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Journal of Computing Theories and Applications
Published by Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30249104     DOI : 10.62411/jcta
Core Subject : Science,
Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications (JCTA) is a refereed, international journal that covers all aspects of foundations, theories and the practical applications of computer science. FREE OF CHARGE for submission and publication. All accepted articles will be published online and accessed for free. The review process is carried out rapidly, about two until three weeks, to get the first decision. The journal publishes only original research papers in the areas of, but not limited to: Artificial Intelligence Big Data Bioinformatics Biometrics Cloud Computing Computer Graphics Computer Vision Cryptography Data Mining Fuzzy Systems Game Technology Image Processing Information Security Internet of Things Intelligent Systems Machine Learning Mobile Computing Multimedia Technology Natural Language Processing Network Security Pattern Recognition Signal Processing Soft Computing Speech Processing Special emphasis is given to recent trends related to cutting-edge research within the domain. If you want to become an author(s) in this journal, you can start by accessing the About page. You can first read the Policies section to find out the policies determined by the JCTA. Then, if you submit an article, you can see the guidelines in the Author Guidelines or Author Guidelines section. Each journal submission will be made online and requires prospective authors to register and have an account to be able to submit manuscripts.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Komputer (semua kategori) - Visi Komputer dan Pengenalan Pola
Articles 128 Documents
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An Explainable Multimodal Framework for Chest X-Ray Alert Classification Using Radiology Reports and Images Edy Winarno; Indah Manfaati Nur; Abdul Karim; Saeful Amri; Ismi Elya Wirdati; Prajanto Wahyu Adi
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): JCTA 3(4) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16023

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has the potential to support radiology workflows by assisting in the identification of cases that may require additional clinical attention. However, alert-oriented medical AI systems should provide not only classification outputs but also interpretable evidence that can be reviewed and audited by clinicians. This study develops and evaluates an explainable multimodal framework for binary chest X-ray alert classification using paired radiology reports and chest X-ray images. The text branch employs TF-IDF n-gram features with a class-balanced Logistic Regression classifier, while the image branch fine-tunes a pretrained ResNet18 model. The two branches are integrated through probability-level late fusion using a validation-selected fusion weight. Explainability is implemented in a modality-specific manner: global coefficient analysis is used to identify influential textual cues, while Grad-CAM heatmaps are used to visualize salient image regions. Experiments were conducted on paired samples from the Open-i/IU X-Ray dataset using text-only, image-only, and fusion-based evaluation settings. Additional analyses include case-level complementarity analysis, bootstrap confidence intervals for ROC-AUC, shortcut-feature inspection, and qualitative Grad-CAM auditing. The results indicate that the text modality provides the dominant predictive signal under the current proxy-label setting. Late fusion produced a small descriptive improvement on the test set, increasing accuracy from 0.8533 to 0.8667, F1-score from 0.8817 to 0.8936, and ROC-AUC from 0.8936 to 0.9025 compared with the text-only baseline. However, the observed ROC-AUC improvement was not statistically conclusive based on bootstrap analysis. These findings suggest that the proposed framework is useful as a reproducible and auditable multimodal prototype, while also highlighting important limitations, including proxy-label ambiguity, potential label leakage from radiology reports, limited image-branch contribution, lack of external validation, and the need for stronger explanation and calibration assessment.
YOLOv9s with Region-Dispersion Channel Spatial Attention for Robust Chili Leaf Disease Detection Miwan Kurniawan Hidayat; Jufriadif Na'am; Ferda Ernawan
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JCTA 4(1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16046

Abstract

Abstract: Detecting chili leaf diseases remains challenging due to the non-uniform manifestation of symptoms, local discoloration, small lesion regions, and visual similarity between disease patterns and natural leaf background variations. Although YOLO-based detectors provide favorable computational efficiency, lightweight variants often struggle to distinguish subtle lesion characteristics, while conventional attention mechanisms such as CBAM primarily rely on global feature aggregation and may overlook regional activation variability. To address these limitations, this study proposes a YOLOv9s-based detection framework integrated with a Region-Dispersion Channel Spatial Attention (RDCSA) module. The proposed module incorporates regional dispersion statistics, namely mean, standard deviation, and range, as channel descriptors to capture inter-region feature variability before applying spatial attention refinement. Experiments were conducted on the COLD dataset containing 532 original images from five chili leaf condition categories using a split-before-augmentation protocol to ensure objective evaluation. RDCSA was integrated at the P5 feature level and evaluated through attention placement analysis, component-wise ablation, sensitivity analysis, stability assessment, and comparison with modern attention mechanisms. The proposed YOLOv9s + RDCSA model achieved an mAP@50 of 0.894, mAP@50–95 of 0.773, precision of 0.858, recall of 0.861, and an F1-score of 0.859 with only a marginal increase in model parameters. The results suggest that regional dispersion-based attention improves feature discrimination while preserving computational efficiency, particularly for disease symptoms characterized by heterogeneous spatial patterns. Nevertheless, performance remains influenced by visually ambiguous symptom categories, indicating that further validation across multiple datasets and field conditions is required. Overall, the proposed RDCSA module enhances detection capability without substantially increasing computational overhead, making it a promising attention mechanism for lightweight plant disease detection systems.
A Systematic Literature Review of Robustness-Aware Batik Motif Classification: Acquisition Variability, Feature Representation, and Learning Models Aji Priyambodo; R. Rizal Isnanto; Ridwan Sanjaya
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JCTA 4(1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16074

Abstract

Batik motif classification has attracted growing attention in visual computing due to its role in cultural heritage preservation, textile informatics, museum documentation, and automated cataloging. Although many studies report high classification accuracy, robustness under real-world acquisition conditions remains insufficiently understood. Batik images are frequently affected by illumination variation, blur, folds, watermark overlays, wearable deformation, scale inconsistency, and background clutter, creating challenges that extend beyond conventional image-noise assumptions. Existing studies largely focus on improving classification performance, while the interactions among acquisition variability, feature representation, evaluation practice, and deployment constraints remain fragmented. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by synthesizing batik classification research through a robustness-aware perspective. Using query expansion, backward and forward citation chaining, relevance screening, and thematic coding, 116 candidate records were identified, resulting in 50 highly relevant studies for detailed analysis. The review reveals that robustness is shaped less by denoising alone than by the combined effects of acquisition conditions, representation design, evaluation realism, and deployment context. Handcrafted descriptors remain competitive for small datasets and structured motifs due to their data efficiency and interpretability, whereas deep learning models achieve the highest reported accuracy when supported by sufficient data diversity and realistic augmentation. Hybrid representations emerge as the most consistently balanced approach, combining local texture stability with higher-level abstraction across heterogeneous acquisition settings. The review further identifies recurring robustness failure patterns, including background dependency, illumination instability, motif-scale inconsistency, wearable deformation, and source-shift vulnerability. Based on these findings, a robustness-oriented research agenda is proposed, emphasizing cross-acquisition evaluation, representation-stability analysis, batik-specific robustness benchmarks, acquisition-aware augmentation, and deployable lightweight or hybrid architectures. The study contributes a domain-specific synthesis that reframes batik motif classification from an accuracy-centric task toward a robustness-aware visual recognition problem.
Understanding Statistical and Temporal Representations for Large-Scale IoT DDoS Detection Through Ablation-Driven Analysis Daniel Nomolas Wicaksono; De Rosal Ignatius Moses Setiadi; Ajib Susanto; Imanuel Harkespan; Mohamad Afendee Mohamed; Aceng Sambas
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): JCTA 3(4) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16126

Abstract

Recent Internet of Things (IoT) intrusion detection studies have reported near-perfect benchmark performance for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) detection, yet limited attention has been given to understanding how different traffic representations contribute to the detection process under highly imbalanced traffic conditions. This study presents an ablation-driven analysis to investigate the contribution of statistical and temporal representations for large-scale IoT DDoS detection using the CICIoT2023 dataset. Three experimental scenarios are evaluated, including statistical representation, temporal sequence representation, and hybrid statistical–temporal representation. Temporal representations are learned using a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) with lag-based traffic sequences, while ensemble tree-based classifiers are employed for final classification and representation analysis. In addition, multiple ablation configurations are designed to evaluate the impact of temporal dependency modeling and feature engineering strategies on detection performance. Experimental results show that statistical traffic representations remain highly effective for DDoS detection on CICIoT2023, achieving 99.36% accuracy and 99.31% weighted F1-score in the statistical representation scenario. Feature importance analysis further indicates that engineered statistical features contribute substantially more to the classification process than CNN-based temporal representations. Although temporal modeling captures sequential traffic behavior, its contribution is relatively limited and mainly acts as a complementary representation. Furthermore, the hybrid configuration produces only marginal improvements over the statistical representation alone. These findings highlight the importance of representation-level analysis for understanding the actual contribution of statistical and temporal modeling in modern IoT intrusion detection systems beyond relying solely on benchmark accuracy.
A Composite Centrality Framework for Evacuation Planning in Meso-Scale Spatial Networks with Semi-Structured Connectivity Jaya Santoso; Ana Muliyana; Asido Saragih; Ridho Pakpahan; Debora Chrisinta
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JCTA 4(1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.15916

Abstract

Evacuation planning in spatial networks requires the identification of critical nodes that maintain connectivity, accessibility, and flow distribution during emergency situations. Existing approaches often rely on individual centrality measures, which capture only a single structural dimension of node importance and may therefore produce incomplete or biased prioritization. To address this limitation, this study proposes a Composite Centrality Framework for identifying critical nodes in meso-scale spatial networks with semi-structured connectivity. The network is modeled as a weighted undirected graph, and Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness Centrality are integrated into a unified composite index to capture complementary structural roles. The framework is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated using a real-world campus spatial network consisting of 30 nodes and a synthetic network comprising 16 nodes with comparable structural characteristics. The results reveal a highly uneven distribution of node importance, with a small set of structurally dominant nodes consistently identified across both networks. In the campus network, node P1 achieves the highest composite centrality score (0.2195) and ranks first across the individual centrality measures, indicating its dominant role in maintaining network connectivity, accessibility, and flow distribution. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates strong agreement between the composite ranking and the individual measures, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.89, and 0.91 for Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness Centrality, respectively. However, only one node (P1) appears simultaneously in the top five of all rankings, highlighting the complementary nature of the individual centrality measures and supporting the need for multi-criteria integration. Sensitivity analysis across three weighting scenarios yields rank correlations exceeding 0.97, confirming ranking stability and methodological robustness. Overall, the proposed framework provides a balanced and reliable approach for identifying critical nodes and demonstrates potential applicability to evacuation planning and spatial network analysis in semi-structured environments.
A Systematic Review of Agentic AI in Healthcare: An Evidence-Informed Seven-Principle Framework Chandra Prakash; Avneesh Sisodia; Mary Lind
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JCTA 4(1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16171

Abstract

Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of autonomous goal-directed behavior, multi-step planning, tool use, multi-agent coordination, and iterative self-correction represent a transition from passive clinical AI tools toward systems that can participate in complex healthcare workflows. However, empirical evidence remains fragmented across clinical decision support, patient monitoring, and administrative applications, and no systematic synthesis has evaluated which agentic principles have been technically demonstrated and which have accumulated sufficient evidence to support responsible clinical deployment. We conducted a PRISMA-informed systematic review of peer-reviewed empirical studies published between January 2025 and April 2026. Searches across five bibliographic databases and Google Scholar, supplemented by citation tracking, identified 443 unique records for screening, of which 25 met the predefined PICOS and quality appraisal criteria. Evidence was synthesized using an evidence-informed seven-principle framework derived from the integration of agentic AI, clinical AI, and healthcare governance literature. This framework provides a structured lens for examining how agentic principles are evaluated individually and in combination, enabling a deployment-readiness perspective that extends beyond capability-focused assessments alone. The evidence base was concentrated on technical capability principles, whereas human oversight, safety, compliance, and equity-related evaluation received comparatively limited attention. Most studies remained at the laboratory, benchmark, or proof-of-concept stage, and none reported demographic-stratified performance outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest a structural asymmetry in agentic healthcare AI: empirical research is advancing agentic capabilities more rapidly than it is generating evidence for the oversight, safety, equity, and governance mechanisms required for responsible clinical translation.
AN-RPL: Infrastructure-Assisted RPL Enhancement via Distributed Anchor Nodes for Mobile IoT Networks Thang C. Vu; Minh T. Nguyen; Mui D. Nguyen; Long Q. Dinh; Dung T. Nguyen; Duc M. Ngo
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JCTA 4(1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16184

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted significant attention from the research community due to its wide range of applications. However, the limited energy, processing capability, storage, and communication capacity of IoT devices require routing solutions that are both lightweight and efficient. To address these constraints, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was introduced in 2012 as a routing protocol specifically designed for resource-constrained IoT environments. Although RPL performs reliably in static deployments, its performance degrades considerably in mobile environments because of frequent topology changes, slow Trickle timer convergence, and excessive parent churn. This paper proposes Anchor-Node RPL (AN-RPL), an infrastructure-assisted enhancement of RPL that strategically deploys distributed fixed anchor nodes as stable DODAG roots while requiring only minimal firmware modification on mobile sensor nodes, namely a single anchor-flag check during parent selection. Simulation experiments conducted in Cooja using both OF0 and MRHOF objective functions across four scenarios (static, mobile with one, two, and four anchor nodes) demonstrate that AN-RPL with four anchor nodes improves the Data Delivery Ratio (DDR) by up to 30.6 percentage points, reduces the average hop count by up to 51.2%, lowers parent churn by up to 89.5%, and decreases average energy consumption by up to 14.8% compared with conventional single-root mobile RPL. These results demonstrate that infrastructure-assisted anchor deployment provides an effective and practical approach for improving routing reliability and efficiency in mobile RPL-based IoT networks.
Sentence-Level Sentiment Analysis of Indonesian App Reviews Using IndoBERTweet Inge Najwa Aqiilah; Ristu Saptono; Akhmad Syaifuddin
Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JCTA 4(1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/jcta.16240

Abstract

Document-level sentiment analysis assigns a single polarity label to an entire review, often obscuring opinion diversity within multi-sentence submissions. This limitation is particularly evident in reviews of multi-service platforms, where users frequently express heterogeneous opinions toward different aspects of the platform in the same review. To address this challenge, this study proposes a sentence-level sentiment analysis framework for Indonesian Gojek app reviews collected from the Google Play Store. The proposed framework introduces a two-stage segmentation strategy that combines punctuation-aware rules with conjunction-aware splitting based on coordinating and adversative conjunctions (e.g., tapi [but], padahal [even though]) to identify opinion boundaries and decompose mixed-sentiment reviews into independently classifiable sentence units. A total of 14,730 raw reviews collected between May and July 2025 were subjected to data cleaning and quality filtering, resulting in 7,187 valid reviews that were further segmented into 14,187 sentence-level instances. Each instance was manually annotated by three annotators using a four-class labeling scheme consisting of app-positive, app-negative, app-neutral, and service categories. Sentiment-level inter-annotator agreement, computed on the subset of instances unanimously categorized as app-related by all three annotators (n = 4,384), achieved substantial agreement (Fleiss'  = 0.636). Hyperparameter optimization was conducted using Optuna with the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) sampler across four experimental scenarios. The best performance was achieved by IndoBERTweet under Stratified K-Fold evaluation, attaining an accuracy of 0.751 and a macro F1-score of 0.729, outperforming all IndoBERT configurations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of domain-adaptive pre-training on informal Indonesian text and highlight the value of conjunction-aware segmentation for preserving fine-grained opinion structures in mixed-sentiment reviews. These findings suggest that domain-aligned language representations provide a practical and effective solution for sentence-level sentiment analysis of Indonesian app reviews.

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