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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 709 Documents
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Production of biodiesel (isopropyl ester) from coconut oil by microwave assisted transesterification: parametric study and optimization Rachmaditasari, Rheinanda; Darojat, Muhamad Irfaid; Mahfud, Mahfud
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60174

Abstract

Biodiesel, a renewable fuel for diesel vehicle engines, has been commonly produced from transesterification process involving triglycerides from vegetable oil with alcohol. One of the most promising candidates for vegetable oil due to its abundance in Indonesia is coconut oil. However, the short carbon chain present in coconut oil necessitates the use of longer-chain alcohol types to adjust to the biodiesel carbon chain, such as isopropanol. Therefore, this research focused on producing biodiesel (isopropyl ester) from coconut oil using isopropanol and NaOH catalyst through a transesterification process. To enhance this process, microwave technology was utilized for its ability to lower the biodiesel production reaction time from the conventional one-hour timeframe to less than ten minutes, increase energy efficiency, and improve biodiesel quality. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of reaction time, catalyst concentration, and microwave power on the isopropyl ester yield. Further optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to illustrate the model's effectiveness and applicability. Based on BBD optimization simulation, the optimal condition for producing isopropyl ester from coconut oil using microwave technology is a 1-minute reaction time, 0.2 wt.% NaOH catalyst concentration, and 443.9 W microwave power, maximizing the yield to 99.89%. This research highlights the potential of microwave assisted transesterification and the reliability of this innovative approach, contributing to the development of isopropyl ester production with enhanced quality that meets the specifications of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).
Analysis of a standing wave thermoacoustic engine with multiple unit stages Murti, Prastowo; Setiawan, Ikhsan; Rosafira, Jihan Zeinyuta; Widyaparaga, Adhika; Astuti, Wijayanti Dwi; Biwa, Tetsushi
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60098

Abstract

The thermoacoustic engine is an eco-friendly technology capable of harnessing solar and waste energy for electricity generation, in conjunction with a linear alternator, and can function as a heat pump. This engine type holds significant appeal due to its simplistic design, devoid of any mechanical moving components, comprising only a stack sandwiched between heat exchangers within a resonator. When the temperature gradient across the stack reaches the critical threshold (onset temperature), the working gas undergoes spontaneous oscillation. Typically, a high onset temperature is necessary to induce gas oscillation in a thermoacoustic engine due to viscous losses within the system. A method to lower the onset temperature by increasing the number of unit stages consisting of stacks and heat exchangers so that the engine can utilize low-grade thermal sources has been developed to overcome this challenge. However, this method has only been applied to traveling-wave thermoacoustic engines. Its application in standing-wave engines, which offer a more compact and straightforward structure, remains unexplored. This research aims to examine how the number of unit stages in a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine influences the onset temperature and acoustic field. The onset temperature is estimated using a fundamental hydrodynamics equation and the investigation of the acoustic field throughout the engine using DeltaEC software. Results showed that the strategic positioning of multiple unit stages is essential to achieve a low onset temperature. The minimum onset temperature, approximately 92°C, is obtained when three- or four-unit stages are installed. Additionally, increasing the number of unit stages does not affect the acoustic impedance and phase difference between pressure and velocity in the stack, while simultaneously enhancing both acoustic power output and thermal efficiency.
Performance analysis of a photovoltaic component integrated into a hybrid power plant in Southeast Mauritania Lemrabout, Ahmed; Kerboua, Abdelfettah; Mohamed, Regad; Bouaichi, Abdellatif; Ba, Abdellahi; Minehna, Sidi Med; Hacene, Fouad Boukli; Mahmoud, Abdel Kader
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60474

Abstract

This study investigated the performance of photovoltaic components of the 1.3MW KIFFA hybrid power plant in Mauritania. Data from the plant's monitoring system (January-December 2021) was used to assess various performance metrics. The analysis revealed a high daily reference yield (5.60 h/d), indicating good solar resource availability. However, final and array yields (4.78 h/d and 4.86 h/d, respectively) suggested potential for improvement. System component efficiencies were within acceptable ranges, with particularly high inverter efficiency (98.31%). Array capture losses were moderate (0.74 h/d), and system losses were minimal (0.08 h/d). The annual performance ratio (86.33%) and capacity factor (19.91%) indicated good overall plant performance. These findings were then compared with data from similar installations in various climate zones to understand the impact of climatic variations on photovoltaic performance. Compared to installations in temperate zones with lower irradiation levels, the KIFFA plant's reference yield was significantly higher. However, the final and array yields were closer due to potentially higher operating temperatures in Mauritania affecting module efficiency. Interestingly, comparisons with installations in other desert regions with similarly high irradiation levels revealed lower performance, particularly in terms of final yield, (4.71 h/d) in Algéria (Adrar) and (4.10 h/d) in Oman (Muscat). This suggests that climatic factors beyond just sunlight availability, such as dust accumulation, may have played a significant role in their performance compared to the KIFFA plant.
Multi-criteria optimal sizing and analysis of PV/wind/fuel cell/battery/diesel generator for rural electrification: A case study in Chad Abdoulaye, Mahamat Adoum; Waita, Sebastian; Wekesa, Cyrus Wabuge; Mwabora, Julius Mwakondo
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60169

Abstract

Access to sustainable, clean, affordable, and reliable electricity is crucial for social and economic development, yet Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) struggles significantly in this context. In CHAD, only 11.3% of the population is able to access electricity, making it one of the least electrified countries in SSA with the lowest clean energy access. In rural areas, electricity access falls to just 1.3%. This research applies and executes a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm using MATLAB R2023b to assess the techno-economic, environmental, and social impacts of a hybrid system based on optimal PV/Wind/Battery/Fuel Cell (FC)/Diesel generator (DG) sizing for rural electrification in CHAD. The proposed system's self-sufficiency index (SSSI) and the Annualized System Cost (ASC) were chosen as objective functions to guarantee the economic feasibility of the system, higher self-sufficiency, and lower dependence on external energy sources (DG). The simulation results show that the optimal size of the proposed system supplies the load demand by 100% of the renewable energy sources (RES)  fraction, and the optimal capacities of the main components to supply the load demand are: Solar Power (493 KW), Wind Turbine (166 KW), Battery Energy Charge/Discharge (229180 kWh /221300 kWh), Hydrogen tank storage energy (83 874 kWh), Electrolyzer size (202 KW), Fuel cell size (144 KW). The evelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.2982 $/kWh, which is 51.12% lower than the national unit production costs of electricity in rural areas of CHAD (0.61 $/kWh). This LCOE is also the lowest compared to previous works done using HOMER Pro for the country of CHAD. The results also give a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of 3.8563 US $/kg, lower than for all studies found in the literature for the country of Chad. The proposed system's yearly avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is 374 640 kg. The proposed system will create five (5) new jobs (JCO) and improve the Human Development Index (HDI) of the study area by 17.66% (the obtained HDI is 0.4683, and the CHAD HDI is 0.398) with an SSSI of 51.14%. This study provides a better practical energy design tool in decision-making for designers, companies, investors, policymakers, and the Chadian government when implementing this type of system in particular rural locations.
Optimizing aeration rates via bio-methane potential test for enhanced biodrying efficiency of refuse-derived fuel-3 Wahyanti, Eka; Towprayoon, Sirintornthep; Sutthasil, Noppharit; Patumsawad, Suthum; Wangyao, Komsilp
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60361

Abstract

Aeration forms a critical part of the biodrying of refuse-derived fuel-3 (RDF-3) and significantly affects the fuel’s energy potential. Understanding the organic content (OC) of RDF-3 is crucial for determining the optimal aeration strategy. In this study, we conducted a bio-methane potential (BMP) test to estimate the OC by observing the conversion of organic matter into methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The observation of BMP was conducted using anaerobic digestion approach where substrate and inoculum are important parameters considered for the success of this test. Various ratios substrate-to-inoculum (S/I) were explored to assess their impact on biogas production, our research involved testing four S/I ratios (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5) focusing on identifying the optimal aeration strategy. Based on stoichiometric calculations, the sample’s biogas yield per gram volatile solid indicates RDF-3’s OC is 1.5%. This OC value played a role in establishing the appropriate aeration rate (AR) for the biodrying process, which was determined to be 0.6 m³/kg.day, indicating the action of effective microbial degradation processes. Ensuring the correct AR is vital for maximizing the energy potential of RDF-3. Implementing optimized aeration rates based on the BMP test in waste management practices can significantly improve RDF-3 biodrying efficiency. This approach enhances RDF quality, reduces moisture, increases calorific value, and minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, leading to more sustainable and efficient waste-to-energy conversion.
Does energy transition matter to sustainable development in ASEAN? Mu'min, M. Silahul; Yaqin, Misbahol; Anam, Muhammad Syariful
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.59544

Abstract

The energy transition towards renewable sources represents a pivotal factor in pursuing sustainable development. This study reviews the impact of renewable energy on three aspects of sustainable development, namely economic, social, and environmental aspects in ASEAN. To quantify these aspects, GDP per capita proxies for the economic dimension, unemployment rates for the social dimension, and CO2 emissions for the environmental dimension. The data used is panel data of 10 ASEAN countries from 1996-2020. Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation technique is applied to identify the relationship between renewable energy and the dimensions of sustainable development. The study results reveal that renewable energy has a significant influence on sustainable development in the long run. Specifically, renewable energy is able to stimulate GDP per capita levels, thus potentially serving as a determinant of sustainable economic growth in ASEAN. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that renewable energy has the capacity to reduce CO2 emissions in the long run. Efforts to increase the share of renewable energy usage are needed to mitigate the risk of environmental degradation. However, it is noteworthy that our study underscores the adverse impact of the energy transition on the social dimension, as it can potentially drive-up unemployment rates in the long run. This impact can be attributed to labor market relocations and structural changes. Novice workers in the renewable energy sector may face the risk of displacement. Consequently, this study has implications that underscore the need for inclusive approaches to elevate the usage of renewable energy. Furthermore, a well-structured policy framework is needed to encourage more investments and prepare the competent workforce in the renewable energy sector.
Assessment of photovoltaic efficacy in antimony-based cesium halide perovskite utilizing transition metal chalcogenide Alghafis, Abdullah; Sobayel, K.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60282

Abstract

Antimony-based perovskites have been recognized for their distinctive optoelectronic attributes, standard fabrication methodologies, reduced toxicity, and enhanced stability. The objective of this study is to systematically investigate and enhance the performance of all-inorganic solar cell architectures by integrating Cs3Sb2I9, a perovskite-analogous material, with WS2—a promising transition metal dichalcogenide—used as the electron transport layer (ETL), and Cu2O serving as the hole transport layer (HTL). This comprehensive assessment extends beyond the mere characterization of material attributes such as layer thickness, doping levels, and defect densities, to include a thorough investigation of interfacial defect effects within the structure. Optimal efficiency was observed when the Cs3Sb2I9 absorber layer thickness was maintained within the 600-700 nm range. The defect tolerance for the absorber layer was identified at 1×1015/cm3, with the ETL and HTL layers exhibiting significant defect tolerance at 1×1016/cm3 and 1×1017/cm3, respectively. Furthermore, this study calculated the minority carrier lifetime and diffusion length, establishing a strong correlation with defect density; a minority carrier lifetime of approximately 1 µs was noted for a defect density of1×1014/cm3 in the absorber layer. A noteworthy finding pertains to the balance between the high work function of the back contact and the incorporation of p-type back surface field layers, revealing that interposing a highly doped p+ layer between the Cu2O and the metal back contact can elevate the efficiency to 21.60%. This approach also provides the freedom to select metals with lower work functions, offering a cost-effective advantage for commercial-scale applications.
Starch – carrageenan based low-cost membrane permeability characteristic and its application for yeast microbial fuel cells Christwardana, Marcelinus; Kuntolaksono, Satrio; Septevani, Athanasia Amanda; Hadiyanto, H
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.59160

Abstract

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an innovative method that generates sustainable electricity by exploiting the metabolic processes of microorganisms. The membrane that divides the anode and cathode chambers is an important component of MFCs. Commercially available membranes, such as Nafion, are both costly, not sustainable, and harmful to the environment. In this study, a low-cost alternative membrane for MFCs based on a starch-carrageenan blend (SCB-LCM) was synthesized. The SCB-LCM membrane was created by combining starch and carrageenan and demonstrated a high dehydration rate of 98.87 % over six hours. SEM analysis revealed a smooth surface morphology with no pores on the membrane surface. The performance of SCB-LCM membrane-based MFCs was evaluated and compared to that of other membranes, including Nafion 117 and Nafion 212. All membranes tested over 25 hours lost significant weight, with SCB-LCM losing the least. The maximum power density (MPD) of the SCB-LCM MFCs was 15.77 ± 4.34 mW/m2, indicating comparable performance to commercial membranes. Moreover, the cost-to-power ratio for MFCs employing SCB-LCM was the lowest (0.03 USD.m2/mW) when compared to other membranes, indicating that SCB-LCM might be a viable and cost-effective alternative to Nafion in MFCs. These SCB-LCM findings lay the groundwork for future research into low-cost and sustainable membrane for MFC technologies.  
Sizing requirements of the photovoltaic charging station for small electrical vehicles Ngendahayo, Aimable; Junyent-Ferré, Adrià; Rodriguez-Bernuz, Joan Marc; Nyeko, Elizabeth; Ntagwirumugara, Etienne
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60120

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being introduced in Rwanda and becoming attractive for different reasons. For instance, these types of vehicles can help decrease air pollution and noise emissions. In addition, it presents an alternative to combustion engines, given the increased price of fuel resources in Rwanda and around the world. This paper presents a tool tailored to optimize the design of an electrical charging station serving small-sized electric vehicles, utilizing the algorithm to assist in sizing stand-alone mopped charging stations. The developed tool is based on the toolbox EventSim from MathWorks, which permits the combination of the simulation of discrete events (such as the arrival of customers at the station) with continuous states (such as the simulation of the charging process). The required PV power was estimated by utilizing solar resources, for the location, from renewables. Ninja. The number of customers arriving at the existing oil station is normalized to estimate the energy requirements of the mopped fleet. A Poisson distribution was proposed to model the battery discharge upon arrival, and different related parameters were evaluated through a sensitivity analysis to identify their effects on the performance of photovoltaic charging station. For the testing values, the station parameters were changed by ±25% to determine the impact of key design parameters on station performance, as well as other satisfaction measures such as average waiting time and average queue length. With a 25% increase in photovoltaic panels, the blackout period decreases by 2.12%, while a 25% decrease in photovoltaic panels causes an increase of 2.18% in the blackout period. Utilizing the energy management system (EMS), the waiting time was reduced by 8%. 
Characterization, performance evaluation and optimization of wheat straw – bagasse blended fuel pellets Matasyoh, Isabel Musula; Osodo, Booker; Muguthu, Joseph; Kombe, Emmanuel
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.58098

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the fuel pellets produced from wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse. The wheat straw and bagasse were blended into four ratios including; 10:90, 30:70, 70:30 and 90:10 (wheat straw: bagasse) and developed into fuel pellets. The fuel pellets were characterized to determine the moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, calorific value, bulk density and mechanical durability. The ignition time, burning rate and specific fuel consumption of the wheat straw – bagasse blended fuel pellets were studied at varying blend ratios (10:90, 30:70, 70:30 and 90:10), moisture contents (9.1%, 10.6%, 12.6% and 14.7%) and raw material particle sizes (2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 10 mm). Results indicated that the wheat straw: bagasse blend ratios containing more proportion of bagasse (30:70 and 10:90) recorded a shorter ignition time, higher burning rate and lower specific fuel consumption. Larger raw material particle sizes exhibited shorter ignition time, higher burning rate and specific fuel consumption. Moreso, the fuel pellets with low moisture contents also recorded shorter ignition time, higher burning rate and lower specific fuel consumption. It was concluded that fuel pellets with high quantity of bagasse, large particle sizes and low moisture content demonstrated favorable combustion characteristics. Response surface methodology was used in the optimization so as to determine the optimum combination of blending ratio, moisture content and raw material particle size that would result in the lowest ignition time, highest burning rate and lowest specific fuel consumption. Results indicated that an optimum combination of a wheat straw: bagasse blend ratio of 10:90, moisture content of 14.70% and a particle size of 10.00 mm resulted in the lowest ignition time, highest burning rate and lowest specific fuel consumption.

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