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I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya
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Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 27220125     EISSN : 27226034     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v1i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia or PTJI is an open access journal that publishes scientifically content two editions per year June and December to promote clinical practice and research in the physical therapy area The Journal aims to promote a lively exchange of ideas between academics and practitioners as well as to bridge and integrate the intellectual of physical therapy experts
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Articles 169 Documents
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Exercise therapy for preventing physical and psychological trauma in earthquake-prone areas: A systematic review Wijoyo, Eriyono Budi; Mustikasari, Mustikasari
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.330

Abstract

Background: Earthquakes impose both physical injuries and psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy in preventing and managing physical and psychological trauma among populations in these regions. Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420251130734) and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest (January 2014–August 2025) using MeSH terms and Boolean operators. Eligible studies included the randomized control trial (RCT), quasi-experimental, cohort, and controlled field trials examining exercise interventions for trauma-related outcomes in earthquake settings. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the PEDro scale. Results: Nine studies met the criteria, covering adolescents, older adults, disaster survivors, and refugees. Interventions ranged from yoga and aerobic training to strengthening and community-based rehabilitation. Exercise therapy consistently improved physical (pain, mobility, function) and psychological outcomes (PTSD, anxiety, depression), but methodological flaws, lack of blinding, concealed allocation, and intention-to-treat analysis limited the evidence to moderate quality. Conclusion: Exercise therapy supports both physical recovery and psychological resilience in earthquake-affected populations, but more high-quality RCTs with standardized protocols are needed to strengthen evidence and inform its integration into disaster management.
Impact of cycle ergometer based low-intensity aerobic exercise on quadriceps femoris strength in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy Perdana, Difitasari Cipta; Wardhani, Indrayuni Lukitra; Utami, Ditaruni Asrina; Suprabawati, Desak Agung Gede
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.332

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer and chemotherapy can reduce muscle strength through systemic and neuromusculoskeletal effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-intensity cycle ergometer exercise on quadriceps femoris strength in patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the medical rehabilitation outpatient clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from May to November 2024. Twenty female patients aged 18–59 years with stage II–III breast cancer who had completed at least three chemotherapy cycles were enrolled. Eligible participants had normal echocardiography findings (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50%) and oncologist approval. Exclusion criteria included hemodynamic instability, hematologic abnormalities, arrhythmia, pulmonary disease exacerbations, recent surgery or radiotherapy, severe pain, or cognitive disorders. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group performed low-intensity cycle ergometer training twice weekly for eight, while the control group performed breathing exercises only. Quadriceps femoris strength was measured before and after the intervention using a handheld dynamometer. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests, with significance set at p-value < 0.05. Results: After eight weeks, the intervention group showed significantly greater increases in quadriceps femoris strength compared with the control group (right leg: p = 0.006; left leg: p= 0.020). Mean strength gains were 4.38 ± 2.3 kg (right) and 3.22 ± 1.9 kg (left), whereas the control group showed significant declines. Large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 1) indicated clinically meaningful improvements in the exercise group. Conclusion: The intervention group showed significantly greater preservation and improvement of quadriceps femoris strength than the control group. Low-intensity cycle ergometer exercise appears to be a safe and effective rehabilitation strategy for maintaining muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Pelvic floor exercises to improve low back pain and activities of daily living for the elderly Nurba, Fera Gusmi; Rahman, Muhammad Nurhadi; Rizal, Dicky Moch
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.248

Abstract

Background: Lower back pain is a prevalent health concern on a global scale, particularly among female and elderly demographics. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of regular pelvic floor exercises on the severity of low back pain and the enhancement of daily functioning in postmenopausal women. Methods: The present study employs a quasi-experimental design, incorporating a pre-post-test approach and a control group. Based on the extant data, 18 postmenopausal women will be distributed between the control group and the intervention group. The control group will participate in pelvic floor exercises thrice weekly for three weeks, while the intervention group will engage in pelvic floor exercises daily for three consecutive weeks. The collected data will be subjected to a paired sample t-test to make a pre-and post-intervention comparison, while an independent t-test will be employed to compare the groups at a significant level of p<0.05. Results: The average numeric rating scale (NRS) and modified Oswestry low back pain disability index (MODI) values in the control group after performing pelvic floor exercises were recorded as (6.0±1.4) and (20.3±7.3), respectively, while in the intervention group, they were (2.6±1.7) and (9.44±7.9). These data show a significant difference with a p-value < 0.000 (p < 0.05). A comparison between the control and intervention groups after performing pelvic floor exercises with different frequencies also revealed significant differences, with p-values of 0.000 and 0.008 (p<0.05), respectively. However, a larger difference was observed in the intervention group performing pelvic floor exercises daily, showing a much higher delta compared to the group exercising three times a week, with NRS values of (4.4±0.5) and MODI values of (19.7±1.7). Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the group that performed pelvic floor exercises daily exhibited a significant reduction in NRS and MODI values compared to the group that performed exercises three times a week.
Proceedings Book of The 10th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) of Indonesia Sports Medicine Association (ISMA) in conjunction with the 2nd Malaysian Indonesia Sports Symposium (MISS) Olahraga, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kedokteran
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.356

Abstract

Greetings from Chairman of Indonesian Sports Medicine Asssociation As the chairman of Indonesian Sports Medicine Association (ISMA), I am so grateful that we are organising the 2025 Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) in conjunction with the Malaysian-Indonesian Sports Symposium (MISS) in Bali from October 30 - November 1, 2025. With the theme of “The Winning Team: Integrating Sports Medicine into Primary Care”, ASM are aiming to re-affirm our role in building a healthier nation through our profession, which extend not only to the competitive athlete, but also to general population. Moreover, since Sports Medicine Specialists is still scarcely distributed through out the nation, itis imperative to integrate Sports Medicine knowledge in Primary Healthcare services. On the other hand, MISS is focusing on one of the most common sports injury and musculoskeletal injury in the community, i.e. ankle sprain. Various aspects of ankle sprain, from epidemiology to the current update of its management will be discussed to improve the management of ankle sprain in the community. Thus we sincerely hope this event will bring significant impact in improving the quality of the medical / sports professionals services for all the audience while enjoying the refreshing ambience of Bali, the Paradise Island. Thank you for your participation and contribution in this event. Warm regards, Dr. Rika Haryono, Sp.K.O., Subsp. ALK (K)
Effects of a virtual reality exergame on cardiorespiratory function in older adults Bakri, Dina Fatiyah; Warliani, Melda; Waluyo, Yose; Mubarak, Husnul; Mayasari, Nilla; Zainuddin, Andi Alfian
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.321

Abstract

Introduction: With increasing life expectancy, the elderly population is at higher risk for cardiorespiratory decline. Exercise is known to reduce this decline, but adherence to exercise programs can be low. Virtual reality (VR) exergaming offers an engaging alternative, potentially increasing motivation while providing similar benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR exergaming in improving cardiorespiratory function in elderly individuals. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 elderly participants (VR exergaming, n=24; conventional aerobic exercise, n=16). Both groups exercised three times per week for six weeks. The VR group used Ring Fit Adventure on the Nintendo Switch, while the control group performed structured aerobic exercises. Cardiorespiratory parameters—heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) from the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and peak cough flow rate (PCFR)—were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Significant improvements were observed in VO₂ max, RR, BP, PEFR, and PCFR in both groups, though HR did not change significantly. Despite baseline differences in VO₂ max, overall improvements were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: VR exergaming was as effective as conventional exercise in improving cardiorespiratory function in older adults and offers an engaging and enjoyable alternative.
Comparative effects of exergame intervention on cardiorespiratory function in obese and normal-weight adults Darmawan, Andi Miftah Khaerati; Mubarak, Husnul; Aritonang, Sylvia Evelyn; Sam, Nuralam; Warliani, Melda; Zainuddin, Andi Alfian
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.323

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Exergaming offers an accessible, interactive alternative to promote physical activity. This study aimed to assess the changes in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), heart rate recovery (HRR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in adults with obesity and normal weight after a six-week exergame intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post study involved 29 adults (15 obese, 14 normal BMI) who participated in exergame sessions three times of 40 minutes weekly for six weeks. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 18–45 years with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m² (normal) or ≥25 kg/m² (obese), normal or corrected vision, and willingness to complete the intervention. Exclusion criteria included individuals with cardiovascular, neurological, or uncontrolled medical conditions, recent surgery or hospitalization, pregnancy, participation in other exercise programs within the previous four weeks, cognitive or sensory impairments, withdrawal from the study, repeated absences, or adverse events such as cybersickness. Outcomes included 6MWT distance, HRR, and VO2max. The paired T-test or Wilcoxon test was used for within-group comparisons, and the independent T-test or Mann-Whitney test for between-group analysis. Results: Significant within-group improvements were observed after the intervention. The 6MWT distance increased by 26.21 m, from 364.48 ± 46.92 m to 390.69 ± 43.17 m (p < 0.001). HRR improved by 11.14 bpm, from 24.41 ± 8.35 bpm to 35.55 ± 8.92 bpm (p = 0.003). VO2max increased by 0.79 mL/kg/min, from 14.91 ± 1.85 to 15.70 ± 1.84 mL/kg/min (p < 0.001). However, between-group differences were not statistically significant for 6MWT (p = 0.397), peak heart rate (p = 0.739), HRR (p = 0.220), and VO2max (p = 0.397), indicating similar improvements in both groups. Conclusion: Six weeks of exergaming significantly improved functional capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness comparably in both obese and normal-weight adults, suggesting it was an inclusive and practical option for community-based physical activity programs.
The effect of a virtual reality exergame on handgrip strength and cognitive function in post-stroke patients Wangsa, Jeanie Dewi; Hasan, Rumaisah; Nikmatiyah, Wa Ode Sri; Waluyo, Yose; Mubarak, Husnul; Zainuddin, Andi Alfian
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.322

Abstract

Background: More than 60% of stroke patients have chronic neurological impairments that impair hand strength and cognitive function, lowering their quality of life. While virtual reality (VR) exergames have been extensively researched as adjuvant therapies, evidence of their simultaneous effects on motor and cognitive skills is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of VR exergames on handgrip strength and cognitive function in post-stroke patients. Methods: The study used a randomized controlled trial design with 60 subacute post-stroke patients who were randomly assigned to either the control group, which received conventional care (occupational therapy and physiotherapy), or the intervention group (conventional care plus VR exergame therapy) for eight weeks. This study included first-time stroke patients with onset ≥1 month, mild to moderate hemiparesis (MMT ≥ 3), and hemodynamic stability. Participants with significant spasticity (MAS > 3), aphasia, or uncontrolled comorbidities were excluded. Before, during, and after the intervention, handgrip strength and cognitive function were tested using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina). Results: After 8 weeks of therapy, the intervention group showed a significant increase in handgrip strength (+3.9 points, p-value= 0.040) and MoCA-Ina scores (+5 points, p-value= 0.007) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Integrating VR exergames with conventional rehabilitation significantly improves handgrip strength and cognitive function in post-stroke patients compared to traditional therapy alone.
Enhancing self-concept in patients with mental disorders through deep breathing exercises and community mental health nursing training: A quasi-experimental study Rahmat, Ibrahim; Lesmana, Mohammad Hendra Setia; Soewadi; Hakimi, Mohammad; Fatmawati, Kiki Amanda
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.336

Abstract

Background: Patients with mental diseases with low self-concept are more likely to engage in maladaptive behavior, isolate themselves, and relapse. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of deep breathing exercise and community mental health nursing (CMHN) training in improving the self-concept quality of patients with mental disorders. Methods: The study used a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group. A total of 235 individuals were randomly selected from ten primary health facilities in Bantul, Yogyakarta, including 120 in the intervention group (combination of deep breathing exercises and CMHN training) and 115 in the control group (self-directed study only). Eligible participants were cooperative patients with mental disorders in the maintenance or health promotion phase, while those unwilling to follow the training protocol were excluded. Self-concept served as the dependent variable, measured using a self-concept questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests in SPSS, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in mean self-concept scores, from 105.2 pretest to 110.0 posttest (p = 0.004), while no significant change was observed in the control group (p = 0.092). Conclusion: Integrating deep breathing exercises with CMHN training improves the self-concept of individuals with mental illnesses during the maintenance and health promotion stages.
Effects of plyometric training on volleyball smash performance: A pre-experimental study Sujarwo; Kuswoyo, Dilli
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.373

Abstract

Background: Volleyball requires explosive leg power and coordination for effective spike performance, yet many adolescent athletes in sports-specialization classes in Indonesia show limited lower-limb power. This study aimed to compare the effects of two plyometric exercises, box jumps and squat jumps, on improving spike performance among these students in Yogyakarta. Methods: Twelve male sports-specialization students participating in extracurricular volleyball were purposively assigned to box jump or squat jump training groups (n = 6 each). Spike performance was assessed using a standardized skill test, and results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests. Results: Both training groups showed improvements in volleyball spike performance. The box jump group increased from a pretest mean of 34 to a posttest mean of 64 spikes (t = 2.19), while the squat jump group improved from 31 to 45 spikes (t = 1.26). Neither change reached statistical significance at α = 0.05 (critical t = 2.571). Numerically, the box jump group showed a larger and more consistent gain than the squat jump group. Conclusion: Plyometric training led to practical improvements in volleyball spike performance, especially in the box jump group, though changes were not statistically significant. These results indicated that plyometric exercises could benefit school-based volleyball programs, while further research with larger samples and longer interventions is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

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