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Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Published by Al-Makki Publisher
ISSN : 30256518     EISSN : 30250501     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health Veterinary
l Makki Health Informatics Journal is an open-access scientific peer-review journal publishing. The Al Makki Health Informatics Journal focuses on exchanging information relating to intelligent computing and health informatics applied in industry, hospitals, government, and universities. All articles should include a validation of the idea presented, e.g. through case studies, experiments, or systematic comparisons with other approaches already in practice. Two types of papers are accepted: (1) A short paper that discusses a single contribution to a specific new trend or a new idea, and; (2) A long paper that provides a survey of a specific research trend using a systematic literature review (SLR) method, as well as a traditional review method. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Electronic health record E-Health Information Medical Image Processing & Techniques Data Mining in Healthcare Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Mobile applications for patient care Medical Image Processing & Techniques Hospital information systems Document handling systems Electronic medical record systems Standardization, and systems integration ICT in health promotion programmes e-health Guidelines and protocols E-learning & education in healthcare Telemedicine Software- Portals-Devices & Telehealth Public health & consumer informatics Data Mining & Knowledge Discovery in Medicine ICT for Patient empowerment ICT for Patient safety Medical Databanks-Databases & Knowledge Bases Healthcare Quality assurance Nursing Informatics Evaluation & Technology Assessment Home-based eHealth Health Management Issues Health Research Health Economics Issues Statistical Method for Computer Medical Decision Support Systems Medical Informatics or medicine in general Organizational, economic, social, clinical impact, ethical and cost-benefit aspects of IT applications in health care.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Terminologi Medis
Articles 81 Documents
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HIV/AIDS Young Adult with Diabetes Mellitus Presenting with Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Pneumonia Hypokalemia and Atrial Fibrillation : A Rare Case Report Putri, Hesti Andika; Febryan, Reza
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i4.57

Abstract

Pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM) represent complex clinical challenges, particularly in young adults. Hypokalemia and cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) may further worsen the prognosis in these conditions. Recent studies have highlighted the association between TB, pneumonia, and AF, suggesting an increased risk of systemic inflammation and electrolyte disturbances. We report and analyze a rare case of a young male patient with a unique combination of HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, clinical pulmonary TB, pneumonia, hypokalemia, and atrial fibrillation. This is a descriptive case report study. Data were collected through history taking, physical examination, supporting investigations, and management during hospitalization. A 25-year-old male presented with shortness of breath for one day, a history of cough for more than three months, weight loss, fever, and a history of insulin use five years prior. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and oral candidiasis; no other abnormalities were found. Laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 10.8 g/dL, leukocytes 8,280/µL, platelets 296,000/µL, MCV 89.4 fL, MCHC 33.9 g/dL, HbA1c 8.4%, potassium 2.7 mmol/L, lymphocytes 6.6%, and reactive results for HIV qualitative testing (R1, R2, R3). Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed atrial fibrillation with normal ventricular response. Chest X-ray revealed normal cardiac size and findings suggestive of bronchitis and suspected pneumonia. Thoracic CT scan with and without contrast demonstrated features consistent with pneumonia and multiple bilateral paratracheal and subcarinal lymphadenopathy. This case highlights the need for multidisciplinary management involving anesthesiology, pulmonology, internal medicine, cardiology, and pharmacy to ensure comprehensive care and optimize clinical outcomes, while preventing potentially fatal complications.
The Effect Of N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, And Water Fractions Of Peanut Seeds (Arachis Hypogaea L.) On Antioxidant Activity With The Dpph Method Retno, Kumoro; Liandhajani, Liandhajani; Putra, Andriansyah Mas Jaya
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i4.58

Abstract

Free radicals are one of the causes of various degenerative diseases, for example cardiovascular, high blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, cataracts, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Antioxidants are compounds that can absorb or neutralize free radicals so that they are able to prevent disease due to damage to body cells, one of the plants that can be used as a natural source of antioxidants is peanut seeds. Peanut seeds contain flavonoid compounds that have the ability to act as antioxidants. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of antioxidant activity, maximum concentration, EC50(ppm), and differences in antioxidant activity of n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction in peanut seeds in vitro. The method used in peanut seed extraction is remaceration with 96% ethanol solvent for 3 days. This study used solvents of n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. Fractionation process for separation of compounds. The results of each fraction were tested by phytochemical screening and tested by thin layer chromatography (KLT). Quantitative analysis of antioxidants using the DPPH method at a maximum wavelength of 517.5 nm. The results of the study showed that the average yield from the extract was 24.15%. The n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of peanut seed extract were 20.33%, 25.61%, 33.28%, respectively. The results of phytochemical screening obtained the results that were positive for flavonoids containing antioxidants in vitro. An average of EC50(ppm) was obtained in the standard quercetin, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction of 12.02 ppm; 10.62 ppm; 12.25 ppm; 11.75 ppm. The results of the statistical test according to ANAVA I showed that the significance was more than 0.05 which was 0.105 so that it can be concluded that the difference was not significant between the concentration groups of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions of peanut seed extract in invitro antioxidant activity.
The Role Of Wearable Devices Technology In Monitoring Heart Health In The Elderly In Indonesia Sumiyati, Sumiyati
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i2.62

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in the world, including in Indonesia, with an increasing prevalence in the elderly. Limited access to health services, low digital literacy, and limited medical personnel in rural areas add to the complexity of heart health problems. This study aims to explore the role of wearable devices technology in monitoring heart health in the elderly in Indonesia. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research subjects consisted of 12 elderly people aged 60–75 years, 5 family members, and 3 health workers in the city of Bandung and Cirebon Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, simple questionnaires, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the majority of the elderly consider wearable devices useful in early detection of heart symptoms, increasing health awareness, and providing a sense of security for families. The main obstacles identified include low digital literacy (42%), device costs (33%), and inconvenience of use (25%). Seniors who live with their families are more compliant with devices than those who live alone. This study confirms that the effectiveness of wearable devices is influenced by social, economic, and cultural factors. With the support of families, health workers, and inclusive public policies, this technology has the potential to strengthen the digital transformation of elderly health services in Indonesia.
PFAS Exposure in Consumer Products and the Risk of Recurrent Miscarriage: A Clinical Study and Health Policy Implications Fauzia, Eva
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i2.63

Abstract

Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from everyday consumer products has become a global issue of concern due to its persistent chemical properties and negative impact on reproductive health. This study aims to analyze the association between PFAS exposure and the risk of recurrent miscarriage in women of reproductive age in urban areas of Indonesia and examine the implications of public health policies. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a clinical case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with hospital management, questionnaires to licensed medical personnel, field observations in respondents' households, and analysis of medical documents. The results showed that the majority of respondents were exposed to PFAS through various channels, such as the use of non-stick pans (73%), the consumption of fast food with plastic-coated packaging (67%), household cleaning products (80%), and drinking water in plastic packaging (100%). Interviews with hospital management indicate an increase in cases of recurrent miscarriages that cannot be medically explained, while medical personnel emphasize the need for PFAS regulation. These findings are in line with global research, but reveal gap research and gap policies in Indonesia. This study emphasizes the urgency of integrating environmental factors in clinical assessments and the preparation of national regulations to reduce PFAS exposure, as well as providing practical recommendations for the public in choosing safer products.
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections among Outdoor Workers Sumiyati, Sumiyati
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i4.65

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of ambient air pollution exposure on the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among outdoor workers. Given the increasing urban air pollution levels in Indonesia, outdoor laborers such as street vendors, construction workers, and traffic police represent a vulnerable population with prolonged exposure to hazardous air pollutants. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 300 outdoor workers in three urban areas with varying pollution levels. Air quality data, including concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), were obtained from local monitoring stations. Health outcomes were assessed through standardized questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and medical history, alongside clinical examinations conducted by health professionals. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between exposure levels and ARI prevalence, controlling for confounders such as age, smoking habits, and socioeconomic status. The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of ARI among outdoor workers in high-pollution areas compared to those in lower-pollution regions (37.2% vs. 18.9%; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that exposure to elevated PM2.5 levels was strongly associated with increased risk of ARI (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.52–3.82). Smoking and low socioeconomic status were also identified as contributing risk factors, though air pollution remained the strongest predictor. Air pollution substantially elevates the risk of ARI among outdoor workers. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted occupational health interventions, improved air quality policies, and the provision of personal protective measures to safeguard vulnerable populations.
Patient Experience With Side Effects Of Chemotherapy Drugs In Hospital Oncology Facilities Marella, Ina Marella
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i4.66

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with an ever-increasing incidence. Based on GLOBOCAN 2022 data, more than 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths were recorded globally, with a projected increase of up to 28.4 million cases by 2040. This study aims to explore and describe the subjective experience of patients in dealing with chemotherapy side effects in the Oncology Installation of Hospital X. The method used is a qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological design, involving 15 patients who meet the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and semi-structured questionnaires. The results showed that nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects (93%, severity score 7.8), followed by fatigue (87%, 8.2) and hair loss (80%, 6.5). Family support has been shown to affect patients' ability to manage symptoms, while limited pre-chemotherapy education and the number of clinical pharmacists are barriers to treatment. In conclusion, the treatment of chemotherapy patients requires a holistic approach based on patient-centered care that integrates physical, psychological, and social aspects, as well as the strengthening of educational and clinical pharmacy services to improve the patient's quality of life during therapy.
Bioinformatics in Genomic Analysis: Opportunities and Challenges of Leveraging Big Data for Personalized Medicine Sidik, Dikdik Abdulah
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i3.67

Abstract

Advances in bioinformatics and genomics technology have created great opportunities in realizing personalized medicine. This study aims to analyze the role of bioinformatics in the use of genomic big data, emphasizing the opportunities, challenges, and integration strategies needed. The research method used is qualitative with an exploratory approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and documentation studies, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study show that bioinformatics offers a variety of opportunities, such as the utilization of pharmacogenomics for drug response prediction, disease biomarker identification, multi-omics data integration, machine learning algorithm development, and early detection of genetic diseases. However, a number of challenges still hinder implementation, including genomic data privacy and security issues, limited computing infrastructure, lack of interdisciplinary human resources, lack of standardization of data formats, and regulatory and policy barriers. This research also emphasizes the importance of the strategy of integrating bioinformatics and big data through strengthening technological infrastructure, global data standardization, the use of artificial intelligence, privacy protection based on adaptive regulations, international collaboration, and the development of interdisciplinary education. The implications of this research not only enrich the academic literature, but also provide a practical basis for the formulation of more precise and equitable health policies. Thus, this study confirms that the use of bioinformatics is a strategic path towards the transformation of data-based health services, which is oriented to individual needs while maintaining the ethics and sustainability of the health system.
Health Informatics-Based Telecounseling Innovation in Mental Health Services Rahmadhina, Alifa S
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/3e3z2n84

Abstract

Arjadi, R., Kusumawardhani, S. J., Purnomo, N., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). Benefits and challenges in implementing online mental health consultation in Indonesia: Survey in practitioners. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology, 10(2), 284–299. DTO Kemenkes RI. (2024). Reflecting the mental health situation in Indonesia with SATUSEHAT. Medium. https://medium.com/@dtokemkes/reflecting-mental-health-situation-in-indonesia-with-satusehat Geraldina, A. M., Suen, M. W., & Suanrueang, P. (2023). Online mental health services during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Challenges from psychologist perspective. PLoS ONE, 18(6), e0285490. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285490 Lim, C. T., & Fuchs, C. (2024). Integrated digital mental health care: A vision for addressing population mental health needs. International Journal of General Medicine, 17, 359-365. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S449474 Munira, L., Liamputtong, P., & Viwattanakulvanid, P. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to access mental health services among people with mental disorders in Indonesia: A qualitative study. Belitung Nursing Journal, 9(2), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2521 Ospina-Pinillos, L., et al. (2025). Co-designing, developing, and testing a mental health platform for young people using a participatory design methodology in Colombia: Mixed methods study. JMIR Human Factors, 12(1), e66558. https://doi.org/10.2196/66558 Saptandari, E. W. (2020). Covid-19 and mental health: The growing need of telecounseling in Indonesia. Buletin Psikologi, 28(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.59542 Thakkar, A., Gupta, A., & De Sousa, A. (2024). Artificial intelligence in positive mental health: A narrative review. Frontiers in Digital Health, 6, 1280235. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2024.1280235 Torous, J., Linardon, J., Goldberg, S. B., et al. (2025). The evolving field of digital mental health: Current evidence and implementation issues for smartphone apps, generative artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. World Psychiatry, 24(2), 156-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21299 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. Moran, N., & O'Brien, N. (2022). System Usability Scale benchmarking for digital health apps: Meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 10(8), e37290. Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., et al. (2021). A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ, 374, n2061. Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268-274. Bangor, A., Kortum, P., & Miller, J. (2009). Determining what individual SUS scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale. Journal of Usability Studies, 4(3), 114-123. Berardi, C., Hine, M., Bélanger, F., & Bhatikar, S. (2024). Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of digital technologies in mental healthcare systems: A qualitative systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 24, 243. Chen, Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2024). Effectiveness of telemedicine on common mental disorders: An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 157, 108236. Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., de Wit, L., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The effects of fifteen evidence-supported therapies for adult depression: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy Research, 30(3), 279-293. DTO Kemenkes RI. (2024). Reflecting mental health situation in Indonesia with SATUSEHAT. Medium. https://medium.com/@dtokemkes Fischer-Grote, L., Fössing, V., Aigner, M., Fehrmann, E., & Boeckle, M. (2024). Effectiveness of online and remote interventions for mental health in children, adolescents, and young adults after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e46637. Greenwood, H., Krzyzaniak, N., Peiris, R., et al. (2022). Telehealth versus face-to-face psychotherapy for less common mental health conditions: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR Mental Health, 9(3), e31780. He, Y., Chen, J., & Wang, X. (2023). Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being. npj Digital Medicine, 6, 236. Lewis, C. C., Boyd, M., Puspitasari, A., et al. (2019). Implementing measurement-based care in behavioral health: A review. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(3), 324-335. Linardon, J., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020). Attrition and adherence in smartphone-delivered interventions for mental health problems: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88(1), 1-13. Moran, N., & O'Brien, N. (2022). System Usability Scale benchmarking for digital health apps: Meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 10(8), e37290. Munira, L., Liamputtong, P., & Viwattanakulvanid, P. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to access mental health services among people with mental disorders in Indonesia: A qualitative study. Belitung Nursing Journal, 9(2), 110-117. Ospina-Pinillos, L., Shambo-Rodríguez, D. L., Sánchez-Nítola, M. N., et al. (2025). Co-designing, developing, and testing a mental health platform for young people using a participatory design methodology in Colombia: Mixed methods study. JMIR Human Factors, 12(1), e66558. Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., et al. (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553-1598. Rutter, T. L., Saris, I. M., Loeffen, C., et al. (2024). The association between quality of therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes in teletherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 110, 102426. Simpson, S. G., Reid, C. L., & Richardson, L. K. (2019). Videoconference-based psychotherapy: A review of the literature. In J. Practical Telehealth (Eds.), Telemental Health (pp. 45-68). Springer. Simpson, S., Richardson, L., Pietrabissa, G., Castelnuovo, G., & Reid, C. (2021). Videotherapy and therapeutic alliance in the age of COVID-19. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(2), 409-421. Torous, J., Linardon, J., Goldberg, S. B., et al. (2025). The evolving field of digital mental health: Current evidence and implementation issues for smartphone apps, generative artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. World Psychiatry, 24(2), 156-174. Välimäki, M., Anttila, K., Anttila, M., & Lahti, M. (2023). Factors affecting digital tool use in client interaction according to mental health professionals: Interview study. JMIR Human Factors, 10, e44681. Wani, C., McCann, L., Lennon, M., & Radu, C. (2024). Digital mental health interventions for adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e51376. World Health Organization. (2024). Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models. WHO. Yew, S. Q., Trivedi, D., Adanan, N. I. H., & Chew, B. H. (2025). Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of digital health technologies in hospital settings in lower- and middle-income countries since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27(1), e63482. Zayed, M., Ibrahim, A., & Hassan, M. (2024). Acceptability of tele-mental health services among users: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24, 1012.
Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Experiences in Managing Diet during the COVID-19 Pandemic Kholipah, Siti Ainul; Ela, Nur; Wijaya, Abi Surya
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/rtzcrx23

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes in people's lives, especially for patients with chronic diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Consistent diet management is an important component of DM control, but the pandemic situation presents new challenges. This study aims to explore the experiences of DM patients in managing their diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and observations of seven purposively selected type 2 DM patients. The results of the study showed that the majority of patients had difficulty maintaining a regular diet due to limited access to healthy food, psychological pressure, and changes in daily routines. Family support helps maintain dietary discipline, while nutritional counseling services have been very limited during the pandemic. The average score of the questionnaire showed low consistency in the consumption of vegetables and fruits, as well as the low frequency of nutritional consultations. Observations of the home environment also show the dominance of instant food and a lack of healthy meal planning. In conclusion, the pandemic exacerbated the dietary management challenges in DM patients. Community-based interventions, sustainable nutrition education, and family involvement are needed to support effective management of DM in times of crisis.
Patient Experience with Side Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs in Hospital Oncology Installations Ela, Nur; Kholipah, Siti Ainul; Wijaya, Abi Surya
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/56q1kz56

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with an ever-increasing incidence. Based on GLOBOCAN 2022 data, more than 20 million new cases of cancer and 9.7 million deaths were recorded globally, with a projected increase of up to 28.4 million cases by 2040. This study aims to explore and describe the subjective experience of patients in dealing with chemotherapy side effects in the Oncology Installation of Hospital X. The method used is a qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological design, involving 15 patients who meet the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and semi-structured questionnaires. The results showed that nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects (93%, severity score 7.8), followed by fatigue (87%, 8.2) and hair loss (80%, 6.5). Family support has been shown to affect patients' ability to manage symptoms, while limited pre-chemotherapy education and the number of clinical pharmacists are barriers to treatment. In conclusion, the treatment of chemotherapy patients requires a holistic approach based on patient-centered care that integrates physical, psychological, and social aspects, as well as strengthening education and clinical pharmacy services to improve the patient's quality of life during therapy.

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