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Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi
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Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies (JIOS)
Published by Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies
ISSN : 2988568X     EISSN : 29884802     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21111/jios.v1i1
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences Other
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies (JIOS) is published by Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies, University of Darussalam Gontor twice a year in June and December on the development of Islamic and Occidental Studies. Editors accept scientific articles (especially qualitative study) in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies, such as: Orientalism and Quranic Studies, Orientalism and Hadits Studies, Orientalism and Contemporary Issues, Orientalism and Economics,Orientalism and Education, Orientalism and Ethics, Orientalism and Sufism.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Filsafat
Articles 33 Documents
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Religious Plurality and Pluralism in Indonesia: Western Influence on Liberal Muslim Intellectuals Mahmuluddin, Mahmuluddin
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i2.46

Abstract

This research explores the critical distinction between religious pluralism and religious plurality within Islamic thought, addressing a common misconception among contemporary Muslim intellectuals influenced by Western ideologies. The study employs a qualitative methodology that includes a historical analysis of the emergence of religious pluralism during the European Reformation, an epistemological evaluation of hermeneutics in interpreting Islamic texts, and a critique of the adoption of Western pluralist frameworks by Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. The research showed that religious pluralism, understood as the acceptance of all religions as equally valid, is derived from a Western context and is at odds with Islamic teachings, which recognise religious plurality but maintain the exclusivity of Islam as the final revelation. The research highlights the Indonesian Ulema Council's rejection of religious pluralism while advocating tolerance. In addition to clarifying misconceptions about Islamic perspectives on religious diversity, the study highlighted the need to distinguish between acceptance of plurality and endorsement of pluralism, thereby contributing to more informed interfaith dialogue and understanding. Ultimately, the research improved the representation of Islamic thought in academic and public discussions and to encourage a more nuanced appreciation of its theological underpinnings regarding religious diversity.
Implementasi Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Kontemporer SMN al-Attas terhadap Teori Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud: Implementation of SMN al-Attas' Concept of Islamization of Contemporary Science on Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory Adib Fattah Suntoro; Saniyya Khoirun Amala; Muhyiddin, Luthfi
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i2.47

Abstract

This article examines Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory through the perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas' Islamization of Contemporary Science. This study is significant since Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory contains several problems, particularly religious theology. Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, a modern philosopher, proposed the idea of Islamization of Contemporary Science with the objective to liberating science from the hegemony of the secular Western worldview. The findings of this research, which used the critical-descriptive analysis approach, indicate that Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory comprises a secular-atheistic worldview, which is evident in his views on God, religion, and morality. The idea of the human psychological structure that is better accordance with the Islamic worldview is discovered via the integration process, that is the human concept, consisted of al-rūḥ (spirit), al-‘aql (reason), al-nafs (soul), al-qalb (heart), and al-fithrah (instinct).
Pandangan Jalaluddin Rakhmat terhadap Keadilan Sahabat: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis: Jalaluddin Rakhmat’s Views on the Justice of the Prophet Muhammad’s Companions: A Critical Review Sumardi, Edi; Fadlilah, Ahmad Rizqi
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i2.48

Abstract

This article examines Jalaluddin Rakhmat's critical perspective on the concept of the justice of the Companions (‘adālah al-shaḥābah) in Islamic tradition and evaluates his arguments based on scholars' views. Jalaluddin Rakhmat rejects the generalization of the Companions' justice, considering them ordinary humans prone to mistakes. He critiques some Companions, such as Abu Hurairah and Ibnu Abbas, as mudallis and questions the political actions of other Companions like Abu Bakar and Muawiyah. This study employs a qualitative approach using literature review methods to analyze Jalaluddin Rakhmat’s works, hadith sources, and scholars' perspectives within the discipline of hadith studies to evaluate the validity of his criticisms. The analysis reveals that some of his views are based on misinterpretations or weak sources, such as equating mudallis with mursal shaḥābiyy, which are disciplinarily distinct in hadith science. His rejection of the concept of the Companions' justice impacts the reinterpretation of hadith and Islamic history, which is critically examined here to assess the validity of his arguments. This article emphasizes the importance of caution in critiquing the Companions, especially in maintaining ethical and methodological rigor, to understand their role in preserving the authenticity of Islamic teachings.
Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) tentang Pengharaman Salam Lintas Agama: Analisis Sosiologis-Teologis: The Indonesian Ulema Council's Fatwa on the Prohibition of Interfaith Greetings: A Socio-Theological Analysis Armayanto, Harda; Wardhani, Selmarisa
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v2i2.49

Abstract

This article aims to examine the theological and sociological aspects of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa on the prohibition of interfaith greetings. This is based on the response of some people who consider the fatwa to have the potential to damage religious relations in Indonesia and threaten the existence of Pancasila. This article is qualitative in nature and based on library research (printed and digital data). At first, the author describes the history of interfaith greetings in Indonesia, the MUI fatwa related to interfaith greetings, and the arguments of the fatwa's opponents. From there, the author then analyzes the interfaith greetings theologically and sociologically, and then critically examines the arguments of the opponents of the MUI fatwa. In this paper, it is found that the fatwa departs from theological concerns by mixing the teachings of religions (syncretism). MUI considers salam as a prayer that contains aspects of ubudiah. Sociologically, MUI's fatwa is not problematic as alleged. This is because MUI is always actively committed to cooperate with all elements of a multicultural and multi-religious nation while still adhering to Islamic law.
Islamofobia di Indonesia dan Tantangan Pewacanaannya: Islamophobia and the Challenges of its Discourse in Indonesia Abdurrahman, Usamah; Al Hakim, Ahmad Hilmy Luqman
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.52

Abstract

This paper aimed to situate the concept of islamophobia and portray its conditions in Indonesia. It first attempted to clarify the meaning of islamophobia by elaborating it as categorized by Ozcan Hidir into two categories: 1.0 and 2.0. From there, the author tried to point out a number of phenomena that illustrate the practice of islamophobia in Indonesia by classifying them based on three historical periods: before the Proclamation of Independence, from the Proclamation of Independence to the 9/11 and the Bali bombings, and from the 9/11 and the Bali bombings to the present.  With reference to these three periods, the author then analyzed that in the colonial era, islamophobia was generally practiced by the Dutch East Indies government to discipline the natives who positioned Islam as a symbol and spirit of collective resistance. In the second period, the disciplinary process was practiced by secular elites in the government circles in both the Soekarno and Soeharto periods. As for the third period, islamophobia applies in the form of eliminating certain groups of Muslims who are considered intolerant and labeled radicals, fundamentalists, and terrorists. From there, the author then clarified a number of arguments above that hinder the discourse of islamophobia in Indonesia. Based on Islamophobia 1.0 and 2.0, the author found that irrational hatred and fear of Islam or Muslims in Indonesia is real, as well as the branding or stereotyping of Islam and Muslims with certain negative terms to be generalized to all Muslims also occurs in this country.
Liberalism in the Perspective of Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi: A Descriptive Analytical Study Amir Sahidin; Zahratur Rofiqah Binte Mochamad Sandisi
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.55

Abstract

When the thought of religious liberalism entered Indonesia, some scholars regarded it as an idea for Islamic reform, resulting in confusion (shubhat) among the Muslim community. As the liberalization movement grew more widespread, Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi emerged as one of the Muslim scholars at the forefront in rejecting the idea of liberalism through a rational and well-argued approach. Therefore, this article discusses liberalism from the perspective of Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi. Through library research and descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that: first, liberalism is a Western worldview that presupposes absolute freedom whether in politics, society, economy, thought, or religion. Second, the liberalization of Islamic thought is a joint movement between missionaries, orientalists, and colonialists, which was later adopted by liberal scholars. Third, the challenges of liberalism encompass five aspects, namely: the doctrines of relativism, pluralism, feminism and gender, criticism of the Qur'an, and the deconstruction of Islamic law (sharia).
The Theological Discourse on Divine Attributes: A Comparative Study of Ashʿarite, Māturīdite, and Muʿtazilite Perspectives Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Syamil, Ahmad Hisyam; Kusuma, Amir Reza; Wijaya, Agarin Muqsit
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.56

Abstract

This study examines the theological perspectives on Divine Attributes among the Ashʿarī, Māturīdī, and Muʿtazilite schools, highlighting their doctrinal differences and methodological approaches. While the Ashʿarīs affirm Divine Attributes as neither identical to nor separate from God’s essence, the Māturīdīs emphasize rational-textual balance, rejecting anthropomorphism without negating attributes. In contrast, the Muʿtazilites deny eternal attributes, arguing they compromise God’s unity (tawḥīd), and interpret scriptural anthropomorphisms metaphorically. Employing a critical-analytical method, this research reveals how these schools navigate the tension between divine transcendence and scriptural literalism. The findings underscore the Ashʿarī-Māturīdī alignment against Muʿtazilite rationalism, while noting subtle divergences between them. The study contributes to broader Islamic theological discourse by clarifying these schools’ positions on Divine Attributes.
Antara Relativisme dan Ikhtilaf dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Sebuah Kajian Perbandingan Kritis: Between Relativism and Ikhtilaf in Qur'anic Interpretation: A Critical Comparative Study Lalu Heri Aprizal
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.58

Abstract

The liberal approach to Qur'anic interpretation affects the framework of Muslims toward their religion. This perspective requires that what was produced by previous scholars of tafsir is considered relative. It then deconstructs all established religious interpretations, and leads to the anti-authority movement, so that no one can know the meaning of the Qur'anic verses except the absolute God. This argument seems to be supported by the fact that scholars sometimes differ in their opinions in interpreting Qur'anic verses. The problem is, are the differences in scholars' interpretations a form of relativism? This article aimed to show the significant difference between relativism in tafsir, which denied the truth of religious interpretations, and ikhtilaf tafsir, which was a difference in the interpretations of scholars. This paper is qualitative in nature using the library research method. The data collected have been described and critically analyzed, especially those related to relativism in and ikhtilaf tafsir. From there, the author then conducted a comparative study to find the differences between the two. The author found that relativism in tafsir is not the same as ikhtilaf tafsir. Ikhtilaf tafsir can be discussed scientifically to reach the best interpretation, while relativism in tafsir tends to aim to reject and deconstruct the interpretations of the scholars, then replace them with new interpretations that are considered more in line with the times.
Keserasian Laki-Laki dan Perempuan: Tawaran Islam terhadap Wacana Feminisme dan Kesetaraan Gender: The Harmony Between Men and Women: An Islamic Perspective on Feminism and Gender Equality Perdana, Martin Putra; Fauziah, Siti Anne Barkah Nur
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.59

Abstract

The issues of gender and feminism have recently resurfaced, seemingly as a response to the longstanding discrimination faced by modern women. However, instead of achieving justice and harmony in addressing gender problems, the imposition of gender equality ideology has given rise to new conflicts, particularly in the dynamics of male-female relationships within the family structure. This 'virus' has failed to bring peace and justice; rather, it has sparked various polemics that contribute to moral and value degradation. So how does Islam respond to the issue of gender equality? Using a qualitative approach and employing a library research method, this article aims to present the Islamic perspective on gender equality. Does gender difference always lead to harm, or can these differences actually foster harmony and completeness?
Membaca Ulang Orientalisme: Akar Historis dan Respons Intelektual Muslim: Revisiting Orientalism: Historical Roots and Muslim Intellectual Responses Hadi, Sofian; Irawan, Dedy; Harwansyah, Iwan
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.61

Abstract

This paper explores the dynamics of Orientalism in relation to the study of the Eastern world, particularly Islam, and examines the responses that have emerged from Muslim intellectuals. The study is motivated by the efforts of several Western Orientalists who systematically analyzed and interpreted Islamic teachings—including the Qur’an, Hadith, and Islamic history—with a tendency to diminish their values and authenticity. Using a critical textual analysis approach, this research examines Orientalist literature and Muslim intellectual responses. The findings reveal that Orientalist works often contain ideological biases and seek to influence Eastern perceptions to adopt a Western secular worldview, which frequently contradicts Islamic values. Muslim scholars have responded with strong critiques, targeting the motives, methodologies, and conclusions of Orientalist studies. This paper argues that Orientalism is not merely an academic endeavor, but also part of a broader ideological and political project aimed at dominating discourse and shaping the narrative of the Eastern world. The study highlights the urgency of developing a critical awareness of Orientalist productions and the need to strengthen authentic and balanced Islamic narratives.

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