporary intellectual and moral challenges.
Paradigma Otonomi Estetika dalam Diskursus Barat dan Islam: Sebuah Analisis Kritis: The Paradigm of Aesthetic Autonomy in Western and Islamic Discourse: A Critical Analysis Yasmin, Alifah; Chusna, Nala Alfia
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i2.50

Abstract

The slogan “art for art’s sake” emerged in modern western aesthetics developed as a paradigm viewing the autonomy of art, free from ethical, religious, or practical purposes. According Théophile Gautier’s theory, this slogan emphasizes beauty as an end in itself. In the modern era, its influence is evident in artistic products that prioritize formal innovation, subjective expression, and aesthetic experience, such as abstract painting, experimental architecture, and conceptual art. Within the context of Islamic modern aesthetics, this paradigm interacts critically with traditional Islamic views that integrate beauty, ethics, and spirituality, producing both adaption and tension in contemporary Islamic art, design, and visual culture. This study employs a qualitative research method through philosophical analysis and critical textual interpretation of Kantian aesthtetics and modern Islamic discourse. The research indicates that “art for art’s sake” is characteristic of Western thinking, which is free from religious and spiritual values. Meanwhile, aesthetics in Islam involves the integration of ḥaqq, khayr, and jamāl. Beauty in Islam must contain goodness and truth, and be based on the values of tawhid and religion.
Critique of Materialism in ‘Ilm al-Kalām al-Jadīd: An Analysis of Jamaluddin al-Afghani’s Thought Rofi'i, Muhammad Arwani; Zahroh, Siti Fatimatuz; Tolipov, Nodir
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i2.80

Abstract

This article examines the concept of materialism from the perspective of ‘ilm al-kalām al-jadīd, focusing on the thought of Jamaluddin al-Afghani. It critically analyzes al-Afghani’s response to the rise of materialism in the 19th century within philosophical and theological debates in the Islamic world. The main objective of this study is to explain how al-Afghani formulated his critique of materialism and how his ideas contributed to modern Islamic theology. Using qualitative methods and content analysis, the study explores al-Afghani’s works especially al-Radd ‘alā al-Dahriyyīn alongside relevant secondary sources. The findings show that al-Afghani regarded materialism as a serious threat to moral and spiritual life because it rejects metaphysical elements such as God, the soul, and the afterlife. He argued that materialism weakens the ethical role of religion and leads to spiritual decline in Muslim society. Within modern kalām, al-Afghani sought to integrate Islamic theology with contemporary intellectual challenges without abandoning core principles. His critique significantly influenced modern Islamic thought by encouraging theological commitment while engaging with modernity
Social Justice Based on the Pancasila Worldview: A Philosophical Analysis of Taxation and Structural Poverty in Indonesia Adib Fattah Suntoro; Fajar Nur Rohim
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v4i1.92

Abstract

This article philosophically analyzes the paradigm of social justice grounded in the Pancasila worldview as a response to taxation inequality and structural poverty in Indonesia. The study is based on the observation that the taxation system remains predominantly oriented toward technocratic and economistic considerations, while structural poverty continues to persist as a long-standing social problem. Unlike previous studies that have primarily emphasized the historical and ideological dimensions of Pancasila, this research positions Pancasila as a living worldview that provides ethical orientation for public policymaking. Employing a qualitative normative-philosophical approach based on library research and content analysis, the study integrates classical and modern theories of justice with the ideas of Indonesia’s founding figures to reconstruct the relationship between Pancasila values and taxation policy. The findings reveal that the fifth principle of Pancasila embodies the principles of redistribution, social solidarity, and moral responsibility, positioning taxation as an ethical instrument for achieving the common good through proportionate contributions from those with greater economic capacity to protect and empower vulnerable groups. State legitimacy derives not only from legal authority but also from its consistency in managing and redistributing tax benefits for public welfare. Therefore, Pancasila should be reaffirmed as an axiological principle that serves as the foundation for fiscal policy reform aimed at reducing inequality and addressing structural poverty in a sustainable manner.
The Problem of Evil: A Study of Alvin Plantinga’s Free Will Defense Nur Hadi Ihsan; Muhammad Kholid Muslih; Zalfaa' 'Afaaf Zhoofiroh; Alfiyya Zahra Asso; Najib Abdussalam
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v4i1.89

Abstract

This article examines the problem of evil by critically analyzing Alvin Plantinga's Free Will Defense (FWD) and its dialogue with Islamic theology. Employing conceptual analysis and comparative theology, the study investigates Plantinga's notions of libertarian freedom, transworld depravity, and the distinction between moral and natural evil. It compares them with the Ashʿarite doctrine of kasb, Māturīdī conceptions of human agency, al-Ghazālī's understanding of divine wisdom, and Ibn Taymiyyah's teleological perspective. The study finds that Plantinga's Free Will Defense successfully neutralizes the logical problem of evil by demonstrating the logical compatibility between God and evil. However, it does not adequately address the evidential problem of evil and struggles to explain natural evil. Islamic theological perspectives broaden the discussion by emphasizing divine wisdom, moral responsibility, and metaphysical purpose. The study concludes that the problem of evil is not merely a question of logical consistency but also one of meaning and intelligibility, thereby opening a constructive dialogue between analytic philosophy of religion and Islamic kalām.
Kematian Tuhan dalam Posmodernisme Barat: Studi Kritik Perspektif Ontologi Filsafat Islam: The Death of God in Western Postmodernism: A Critical Study from the Ontological Perspective of Islamic Philosophy Ali Muchtar; M Zikri Tiftajani; Afkar Gilang Awantoro
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v4i1.93

Abstract

This article analyzes the concept of the death of God in Western postmodern philosophy from the ontological perspective of Islamic philosophy. By tracing the historical and philosophical roots of this idea from Nietzsche to postmodern thinkers such as Heidegger, Derrida, and Lyotard, the study argues that the death of God is a logical consequence of the reduction of theistic metaphysics within Western modernity. Employing a qualitative method through library research and critical-philosophical analysis of the major works of both Western and Islamic philosophers, this study examines the ontological assumptions underlying the postmodern critique of transcendence. The findings reveal that the concept of the death of God is not an ontological fact but rather an epistemological and historical phenomenon arising from the reduction of God to a metaphysical, moral, and cultural construct within the modern Western intellectual tradition. Drawing upon Ibn Sina’s concept of wājib al-wujūd, Mulla Sadra’s doctrines of aṣālat al-wujūd and tashkīk al-wujūd, as well as Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’s Islamic worldview, the article argues that God is the Absolute Reality that transcends the categories of space, time, language, and social construction. Therefore, the claim concerning the death of God is understood as a crisis of knowledge and meaning rooted in epistemological secularization rather than a metaphysical reality. This article proposes a reconstruction of ontology grounded in tawḥīd as a philosophical alternative to postmodern nihilism and relativism, while also demonstrating the enduring relevance of Islamic metaphysics in addressing the contemporary crisis of meaning.
Etymological Resonances between Hebrew and Arabic in the Aptronyms of the Qur’an: Uncovering I‘jāz Lughawī through a Symmetrical Analysis of Meaning M. Afif Wafiudin; Abu Bakar; Moh Yardho
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v4i1.102

Abstract

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of linguistic miracle (i‘jāz lughawī) identified through a cross-linguistic approach, specifically between Hebrew and Arabic. Both languages share a common genealogical origin, thereby enabling profound semantic and etymological connections. This phenomenon is evident when the Qur’an mentions the names of figures from the Hebrew tradition, forming a unique semantic relationship through an aptronym, namely a name that reflects the characteristics or narrative of its bearer. This study focuses on three main questions: how does the phenomenon of aptronyms manifest in the names of Qur’anic figures, how do Hebrew–Arabic etymological resonances reveal the miraculous dimension of language, and what are the implications? Using a qualitative-comparative linguistic approach and based on a literature review, cross-linguistic aptronymic patterns were identified in several figures: Zakariyā with the phrase dhikr, Isḥāq with the phrase ḍaḥikat, Ya‘qūb with the phrase warā’, Yaḥyā with the phrase ḥanānā, and Ibrāhīm with the phrase abī. These findings indicate the presence of etymological resonance that cannot be attributed to mere linguistic coincidence, but rather constitutes a manifestation of the miraculous nature of the Qur’anic language. This study makes a new contribution to Qur’anic exegesis through a linguistic-comparative approach, whilst opening avenues for further research into etymological relationships among Semitic languages in revelatory texts.

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