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Sinergi International Journal of Law
Published by YAYASAN SINERGI KAWULA MUDA
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30217989     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61194/law
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Sinergi International Journal of Law with ISSN Number 3021-7989 (Online) published by Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda, published original scholarly papers across the whole spectrum of law. The journal attempts to assist in the understanding of the present and potential ability of law to aid in the recording and interpretation of international law practices.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 73 Documents
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AI as Creator Debate: A Comparative Study of Regulations in Indonesia and the UK Alief Qurratul 'Ain Musafa'
Sinergi International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/law.v4i1.955

Abstract

The concept of creator in copyright law, which has historically been associated with human creativity, is called into question by the growth of (Artificial Intelligence) in the creation of creative works. This essay discusses three primary subjects: (1) how AI regulation is governed by Indonesian law; (2) how AI regulation is governed by English law; and (3) what kind of legal protection is available for works created by AI. The purpose of this study is to examine how each legal system handles works created by artificial intelligence, particularly with regard to identifying creators and copyright protection procedures. By examining Law Number 28 of 2014 governing copyright in Indonesia and the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 in the UK, normative legal research with a comparative perspective is employed. The study's findings demonstrate that Indonesian law still bases creator recognition on human creative contributions. In contrast, the UK does not recognize AI as a legal subject and instead grants creator status to the entity who makes the required arrangements for the creation process. This comparison highlights the fact that attribution of rights to the human creators who oversee the creative process can accomplish acknowledgment of AI works without necessarily requiring recognition of the AI as creator. This essay suggests a more flexible normative approach to AI-generated works in order to improve Indonesian copyright law.The concept of creator in copyright law, which has historically been associated with human creativity, is called into question by the growth of (Artificial Intelligence) in the creation of creative works. This essay discusses three primary subjects: (1) how AI regulation is governed by Indonesian law; (2) how AI regulation is governed by English law; and (3) what kind of legal protection is available for works created by AI. The purpose of this study is to examine how each legal system handles works created by artificial intelligence, particularly with regard to identifying creators and copyright protection procedures. By examining Law Number 28 of 2014 governing copyright in Indonesia and the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 in the UK, normative legal research with a comparative perspective is employed. The study's findings demonstrate that Indonesian law still bases creator recognition on human creative contributions. In contrast, the UK does not recognize AI as a legal subject and instead grants creator status to the entity who makes the required arrangements for the creation process. This comparison highlights the fact that attribution of rights to the human creators who oversee the creative process can accomplish acknowledgment of AI works without necessarily requiring recognition of the AI as creator. This essay suggests a more flexible normative approach to AI-generated works in order to improve Indonesian copyright law.
Ethical Discretion in Medical Record Disclosure: Legal Protection for Doctors in Acute Appendicitis Cases James Davidta Ginting; Oksidelfa Yanto; Agus Purwanto
Sinergi International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/law.v4i2.852

Abstract

Medical confidentiality is a fundamental duty for physicians, and disclosing patient records is generally prohibited by law and professional ethics. However, life-threatening emergencies raise the question of whether such disclosure can be legally justified to protect a patient’s life. This study examines how Indonesian law addresses this dilemma and whether physicians have a defensible legal basis for disclosure in emergency situations. Using a normative juridical approach that reviews legislation, scholarly writings, and ethical guidelines, the research finds that Indonesian statutory law does not yet clearly regulate discretionary disclosure by physicians in conscious emergency refusal situations. As a result, physicians who disclose records to manage emergencies face uncertain legal protection. Nonetheless, interpretive principles such as lex specialis and the maxim salus populi suprema lex esto may justify limited disclosure when the goal is life preservation. Within this framework, disclosure may be considered lawful if proportional, narrowly confined to the emergency, and properly documented. The study concludes that clearer statutory provisions are needed to establish exceptions to confidentiality in emergencies. Such reforms would enhance legal certainty and strengthen protection for medical personnel who act in good faith, balancing ethical obligations with humanitarian imperatives.
Legal Validity of Digital Contracts in Indonesian Business Transactions: A Normative Study of the Civil Code and Electronic Information and Transactions Law Vivi Sylvia Purborini; Suryaningsih
Sinergi International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/law.v4i2.1032

Abstract

The development of digital business transactions in Indonesia has changed the way contracts are made, from written paper agreements to electronic agreements. This change raises legal questions about whether digital contracts are valid, enforceable, and able to provide legal certainty under Indonesian civil law. This article examines the validity of digital contracts based on Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Previous studies have discussed electronic contracts in e-commerce, electronic documents as evidence, and the recognition of digital agreements in Indonesian law. However, these studies have not clearly explained how each requirement of contract validity applies to digital business contracts. This article fills that gap by discussing electronic consent, legal capacity, clear contractual objects, lawful causes, authentication, and the reliability of electronic evidence. This study uses a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis shows that digital contracts are valid as long as they meet the requirements of Article 1320 of the Civil Code and are supported by the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Even so, several legal problems remain, especially in proving consent, verifying the identity and capacity of the parties, protecting the integrity of electronic records, and handling cross-border digital transactions. This article concludes that Indonesian civil law can accommodate digital contracts, but clearer legal interpretation and better regulatory harmony are needed to strengthen legal certainty in modern business transactions.

Page 8 of 8 | Total Record : 73

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