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Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Published by Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization
ISSN : 29871530     EISSN : 29871530     DOI : https://doi.org/10.59345/sjfm
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology
Focus Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal (SJFM) focused on the development of medical sciences especially forensic and medicolegal for human well-being. Scope Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal (SJFM) publishes articles which encompass all aspects of basic research/clinical studies related to the field of forensic-medicolegal and allied science fields, especially all type of original articles, case reports, review articles, narrative review, meta-analysis, systematic review, mini-reviews and book review.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Patologi dan Kedokteran Kesehatan
Articles 34 Documents
 1   2   3   4 
Review of Forensic Autopsy Evidence in Proving the Crime of Murder: A Narrative Literature Review Siregar, Diah Ayu
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v1i1.229

Abstract

An autopsy or post-mortem is a medical examination procedure performed on a person's body after death to find out the cause of death or other medical conditions that can be identified from the deceased's body. This literature review aimed to describe a forensic autopsy review on the crime of murder. To be able to prove that a crime has been committed a forensic autopsy is used to prove whether the crime actually occurred or not. Forensic autopsy evidence is used to facilitate judges in making decisions and to expedite the course of proceedings in court so that the truth can be proven. Forensic autopsies are performed for criminal and legal investigation purposes. This autopsy can help identify the cause of a person's death, as well as gather evidence and information needed to assist the investigation process. The specific goals of a forensic autopsy are to study the cause of death of a person, gather evidence, identify victims, assist in criminal investigations and identify signs of violence. A forensic autopsy aims to reveal a cause of death for a person and for legal/court purposes.
A Review of Barotrauma from Diving: A Narrative Literature Review Nasution, Indra Santoso
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v1i1.230

Abstract

Barotrauma is a trauma or wound that occurs in the organs of the body due to sudden changes in air pressure around either change in pressure in the air or underwater. This literature review aimed to describe barotrauma from a traumatology perspective. In the case of barotrauma, the pathophysiology will follow Boyle's law. Namely, there is a relationship between the volume of gas in a closed room and the surrounding environment. Barotrauma that occurs when the pressure drops are called a squeeze. Squeeze events occur when there is a space filled with air and a membrane with a supply of blood flow from arteries and veins and experience a sudden change in pressure. Manifestations of barotrauma can also occur in the teeth, spine, and joints due to sharp and rapid changes in pressure. Damage to the teeth can occur because air is trapped in the teeth or because the teeth are sensitive to pressure. Damage to the spine and joints can occur because the pressure causes the vertebral discs to shift or damage the joint tissue. In conclusion, barotrauma is damage caused by pressure differences in the body, especially in the ears, lungs, and sinuses. Deaths from barotrauma are commonly associated with diving, especially freediving and gear diving.
Medicolegal Aspects and Sperm Examination Procedures in Rape Cases: A Narrative Literature Review Budiman, Fahmi; Gabriella, Maria; Christabel, Michaela; Hariadi
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v1i1.231

Abstract

Sexual violence is usually a covert case where the witnesses are the victim and the perpetrator. For various reasons, even victims may not be able to provide complete information about the perpetrator or the identity of the rapist. With limited initial information, physical and biological evidence found from victims, crime scenes, and perpetrators will play an important role in the objective and scientific reconstruction of the incident. This literature review aimed to describe various sperm examination methods and medicolegal aspects of rape cases. Identification of one or more intact spermatozoa is conclusive evidence of the presence of semen, further confirming sexual contact. The conditions and the sperm collection area play an important role in determining the time interval between deposition and sample collection. Examination of spermatozoa can be done without staining and with staining. Examination of semen can be done by examination (tactile, visual, UV light, acid phosphatase reagent, zinc spot test, and baecchi stain).
Review of Medicolegal Aspects of Domestic Violence: A Narrative Literature Review Putri, Fiely Karisma; Putri, Anggi Mutia; Artanto, Andika Agus; Kirana, Sigid; Setyawati, Niken
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v1i1.232

Abstract

Domestic violence is a very specific problem because domestic violence occurs at all levels of society, starting from the status community social from low to high social status. Most victims of domestic violence are women, whether wives or daughters, and the perpetrators are usually husbands or other subordinates in the household. This literature review aimed to describe the review of medicolegal aspects of domestic violence. Types of violence can be in the form of acts of physical, psychological, or sexual violence and neglect of the household. Physical violence is a physical act committed against another person or group that results in physical, sexual, and psychological harm. The factors that cause violence against women in the household, especially those perpetrated by husbands against wives, are the existence of an unequal power relationship between husband and wife, economic dependence, violence is used as a tool to resolve conflict, and competition between husband and wife. In conclusion, domestic violence is a form of violence against women because victims of domestic violence are generally women. Violence against women means violence that violates women's human rights, which also means violence that violates human rights.
Reading the Epigenetic Clock: A Comparative Analysis of DNA Methylation Markers for Age Estimation in Semen, Saliva, and Touch DNA Febria Suryani; Bryan Helsey; Leonardo Simanjuntak; Karina Chandra; Mustafa Mahmud; Lisha Sandrina; Ahmad Erza
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i1.233

Abstract

Introduction: The capacity to predict an individual's age from biological evidence constitutes a significant advancement in forensic intelligence. DNA methylation, a stable epigenetic mark, provides a molecular basis for "epigenetic clocks." However, the operational reliability of these clocks necessitates rigorous validation across diverse biological samples and populations, particularly for challenging, low-template touch DNA evidence. Methods: Following approval from the Ethical Committee of CMHC Indonesia (No. 128/EC/CMHC/2023), we recruited 150 healthy Indonesian male volunteers aged 18-65. Semen, saliva, and high-yield standardized touch DNA samples were collected. DNA was extracted, quantified fluorometrically, and subjected to bisulfite conversion with efficiency controls. The methylation levels of a curated five-CpG panel (ELOVL2, FHL2, TRIM59, KCNQ1DN, C1orf132) were quantified using a rigorously controlled pyrosequencing workflow. Body-fluid-specific age prediction models were developed using multiple linear regression, validated with 10-fold cross-validation, and assessed for statistical assumptions including multicollinearity. Results: The models for semen and saliva demonstrated high predictive accuracy, yielding Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) values of 3.19 years (R²=0.94) and 3.55 years (R²=0.92), respectively. The model developed from high-yield touch DNA was less precise but still highly informative, with a MAD of 5.49 years (R²=0.85). All models satisfied the assumptions of linear regression, with Variance Inflation Factors below 2.5 indicating low multicollinearity. The 95% prediction intervals were narrowest for semen, reflecting its superior precision. Conclusion: This study validates a robust, targeted epigenetic panel for age prediction in a Southeast Asian population. We present highly accurate, tissue-specific models for semen and saliva, suitable for immediate consideration in forensic casework. The touch DNA model, while requiring cautious interpretation, provides a valuable framework for generating investigative leads from trace evidence. Our findings underscore the critical importance of tissue-specific modeling and provide a detailed methodological and statistical blueprint for the responsible implementation of forensic age estimation.
Procedural Failures as Independent Predictors of Delayed Intracranial Foreign Body Diagnosis in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis from North Sumatra, Indonesia Aisyah Andina Rasyid; Priscilla Kapoor; Febria Suryani
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i2.247

Abstract

Introduction: Retained intracranial foreign bodies in patients presenting with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 represent a rare but potentially fatal diagnostic pitfall in emergency trauma management, carrying profound medicolegal consequences under Indonesian health legislation. This retrospective multi-centre cohort study identified independent procedural risk factors predicting delayed diagnosis (>24 hours) of intracranial foreign bodies among mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: Medical records from 1,240 mTBI patients (GCS 13–15) presenting to three tertiary trauma centres were reviewed; 45 cases with confirmed intracranial foreign bodies were identified, of whom 14 (31.1%) experienced delayed diagnosis. Results: Bivariate analyses demonstrated that failure to perform digital wound palpation (78.6% vs. 9.7%, p<0.001) and non-adherence to neuroimaging guidelines (71.4% vs. 9.7%, p<0.001) were significantly overrepresented in the delayed group. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, mechanism of injury, and centre, identified non-adherence to computed tomography guidelines (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.71, 95% CI 3.80–21.45, p<0.001), failure to palpate the wound bed (aOR 6.42, 95% CI 2.15–18.50, p<0.001), and an initial GCS of 15 (aOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.42–7.21, p=0.012) as significant independent predictors. Model calibration was excellent (Hosmer–Lemeshow p=0.711; accuracy 88.4%). Conclusion: A sentinel autopsy case demonstrated the fatal sequence: an undetected stone caused subarachnoid haemorrhage, brainstem compression, and asphyxial death. Strict protocol enforcement for secondary physical survey completion and CT guideline adherence is imperative to prevent fatal outcomes and mitigate medicolegal liability in Indonesian emergency departments.
Artificial Intelligence Versus Stepwise Regression for Stature Estimation from Tibial Dimensions: A Forensic Osteometric Study in South Sumatran Malay Adults Sari Sulistyoningsih; Abu Bakar; Eduardo Michael Perez; Ifah Shandy
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i2.248

Abstract

Introduction: Stature estimation from skeletal elements constitutes a foundational component of forensic biological profiling, critically supporting disaster victim identification in disaster-prone nations such as Indonesia. Traditional Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (SMLR), while widely employed, is constrained by linearity assumptions that inadequately model the complex, multidimensional osteometric biology of population-specific cohorts. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 450 healthy adult South Sumatran Malay participants (225 males, 225 females), aged 20–50 years, from Palembang and surrounding regencies. Five percutaneous tibial measurements were acquired under standardized protocols by a single trained anthropologist. A 70:30 stratified train-test split yielded 315 training and 135 test observations. Predictive performance of SMLR was rigorously compared against an optimized three-hidden-layer Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN). Result: Significant sexual dimorphism was demonstrated across all variables (independent samples t-test, p < 0.001). Percutaneous Tibial Length (PTL) was the strongest individual stature predictor (males: r = 0.812; females: r = 0.795). The best SMLR pooled model (PTL + PDB + DDB) achieved R-squared = 0.742 and RMSE = ±4.82 cm. The MLP-ANN substantially outperformed SMLR across all subgroups, achieving a pooled R-squared of 0.914 and RMSE of ±2.78 cm-representing a 23.2% improvement in R-squared and a 42.3% reduction in prediction error. Conclusion: These population-specific AI-driven standards offer forensic practitioners in the Indonesian medicolegal context a markedly more reliable tool for biological profiling of incomplete human remains.
Comprehension-Based Informed Consent Efficacy in High-Risk Surgeries: A Structural Equation Modeling Study Among Indonesian Patients in a Collectivistic Cultural Context Mustafa Mahmud; Cinthya Callathea; Yi-Fen Huang; Delia Tamim
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i2.249

Abstract

Introduction: Comprehension-based informed consent (IC) represents the ethical and medicolegal foundation of surgical practice, yet its adequacy in collectivistic societies remains insufficiently studied. This study evaluated IC efficacy among high-risk surgical patients in an Indonesian tertiary hospital and identified sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical determinants using binary logistic regression within a structural equation modeling (SEM) analytical framework. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 320 adult patients undergoing high-risk elective surgery (cardiac, thoracic, major abdominal, and orthopaedic) at Private Hospital X, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia, from January to December 2024. Validated instruments assessed IC Comprehension Score (ICCS), Health Literacy Level (HLL), Surgeon Communication Quality (SCQ), Family Influence Score (FIS), Collectivism Index (CI), and IC Efficacy Score (ICE, 0–100). Adequate IC efficacy was defined as ICE ≥ 70. Bivariat analysis used Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed with all continuous predictors standardised. Results: Mean ICCS was 49.4 ± 20.0 and mean ICE was 40.5 ± 19.8. Only 19 participants (5.9%) achieved adequate IC efficacy. Education level was significantly associated with IC efficacy adequacy (χ²=58.9, p<0.001). Spearman correlations revealed strong positive associations between ICCS and ICE (rho=0.773, p<0.001) and HLL and ICE (rho=0.566, p<0.001), and a weak negative association between FIS and ICE (rho=−0.139, p=0.012). In multivariable analysis, ICCS was the sole statistically significant independent predictor of adequate IC efficacy (OR=13.75, 95% CI [3.32–56.92], p<0.001); the model explained 55.4% of variance (Nagelkerke R²=0.554). Conclusion: Comprehension-based IC efficacy is markedly insufficient in this high-risk surgical collectivistic setting, with only 5.9% achieving adequacy. IC Comprehension Score was the sole independent determinant of IC efficacy, underscoring the imperative for structured, comprehension-focused, and culturally tailored IC interventions in Indonesian and comparable surgical settings.
Sociocultural Determinants of Clinical Autopsy Refusal and Their Medicolegal Impact on Diagnostic Accuracy in Indonesian Tertiary Hospitals Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Riri Arisanty Syafril Lubis; Franklin Shane; Lisye Tiur Simanjuntak
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i2.252

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical autopsy refusal remains a critical barrier to diagnostic quality assurance and medicolegal accountability in Indonesian hospital medicine. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 324 consecutive inpatient deaths across three tertiary referral hospitals in Palembang, South Sumatra (January 2019 – December 2023), to characterize sociocultural determinants of autopsy refusal and their impact on diagnostic accuracy and time-to-correct-diagnosis. Methods: The primary outcome was next-of-kin refusal of clinical autopsy consent; secondary outcomes included diagnostic discrepancy classified by the Goldman system, and time-to-correct-diagnosis analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank testing. Multivariate logistic regression with bootstrap-derived confidence intervals identified independent predictors of refusal. Results: The overall autopsy refusal rate was 84.0% (272/324). Independent predictors were Javanese ethnicity (OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.77–7.48; p<0.001), Islamic religious affiliation (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.42–4.37; p=0.001), primary or no formal education (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.19–4.68; p=0.014), age per 10-year increment (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.33; p=0.006), and low household income below 2 million IDR (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.00–3.10; p=0.049). The model demonstrated good discrimination (C-statistic 0.81) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p=0.43). Major diagnostic discrepancy (Goldman Class I–II) occurred in 26.1% of the refused cohort versus 13.5% in the consented cohort (p=0.047). Median time-to-correct-diagnosis was 19 days (95% CI 15–24) in the refused group versus 5 days (95% CI 3–8) in the consented group (log-rank p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide robust evidence for the medicolegal urgency of addressing sociocultural barriers to autopsy consent through culturally sensitive policy reform in Indonesia.
Toxicological Profiling of Unregulated Traditional Medicines in Unexplained Sudden Deaths Using LC-MS and Latent Class Analysis: A Forensic Autopsy-Based Study in South Sumatra Fifia Ardinanti; Rizki Ayu; Sudarto
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v4i1.254

Abstract

Introduction: Unexplained sudden death (USD) presents a persistent diagnostic challenge in forensic medicine, especially in regions where consumption of unregulated traditional medicines (TM) is widespread. The toxicological contribution of unregulated TM to USD remains poorly characterized in Indonesia, where jamu use is prevalent and a large proportion of herbal products are unregistered. Methods: A forensic autopsy-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 USD cases at Hospital X, Palembang, South Sumatra, from January 2020 to December 2024. Postmortem femoral blood and liver tissue were screened by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a validated 85-compound panel covering alkaloids, heavy metals, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, aristolochic acid, and pharmaceutical adulterants. Sixty cases with verified TM use were compared with 60 non-TM user controls frequency-matched by age decade and gender. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied for subgroup classification. Results: Alkaloids were detected in 75.0% of TM users versus 18.3% of controls (OR 13.36, 95% CI 5.62–31.72, p < 0.001). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and pharmaceutical adulterants showed the highest discriminatory capacity (OR 15.55 and 21.00, respectively). Cardiac death was significantly more frequent in TM users (78.3% vs. 41.7%, p < 0.001). LCA identified three distinct toxicological subgroups: Class I (High Toxin Load, n=40), Class II (Moderate, n=36), and Class III (Low Toxin Load, n=44). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, BMI, hypertension, and toxicological findings, confirmed TM use as an independent predictor of cardiac death (adjusted OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.07–4.42, p = 0.031). Conclusion: These findings support the incorporation of TM-specific toxicological screening into standard forensic autopsy protocols and provide evidence for strengthened regulatory oversight of unregistered herbal products in Indonesia.

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