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All Journal Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Enigma in Education Enigma in Cultural
Ahmad Erza
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Religion Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Other

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The Power Imbalance Personified: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Senior-to-Junior Bullying in Indonesia's Medical Residency Programs Alex Putra Pratama; Henry Clifford; Ahmad Erza; Ericca Dominique Perez; Fakhrul Setiobudi; Dedi Affandi; Lestini Wulansari; Fachrudin Sani; Vita Amanda; Zahra Amir
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.92

Abstract

Bullying within medical residency is a pervasive global issue with severe consequences for residents' mental health and patient safety. In Indonesia, where hierarchical structures in medicine are deeply entrenched, senior-to-junior bullying is a significant yet under-investigated problem. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence, forms, and lived experiences of bullying perpetrated by senior residents against their junior counterparts in Indonesian medical residency programs. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, an anonymous online survey was distributed to 584 junior medical residents across five major teaching hospitals in Indonesia. The survey included the validated Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and questions on demographics and specialty. In the qualitative phase, 25 junior residents who reported high levels of bullying were purposively selected for in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitatively, 81.3% (n=475) of junior residents reported experiencing at least one bullying behaviour weekly. The most common forms were work-related, such as excessive workloads and meaningless tasks, and personal humiliation. Year of residency was significantly associated with bullying exposure. Qualitatively, four major themes emerged: (1) ‘The Hierarchy as an Unassailable Mandate for Abuse’; (2) ‘The Pedagogy of Fear: Bullying as a Misguided Educational Tool’; (3) ‘Silent Suffering and the Armour of Complicity’; and (4) ‘The Perpetuating Cycle: Victims on a Trajectory to Becoming Perpetrators’. The qualitative findings revealed that bullying was often rationalised by seniors as a necessary part of medical training. In conclusion, senior-to-junior bullying is alarmingly prevalent and deeply embedded in the culture of Indonesian medical residency programs. It is personified through a profound power imbalance, rationalised as an educational necessity, and sustained by a culture of silence. Urgent, multi-level interventions focusing on systemic change, faculty training, and robust confidential reporting systems are imperative to dismantle this destructive cycle.
Reading the Epigenetic Clock: A Comparative Analysis of DNA Methylation Markers for Age Estimation in Semen, Saliva, and Touch DNA Febria Suryani; Bryan Helsey; Leonardo Simanjuntak; Karina Chandra; Mustafa Mahmud; Lisha Sandrina; Ahmad Erza
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i1.233

Abstract

Introduction: The capacity to predict an individual's age from biological evidence constitutes a significant advancement in forensic intelligence. DNA methylation, a stable epigenetic mark, provides a molecular basis for "epigenetic clocks." However, the operational reliability of these clocks necessitates rigorous validation across diverse biological samples and populations, particularly for challenging, low-template touch DNA evidence. Methods: Following approval from the Ethical Committee of CMHC Indonesia (No. 128/EC/CMHC/2023), we recruited 150 healthy Indonesian male volunteers aged 18-65. Semen, saliva, and high-yield standardized touch DNA samples were collected. DNA was extracted, quantified fluorometrically, and subjected to bisulfite conversion with efficiency controls. The methylation levels of a curated five-CpG panel (ELOVL2, FHL2, TRIM59, KCNQ1DN, C1orf132) were quantified using a rigorously controlled pyrosequencing workflow. Body-fluid-specific age prediction models were developed using multiple linear regression, validated with 10-fold cross-validation, and assessed for statistical assumptions including multicollinearity. Results: The models for semen and saliva demonstrated high predictive accuracy, yielding Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) values of 3.19 years (R²=0.94) and 3.55 years (R²=0.92), respectively. The model developed from high-yield touch DNA was less precise but still highly informative, with a MAD of 5.49 years (R²=0.85). All models satisfied the assumptions of linear regression, with Variance Inflation Factors below 2.5 indicating low multicollinearity. The 95% prediction intervals were narrowest for semen, reflecting its superior precision. Conclusion: This study validates a robust, targeted epigenetic panel for age prediction in a Southeast Asian population. We present highly accurate, tissue-specific models for semen and saliva, suitable for immediate consideration in forensic casework. The touch DNA model, while requiring cautious interpretation, provides a valuable framework for generating investigative leads from trace evidence. Our findings underscore the critical importance of tissue-specific modeling and provide a detailed methodological and statistical blueprint for the responsible implementation of forensic age estimation.
The Acoustic City: Sonorous Landscapes, Urban Memory, and the Politics of Noise Muhammad Hasan; Jovanka Andina; Matilda Munoz; Emir Abdullah; Ahmad Erza
Enigma in Cultural Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Cultural
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/cultural.v3i2.110

Abstract

The contemporary city is often conceived through a visual paradigm, yet its character is profoundly shaped by its acoustic environment. This study investigated the urban soundscape as a complex tapestry woven from sound, memory, and power. Focusing on the rapidly urbanizing context of Indonesia, this research explored how sonorous landscapes are produced, experienced, and contested, shaping collective urban memory and becoming arenas for political negotiation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating qualitative ethnographic research with quantitative acoustic analysis. Fieldwork was conducted in two distinct Indonesian urban settings: the megacity of Jakarta and the historically significant city of Palembang. Methods included 60 semi-structured interviews with residents, urban planners, and community leaders; 30 researcher-led soundwalks using participant observation; and acoustic data collection using Class 1 sound level meters at 100 strategic locations. This data was used to create predictive acoustic models of selected neighborhoods using CadnaA sound prediction software to visualize and analyze sound pressure level (SPL) distribution. The findings revealed a rich acoustic lexicon unique to Indonesian cities, characterized by a dynamic interplay of religious sounds (the call to prayer or adzan), commercial vocalizations (street vendor calls), transportation noise, and sounds of community life (gotong royong). Ethnographic data demonstrated that these sounds are potent carriers of urban memory, evoking nostalgia and a sense of belonging, but are also sources of significant social friction. Acoustic models identified "sonorous hotspots" where SPLs consistently exceeded national health recommendations by up to 25 dBA, particularly around transport hubs and commercial districts. A significant disconnect was found between residents' subjective perception of noise and objective decibel measurements, highlighting the cultural mediation of sound. The "politics of noise" manifested in community-level disputes over the volume and timing of mosque loudspeakers and the perceived encroachment of commercial sounds into residential areas. In conclusion, the urban soundscape is not a neutral background but a contested social and political space where identities are asserted and power is negotiated. This study established that in Indonesian cities, sound acts as a crucial medium for constructing urban memory and a site for the subtle, everyday politics of cohabitation. Understanding these sonorous landscapes is essential for developing more inclusive and acoustically just urban planning policies that move beyond simple noise abatement to a more nuanced appreciation of the urban acoustic environment.
Co-Authors Alex Putra Pratama Bryan Helsey Dedi Affandi Emir Abdullah Ericca Dominique Perez Fachrudin Sani Fakhrul Setiobudi Febria Suryani Henry Clifford Jovanka Andina Karina Chandra Leonardo Simanjuntak Lestini Wulansari Lisha Sandrina Matilda Munoz Muhammad Hasan Mustafa Mahmud Vita Amanda Zahra Amir