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I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya
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Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 27220125     EISSN : 27226034     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v1i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia or PTJI is an open access journal that publishes scientifically content two editions per year June and December to promote clinical practice and research in the physical therapy area The Journal aims to promote a lively exchange of ideas between academics and practitioners as well as to bridge and integrate the intellectual of physical therapy experts
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Articles 169 Documents
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The effects of overtraining protocol on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation Syetiawinanda, Amriansyah; Doewes, Muchsin; Purwanto, Bambang; Soetrisno, Soetrisno; Kristiyanto, Agus; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.304

Abstract

Background: Overtraining can elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppress endogenous antioxidant activity, and trigger systemic inflammation. Monitoring oxidative stress and inflammation is essential to prevent muscle damage. This study aimed to examine the effects of an overtraining protocol on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers MDA, IL-6, NO, and SOD in male Wistar rats. Methods: The experimental was conducted over two weeks using male Wistar rats at the Bioscience Institute Laboratory, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia as a preliminary study. Three rats were examined to assess the effects of overtraining on MDA, IL-6, NO, and SOD levels. Observations were made one day after overtraining protocol for the intervention group value (KP) and six weeks after overtraining for the control group value (K1). Results: Three male rats underwent an overtraining protocol, and blood samples were collected one day post-overtraining (KP) to assess MDA, IL-6, NO, and SOD levels. The mean values at KP were MDA: 370.3 ± 10.3, IL-6: 5.9 ± 0.7, NO: 61.0 ± 8.4, and SOD: 0.05 ± 0.03. At six weeks post-overtraining (K1), MDA (192.8 ± 10.3), IL-6 (3.3 ± 1.9), and NO (41.7 ± 21.6) levels were lower, while SOD (0.3 ± 0.2) was higher compared to KP. Conclusion: Overtraining can elevate ROS and inflammatory responses, as indicated by increased MDA, IL-6 levels, and NO, along with reduced SOD expression.
The role of the psychoeducation for family preparedness application on psychological preparedness and functional activities of families post-disaster: A community intervention study Tri Astuti, Retna; Fanani, Mohammad; Yusuf, Munawir; Lestari, Eny; Suminah
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.312

Abstract

Background: Families residing in disaster-prone areas are at increased risk of psychological and functional disruption during and after disasters. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychoeducation for family preparedness (PEKA) application in improving psychological preparedness and family functional activities among households in disaster-prone communities. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was conducted with 60 purposively selected families. The intervention group utilized the PEKA application for 4 weeks, a practical and user-friendly tool that comprises six interactive modules covering disaster education, emotional regulation, evacuation planning, communication, daily functionality, and journaling. Validated instruments measured psychological preparedness and functional activity. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and ANCOVA. Results: After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant improvements in both psychological preparedness (Mean ± SD: 66.2 ± 7.8 to 81.4 ± 6.9; p < 0.001) and functional activities (62.0 ± 6.3 to 75.6 ± 7.1; p < 0.001), while the control group did not show significant changes. ANCOVA revealed significant between-group differences for both psychological preparedness (F (1,57) = 18.96; p < 0.001; η² = 0.248) and functional activity (F (1,57) = 12.21; p = 0.001; η² = 0.176). Application engagement was high, with 85% of participants completing more than 80% of the modules. Conclusion: The PEKA application was an effective digital intervention that enhances both the psychological preparedness and functional capacity of families in disaster-prone areas. Integrating psychoeducational content with interactive tools and professional support can strengthen family resilience and serve as a scalable model for community-based disaster risk reduction.
Diagnostic performance of ultrasound in detecting early occult scaphoid fractures: A systematic review Rahman, Safrizal; Azharuddin, Azharuddin; Azmi, Azmi; Isnanda, Rizki Puji; Ichsan, T.; Azmi, Muhammad
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.313

Abstract

Background: The diagnosis of scaphoid fractures is further confounded by the fact that up to 16% may be occult on initial plain radiographs. Clinicians have faced a diagnostic dilemma. It is essential to diagnose quickly and accurately, as delayed or missing diagnoses can result in substantial complications. High-frequency ultrasound has emerged as an option for the early detection of occult scaphoid fractures. There are numerous perks to this modality, such as the capacity to conduct dynamic examinations, the absence of ionizing radiation, the relatively low cost, and the broad availability. Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) was followed for conducting a literature search utilizing PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Springer Link. The search term “acute occult scaphoid fracture” AND “ultrasound” OR “ultrasonography” was employed. Articles that contained prospective evaluations of the sensitivity and specificity of the use of ultrasonography to diagnose scaphoid fractures were considered. Results: We have obtained 69 studies, after a full-text review, nine studies are suitable for systematic review. The total sample size was around 572 patients with an average age. of 18-41,2. Male patients were higher than female. The article’s quality ranged from moderate to high, based on the MINOR Score. Some studies repeated other imaging modalities (plain radiographs, CT Scan, MRI) to validate the ultrasound results. The mean sensitivity was 77.38% (standard deviation of 22.76) and the mean specificity was 84.74% (standard deviation of 14.71). Conclusion: High-resolution ultrasound performed by experienced operators can achieve sensitivity and specificity comparable to advanced imaging modalities.
The correlations between kinesiophobia and shoulder pain, joint position sense, quality of life, and functional performance in patients with shoulder instability: A cross-sectional study Khiyami, Ahmad Talal; Almalki, Raed Saleh; Habeebullah, Safwan; Alkhouildi, Nora Alkhouildi; Aldhafri, Sultan Mohammed; Banjar, Riyadh Ghazali; Alzahrani, Mansour Saeed; Alyamany, Ehab Mustafa; Alharbi, Abdulrhman Mohammed; Alesmail, Ali Saleh; Alfadel, Abdullah Mohammed; Alfawd, Mona Awaji; Gadah, Ahmad Mohiddin; Alwafi, Rawan Baleegh
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.314

Abstract

Introduction: Shoulder pain significantly affects quality of life and functional performance. Psychological factors, particularly kinesiophobia, fear of movement due to anticipated pain or injury, are crucial to consider, as they can intensify pain and hinder recovery. This study aimed to explore the relationship between kinesiophobia and various dimensions of shoulder pain, including pain intensity, functional limitations, and quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 participants (60 males, 20 females) experiencing shoulder pain. Participants completed the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Quality of Life Index (QOL). Spearman's correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between kinesiophobia, pain, and function. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was found between TSK and SPADI (ρ = 0.237, p = 0.027). No significant correlations were observed between TSK and QOL (ρ = −0.058, p = 0.617) or JPS at 50°, 90°, and 125° of flexion (all p > 0.05). TSK significantly predicted SPADI scores (β = 0.260, p = 0.015), with each unit increase in TSK corresponding to a 0.574-point increase in SPADI. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that higher TSK scores were associated with increased SPADI scores in individuals with shoulder instability and pain, but show little correlation with QOL or JPS.
Using the Strava application for walking physical activities to control the risk of pre-eclampsia Manurung, Suryani; Lestari, Tri Riana; Handayani, Oktaviyana Tri
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.305

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia affects approximately 2–10% of pregnancies worldwide and remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Its occurrence is strongly associated with pregnancy-related risk factors, including elevated blood pressure and excessive maternal weight. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of walking activity, monitored using the Strava application, in controlling blood pressure and reducing the risk of pre-eclampsia among women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group. Thirty pregnant women in their second and third trimesters who were at risk of pre-eclampsia due to elevated blood pressure were purposively recruited, with 15 participants assigned to the intervention group and 15 to the control group. Data collection, conducted between April and May 2024 in Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta, utilized a demographic questionnaire, a blood pressure monitoring sheet, and the Strava application to track physical activity. Blood pressure outcomes were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Results: The data followed a normal distribution (p > 0.05). The participants had a mean age of 30.6 years (SD = 5.87), with 46.7% primiparous, 53.3% multiparous, 90% overweight, and 10% normal body weight. Before the intervention, 80% of participants exhibited insufficient physical activity. After the walking intervention monitored via Strava, significant reductions were observed in the intervention group’s systolic blood pressure (from 143.3 to 130.9 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (from 92.9 to 86.7 mmHg) (p < 0.05), with mean decreases of 12.4 mmHg and 6.1 mmHg, respectively. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Subgroup analysis confirmed significant reductions in blood pressure across confounding factors, including age, parity, and body weight status. Conclusion: Regular walking activity, monitored using the Strava application, was effective in reducing blood pressure and mitigating the risk of pre-eclampsia among women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Incorporating structured physical activity programs during pregnancy, in conjunction with the management of maternal age, parity, and weight, may contribute to the prevention of pre-eclampsia.
The relationship of routine exercise and body mass index to dysmenorrhea severity among young women W Wahyuni; Mohd Nordin, Nor Azlin; Mutalazimah, M
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.315

Abstract

Background: There are several risk factors for dysmenorrhea, including high body mass index (BMI) and lack of exercises. The study's goal was to determine the relationship between routine exercises and body mass index with the levels of primary dysmenorrhea pain in young women. Methods: This study was conducted among 514 young women in Surakarta used a cross-sectional design. Inclusion criteria were females aged 15–24 years with regular menstruation and no use of medications affecting the menstrual cycle, while exclusion criteria included a history of reproductive organ surgery, ongoing treatments affecting the cycle, or abnormal uterine bleeding. This study used questionnaires developed by the researcher to collect patients’ characteristics, pain level, and frequency of exercise data. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17–18 years, experienced menarche at 12–14 years, had normal BMI, and reported primary dysmenorrhea with moderate pain intensity. The Chi-square test between routine exercises and degrees of dysmenorrhea showed a value of p-value < 0.001, and between BMI and degrees of dysmenorrhea showed a value of p-value = 0.537, where the results of the Chi-square test was different between them. The routine exercise was related to the levels of primary dysmenorrhea pain, but the BMI was not related to the levels of primary dysmenorrhea pain. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between routine exercises with the degrees of primary dysmenorrhea pain, but no significant relationship was found between BMI and degrees of primary dysmenorrhea pain.
High-intensity interval training was more effective than moderate-intensity interval training in lowering creatine kinase and interleukin 6 levels among sports students Nurpratiwi, Resti; Suyoko, Andri; Rusdiawan, Afif; Ciptorini, Ariesia Dewi; Sidik, Muhammad Asrul; Lestari, Bhekti; Samudra, Fajar Eka; Triardhana, Yanuar; Pranoto, Adi; Andriana, Laily Mita; Kusuma, I Dewa Made Aryananda Wijaya; Ismalasari, Rini
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.253

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to prove that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to medium-intensity continuous training (MICT) in reducing creatine kinase and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in sports students after 4 weeks of exercise. Methods: The study examined the effects of two different training methods—MICT and HIIT. This study included 30 students aged 19-22 years, using a pretest-posttest control group design. Participants were randomly assigned to MICT, HIIT, or control groups (no training) and trained three times a week for four weeks. Creatine and IL-6 levels were analyzed by blood sampling. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, normality tests, and ANOVA tests to evaluate group differences. Results: HIIT was found to be more effective than MICT and the control group in reducing CK and IL-6 levels in sports students after 4 weeks of training (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The HIIT and MICT reduced creatine kinase and IL-6 levels compared to the control group, but HIIT was more effective in reducing creatine kinase and IL-6 levels than MICT in sports students after 4 weeks of exercise.
The development of a harmony multisensory space based on reminiscence therapy to improve quality of life for older adults with dementia: A qualitative study Mendrofa, Fery Agusman Motuho; Iswanti, Dwi Indah; Wulaningsih, Indah; Ernawati, Hery; Susilowati, Kristiana
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.316

Abstract

Introduction: Dementia significantly impacts elderly quality of life, necessitating innovative non-pharmacological approaches. This study aimed to identify key design elements for multisensory environments integrated with reminiscence therapy in Indonesian contexts. Methods: This qualitative study used an exploratory descriptive design through focus group discussions with 10 elderly participants, 2 family caregivers, and 5 healthcare professionals. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria established for this research protocol. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework to identify key patterns related to the development of multisensory environments. Results: This study revealed five main themes from a comprehensive data analysis of therapeutic environments for the Indonesian population. These themes are: 1) the importance of positive reminiscence triggers to effectively stimulate memory, 2) the personal space requirements for comfort and safety as essential environmental design considerations, 3) the need for multisensory integration as a critical component of therapeutic environmental interventions, 4) the vital role of family support and communication strategies in a comprehensive care approach, and 5) the relevance of cultural and spiritual considerations in design to provide contextual meaning. Conclusion: The development of Harmony multisensory spaces should integrate reminiscence therapy principles with personalized design elements, emphasizing safety parameters, comfort metrics, and cultural sensitivity to effectively improve the quality of life for elderly individuals with dementia. Implementation requires multidisciplinary collaboration between healthcare professionals, designers, and family caregivers to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Clinical efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in chronic spinal cord injury: A single-arm meta-analysis of clinical trials Wardhana, Dewa Putu Wisnu; Soetomo, Cindy Thiovany; Satyarsa, Agung Bagus Sista; Maliawan, Sri; Mahadewa, Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.318

Abstract

Background: Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to irreversible neurological deficits with limited therapeutic options, making it a major challenge in neuroregenerative medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) therapy in patients with chronic SCI using a single-arm meta-analysis. Methods: This research was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, covering studies up to August 2024 in PubMed, CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect. Included trials applied BMMSC therapy in patients ≥1 year post-injury. A random-effects model was employed using R software. Outcomes included changes in the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), infralesional voluntary muscle contraction (IVMC), active muscle reinnervation (AMR), and urodynamic parameters. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic, and study quality was evaluated via ROBINS-I. This study has been registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024577161. Results: Seven studies comprising 133 patients were included. AIS grade improvement was observed in 0.37 (95% CI: 0.24–0.52). Improvements were also seen in SSEP at 0.40 (95% CI: 0.18–0.67), MEP at 0.37 (95% CI: 0.25–0.51), IVMC at 0.47 (95% CI: 0.34–0.60), and AMR at 0.74 (95% CI: 0.39–0.92). Urodynamic outcomes demonstrated increased maximum cystometric capacity [0.48 (95% CI: 0.30–0.67)], improved bladder compliance [0.73 (95% CI: 0.55–0.85)], and reduced detrusor pressure [0.61 (95% CI: 0.43–0.76)]. Conclusion: BMMSC therapy was associated with clinically meaningful neurological and urodynamic improvements in chronic SCI. Standardized administration protocols and randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate efficacy and optimize treatment paradigms.
Development of therapy aids with electromyography technology for post-stroke patients Budi, Savitri Citra; Budi Sumanto; Lilik Dwi Setyana; Prima Asmara Sejati; Siti Alimah
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.319

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia has been increasing and has had a significant impact on individuals, families, and society. There is a pressing need for innovative assistive devices that support independent therapy and enhance patient motivation to improve post-stroke productivity. This study aimed to design and develop a post-stroke rehabilitation assistive device utilizing electromyography (EMG) technology. Methods: This study employed a research and development (R&D) design. Data were collected through documentation studies, interviews with physiotherapists, observations, and focus group discussions (FGDs). A documentation study was conducted using the medical records of stroke patients. Interviews were conducted with physiotherapists, and observations were carried out to understand patients’ therapeutic activities. Results: This study provided alternative therapy by developing post-stroke rehabilitation aids with EMG technology. Based on the documentation study, 88% of patients experienced ischemic stroke with a good level of consciousness (E4V5M6), indicated by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Conclusion: This phenomenon supported the development of electrical therapy innovations to accelerate stroke recovery. This study successfully designed a hand therapy device using EMG technology to improve patients’ motor function, particularly among those with E4V5M6 levels of consciousness and limited motor skills.

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