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Environmental and Materials
Published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30250277     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Physics
The Environmental and Materials Journal (EAM) is a biannual journal published by the Institute for Advanced Social, Science, and Sustainable Future, Indonesia. This journal is dedicated to issue the most substantial and advanced of original and review articles related with the environmental issues and its related materials. Each submitted article will be carefully and thoroughly examined by a group of professional editors. The Earth’s changing climate and environmental issues need to be urgently addressed and it is a serious challenge for the scientific world. In this regards, the Environmental and Materials Journal seeks to publish high quality articles discussing the environmental problems and the related materials as well as the developed materials to solve the environmental problems. The subjects covered in this journal are: - Environmental issues and its management - Pollutant materials - Material sciences related to the environmental problems solving
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Ilmu Lingkungan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 30 Documents
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A review of photoelectrochemical water oxidation using hematite photoanode Bodro, Odilia Galuh Ismoyo; Maulana, Ilham Aksan
Environmental and Materials Vol. 2 No. 2: (December) 2024
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v2i2.2024.1368

Abstract

Background: The sun, as an abundant and renewable energy source, provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which contribute significantly to CO₂ emissions and global warming. With CO₂ emissions surpassing 35 billion tons in 2023, the need for clean energy solutions has become increasingly urgent. Solar energy utilization includes photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, where hematite is widely recognized as an efficient photoanode material due to its availability, stability, and favorable band gap for visible light absorption. However, hematite faces challenges such as poor conductivity, surface recombination, and slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, which limit its performance. Methods: This review examines various strategies to enhance hematite photoanode performance for PEC water splitting. The study explores three key approaches: (1) using three-dimensional conductive substrates with high surface area to facilitate heterojunction formation, (2) doping with tetravalent metal ions (e.g., Ti⁴⁺) to improve conductivity and charge carrier density, and (3) integrating Bi₂WO₆ with hematite to enhance charge separation and photoelectrochemical efficiency. The hydrothermal method was applied for hematite fabrication due to its feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Findings: The analysis highlights the effectiveness of each strategy in overcoming hematite’s inherent limitations. The use of 3D conductive substrates improves electron transport and surface reaction sites, while Ti⁴⁺ doping enhances charge carrier density and conductivity. Conclusion: Hematite remains a promising photoanode material for PEC water splitting, but its limitations must be addressed to maximize efficiency. The combination of 3D conductive substrates, metal ion doping, and Bi₂WO₆ integration has shown potential in improving hematite’s photoelectrochemical performance. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of hematite performance enhancement strategies, focusing on the synergistic effects of 3D conductive substrates, Ti⁴⁺ doping, and Bi₂WO₆ integration. 
The effect of acetylcholine immobilization on the electrochemical properties of thiocholine on boron-doped diamond electrode for chlorpyrifos sensor Atriardi, Shafrizal Rasyid; Hani, Adinda Muthia; Putri, Gadis
Environmental and Materials Vol. 2 No. 2: (December) 2024
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v2i2.2024.1414

Abstract

Background: The inhibition reactions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) have been studied to develop chlorpyrifos biosensors. The performance of AChE, both as a free enzyme and when immobilized on avidin-functionalized magnetic beads (aMB), was evaluated for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. Detection was conducted through the oxidation of thiocholine on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode surface. Methods: The study compared the performance of free and immobilized AChE by analyzing their ability to oxidize thiocholine on the BDD electrode surface. The inhibitory effects of chlorpyrifos were assessed by determining IC10 and IC50 values for both enzyme forms. Additionally, the influence of metal ions (Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺) on AChE activity was investigated to evaluate interference effects. Findings: Free AChE demonstrated superior performance in thiocholine oxidation compared to the immobilized enzyme. In chlorpyrifos detection, free AChE exhibited a significantly lower IC10 value (3.44 × 10⁻⁶ mM) compared to immobilized AChE (12.9 × 10⁻⁶ mM), and its IC50 value (3.8 × 10⁻⁴ mM) was approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of the immobilized AChE (5.18 mM). Furthermore, AChE exhibited resistance to metal ion interference, with signal losses of 48.7% and 40.8% in the presence of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions, respectively. These findings indicate that the immobilization of AChE must be carefully optimized for effective sensor application. Conclusion: The study highlights the superior performance of free AChE in chlorpyrifos detection compared to its immobilized counterpart. Immobilization significantly affects enzyme sensitivity, resulting in higher inhibitory concentration values. Additionally, AChE demonstrated notable resistance to interference from metal ions. These results emphasize the need for careful consideration when immobilizing AChE for sensor applications. Novelty/Originality or this article: This study provides a detailed comparison between free and immobilized AChE in chlorpyrifos biosensing, highlighting the impact of immobilization on enzyme sensitivity and performance. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient biosensors by emphasizing the importance of optimizing enzyme immobilization strategies.
Amine-modified Ni-DOBDC MOF for CO2 capture: CO2 adsorption capacity and reusability Fahriansyah, Irsan; Khatrin, Irena; Abdullah, Iman; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih
Environmental and Materials Vol. 2 No. 2: (December) 2024
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v2i2.2024.1431

Abstract

Background: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have risen significantly due to the extensive use of fossil fuels, necessitating the development of effective CO₂ capture and conversion techniques. Adsorption using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) has shown great potential due to their high CO₂ adsorption capacity, particularly Ni-based MOFs. Enhancing their adsorption efficiency remains a key research focus to improve sustainability in CO₂ capture applications. Methods: Ni-based MOF (Ni-DOBDC) was synthesized using the solvothermal method, employing DMF as the solvent and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DOBDC) as the organic ligand. To enhance CO₂ adsorption capacity, Ni-DOBDC was further modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) via post-synthetic modification. Structural characterization was performed using XRD, confirming similarity to the Ni-DOBDC reference (CCDC 288477), and FTIR, which showed enhanced absorbance peaks. SEM-EDX analysis revealed a flower-like morphology with an average particle size of 0.75 μm. CO₂ adsorption tests were conducted on Ni-DOBDC and EDA/Ni-DOBDC (10%) using the titration method under controlled conditions. Findings: The CO₂ adsorption capacity of Ni-DOBDC and EDA/Ni-DOBDC was tested at 70°C with a CO₂ concentration of 50% in N₂. EDA modification significantly improved CO₂ adsorption capacity, with EDA/Ni-DOBDC achieving 9.95 mmol g⁻¹ compared to pristine Ni-DOBDC’s 6.44 mmol g⁻¹. However, Ni-DOBDC exhibited better regeneration ability in a three-cycle reusability test, likely due to EDA leaching during regeneration. Conclusion:  EDA-modified Ni-DOBDC demonstrates enhanced CO₂ adsorption capacity, making it a promising material for CO₂ capture applications. However, its reduced regeneration stability suggests the need for further optimization to improve long-term performance. Future studies should explore strategies to minimize EDA leaching while maintaining high adsorption efficiency. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides new insights into improving Ni-based MOF performance for CO₂ capture through post-synthetic modification with EDA. The findings highlight a trade-off between increased adsorption capacity and material stability, emphasizing the need for further refinement in MOF functionalization strategies.
Analysis of microbial diversity in pesticide-contaminated soil: A study of culturable microorganisms Lamuka, Andre Putra; Aliwu, Putri Liani
Environmental and Materials Vol. 2 No. 2: (December) 2024
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v2i2.2024.1435

Abstract

Background: Pesticide contamination of soil often leads to significant alterations in the structure and diversity of microbial communities, potentially affecting overall ecosystem function. Understanding these changes is crucial for assessing the ecological impact of pesticide use in agricultural areas. This study analyzes microbial diversity in pesticide-contaminated soil using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index to evaluate the effects of pesticide exposure on microbial populations. Methods: A descriptive quantitative approach was used, incorporating the Total Plate Count (TPC) test and Shannon-Wiener Index analysis. The numerical data included the number of microbial individuals (bacteria and fungi) and the relative proportion of each group. Soil samples were purposively collected from three points in a pesticide-contaminated tomato farming area in Dunggala Village, Gorontalo Regency. Findings: The microbial community detected in the contaminated soil consisted of bacteria (2.5×10⁴ CFU/ml) and fungi (1.35×10³ CFU/ml). The Shannon-Wiener index value was 0.202, indicating low microbial diversity. This suggests that pesticide contamination negatively impacts microbial richness and evenness in the soil. Conclusion: Pesticide contamination significantly reduces microbial diversity, as reflected in the low Shannon-Wiener index value. This decline in microbial richness and evenness highlights the potential ecological consequences of pesticide use in agriculture. To mitigate these negative effects, implementing sustainable pest management practices, such as the use of biopesticides, is recommended. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides quantitative evidence of the decline in microbial diversity in pesticide-contaminated soil using the Shannon-Wiener index. By focusing on microbial community changes in a specific agricultural setting, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the ecological impacts of pesticide use and emphasize the need for sustainable pest management strategies.
Bioremediation based on palm oil sludge as an intervention for heavy metal pollution risk in industrial residential Azrial, Fahmi; Sahdan, Fahrizal; Putri, Okta Angelia; Listiana, Ika
Environmental and Materials Vol. 2 No. 2: (December) 2024
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v2i2.2024.1641

Abstract

Background: The palm oil industry in Indonesia, often pollution the environment, especially water bodies, with waste containing hazardous metals. This can threaten the lives of aquatic organisms and damage ecosystems. Although the palm oil industry has become a pillar of the national economy with production reaching 46,986 tons in 2023, the waste problems generated, especially palm oil sludge, demand innovative and sustainable solutions. The limitations of existing technologies in handling heavy metal pollution drive the need for an interdisciplinary approach that not only reduces environmental risks but also provides economic added value through circular economy concepts and local resource empowerment. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of palm oil sludge-based bioremediation stones in the process of heavy metal adsorption. Methods: This study was conducted through descriptive analytical literature review with a qualitative approach. Findings: The results show that palm oil sludge-based bioremediation stones have microporosity characteristics and complex chemical compositions capable of absorbing heavy metals with efficiency reaching 85-92%. This innovation not only offers sustainable solutions, but also provides multidimensional benefits, including reduced public health risks and the creation of circular economic models. Conclusion: Through activation with sulfuric acid, the potential for heavy metal absorption can be increased by up to 35%, which implies a 70% reduction in environmental contamination in industrial areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This innovation integrates an interdisciplinary approach combining environmental science, chemistry, and resource management, potentially creating a replicable risk intervention model for industrial areas, with economic value.
Preliminary study of screen–printed gold electrode for H2O2 sensor based on electrochemiluminescence of luminol Syukur, Junjunan Muhammad; Sanjaya, Afiten Rahmin; Rahmawati, Isnaini; Ridwan, Muhammad
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 1: (June) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i1.2025.1656

Abstract

Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is mostly used in the water and dairy industries for sterilization and preservation purposes. However, excessive H2O2 residues in milk and tap water pose a health risk. Therefore, accurate measurement of H2O2 residue is essential.  Methods: This study explores the potential of a screen–printed gold electrode (SPGE) as a sensor for H2O2 sensor using the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) method of luminol in the electrolyte of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) under alkaline condition (pH of 9). Findings: The detection of H2O2 was achieved a linear calibration equation of y = 0.0215[H2O2] + 0.2006 within a concentration range of 0.5 to 200 µM (R2 = 0.9998), demonstrating reliable ECL measurements.  Conclusion: The analytical performance evaluation of H2O2 sensor exhibited a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.06 µM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10.20 µM, and good measurement repeatability, with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 6.03%, which is below ⅔ of the Horwitz coefficient of variation (9.85%). Unmodified SPGE offers simplicity, ease of use, a stable surface, and good conductivity while maintaining excellent performance. Novelty/Originality of this article: The application of the ECL method on SPGE for H2O2 detection offers excellent analytical performance, making it a promising approach for monitoring H2O2 residues in the water and dairy industries, with a recovery from 83.83 to 106.01%.
A review of TiO2 nanotubes/Co3O4/M (M: Au, Ag) photoelectrode for degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue Setiawati, Nurafni; Hastuti, Wari Tinting
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 1: (June) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i1.2025.1848

Abstract

Background: Wastewater containing dyes occurs due to the discharge of wastewater into rivers without undergoing proper treatment procedures as it should. This waste generally comes from the textile industry. Wastewater containing dyes increases the concentration of organic pollutants in wastewater, which can cause water pollution. Textile dyes are generally made from compounds containing aromatic rings, such as methyl orange and methylene blue. Methyl orange and methylene blue are organic pollutants that cannot be biologically degraded because they contain aromatic rings that are difficult to break down, thus posing a risk of environmental pollution and disrupting aquatic ecosystems. Several conventional wastewater treatment methods for dye degradation, such as coagulation, flotation, sedimentation, and filtration, have been applied, but these methods still have limitations. Methods: This review examines recent progress in the development of TiO₂ nanotube-based photoelectrodes modified with Co₃O₄ and noble metals (Ag, Au) for the degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue from wastewater. The use of electrochemical methods has advantages over conventional methods, namely more efficient, environmentally friendly, and flexible for the degradation of dyes in wastewater. The synthesis techniques used are anodization, impregnation-deposition-decomposition, and photodeposition methods. Findings: The development of TiO₂/Co₃O₄/Ag and TiO₂/Co₃O₄/Au nanotube-based photoelectrodes shows better performance in the degradation of organic dyes compared to unmodified TiO₂ photoelectrodes, as they can improve photocatalytic efficiency by expanding visible light absorption and increasing surface reactivity. Conclusion: The use of TiO₂/Co₃O₄/Ag and TiO₂/Co₃O₄/Au materials has great potential as an environmentally friendly and efficient solution in addressing pollution from persistent textile dye wastewater. The implementation of this technology in industrial wastewater treatment systems promotes advances in the fields of photocatalysis and renewable energy. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review is the first to evaluate TiO₂ nanotube/Co₃O₄ photoelectrodes modified with Ag and Au for the degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue.
Advancements in diagnostic approaches for malaria and dengue fever cases in Indonesia and Nigeria Prasaja, Brahma Indra; Ramadhani, Fathia; Abdulhamid, Kabiru Abdullahi
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 1: (June) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i1.2025.1906

Abstract

Background: This review aims to compare diagnostic advancements for malaria and dengue fever in Indonesia and Nigeria, highlighting the implementation of AI-based technologies and electrochemical biosensors. Both diseases are endemic in these tropical countries and present overlapping clinical symptoms, making laboratory-based confirmation methods such as RT-PCR and serological assays critical for accurate diagnosis. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024 that reported diagnostic performance and field applicability of the technologies. This scientific review synthesizes existing literature on infection mechanisms, conventional diagnostic methods (microscopy, RDT, ELISA, PCR), and state-of-the-art sensing technologies, including the AI-based malaria detection system (AIDMAN: YOLOv5 + Transformer + CNN) and electrochemical biosensors for dengue. Findings: The AI approach for malaria achieved high accuracy (patch-level 98.62% AUC 99.92%; image-level 97% AUC 98.84%). Dengue NS1 electrochemical biosensors reached a detection limit of ~10⁻¹² g/mL with excellent sensitivity and reproducibility, suitable for point-of-care use. Conclusion: Integrating sensing technologies from rapid tests to AI-driven microscopy and biosensors enables faster, more accurate diagnosis, improving patient management in resource-limited settings. Novelty/Originality of this article: This is the first comprehensive review that bridges cross-country (Indonesia and Nigeria) and cross-technology (AI and biosensor) approaches, offering valuable insight into sustainable diagnostic innovation for tropical infectious diseases.
Uncovering the spatial link between environmental risks, diarrhea incidence, and health service accessibility Listyono, Girlly Marchlina; Oinike, Adelina; Hambali, Dandi
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 1: (June) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i1.2025.1946

Abstract

Background: This study investigates spatial disparities between healthcare capacity, hospital accessibility, and environmental risk of diarrhea in West Java Province. Using a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS), network-based travel-time modeling, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and clustering, the research identifies mismatches high-risk areas and low-access healthcare infrastructure. Spatial overlay reveals that districts such as Tasikmalaya, Garut, and Cianjur experience dual vulnerabilities—limited healthcare reach and elevated environmental risk indicators. Methods: PCA was used to reduce multicollinearity among six environmental and socioeconomic variables, including access to sanitation, drinking water, latrine type, and poverty level. After excluding three extreme outliers, 24 districts were clustered using PCA-derived composite scores. The clusters were overlaid with hospital accessibility maps from service area analyses (≤30 and 31–60 minutes). PCA explained 80.4% of the total variance. Findings: The results show that 3 out of 27 districts, such as Tasikmalaya, Garut, and Cianjur; exhibited critically low hospital bed ratios, and over 50% of their population is located outside the 30-minute service area of a hospital. PCA-based clustering revealed four spatial risk typologies, with Cluster 4 (extreme outliers) representing the highest composite risk from poor sanitation, communal latrines, and high poverty. These findings underscore a spatial mismatch between environmental vulnerability and healthcare accessibility. Conclusion: Integrated spatial planning is urgently needed in high-risk, low-access areas, combining infrastructure expansion with digital health solutions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces a spatial typology of diarrhea risk in West Java by integrating PCA and GIS-based accessibility, and aligns its recommendations with Indonesia’s national health policy frameworks (RPJMN 2025–2029 and PP No. 28/2024) to support data-driven, equitable public health interventions.
An acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor of carbofuran using carbon foam electrode modified by graphene and gold particles Pramadewandaru, Respati Kevin; Triani, Sulis; Tesla, Yudhistira; Sanjaya, Afiten Rahmin
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 1: (June) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i1.2025.1963

Abstract

Background: This study introduces a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-based biosensor for the sensitive and selective detection of carbofuran, a widely used carbamate pesticide known for its neurotoxicity. Methods: The biosensor employs a carbon foam (CF) electrode modified with graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles (CF/Graphene/Au), leveraging the synergistic properties of these materials to enhance electrochemical performance. Carbofuran detection is achieved through its inhibitory effect on AChE activity, monitored via cyclic voltammetry of thiocholine oxidation. Findings: Under optimal conditions at pH 7.4, the biosensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 25–125 μM, a detection limit of 8.08 μM, and a sensitivity of 0.3874 mA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². It also showed strong reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 6.77%. When tested on real vegetable samples, the biosensor achieved recovery rates between 88.95% and 111.30%. Conclusion: Compared to existing biosensor technologies, the CF/Graphene/Au-based sensor offers a well-balanced performance in terms of sensitivity, detection range, and practical usability. It presents a viable and portable solution for monitoring pesticide residues in environmental samples. Novelty/Originality of this article:  This work presents a promising, portable solution for environmental monitoring of pesticide residues, integrating advanced nanomaterials and computational validation to improve detection accuracy and reliability.

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