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Pengaruh Jejari Hidrolik Stack terhadap Beda Suhu Onset pada Prime Mover Termoakustik Gelombang Berdiri Murti, Prastowo; Widyaparaga, Adhika; Setiawan, Ikhsan; Utomo, Agung Bambang Setio; Nohtomi, Makoto
Jurnal Spektra Vol 16, No 2 (2015): Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya
Publisher : Jurnal Spektra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

AbstrakPrime mover termoakustik adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk mengkonversi panas menjadi kerja dalam bentuk bunyi. Panas yang digunakan dapat berasal dari sumber panas yang tak terpakai dan melimpah seperti insenerasi alat-alat rumah sakit, pabrik industri, geotermal, dan energi surya. Untuk dapat mulai menghasilkan bunyi (kondisi onset) dibutuhkan beda suhu minimum antara ujung-ujung stack yang disebut 15(∆T)onset">   Semakin kecil beda suhu onset 15(∆T)onset">  maka suhu sumber panas yang diperlukan semakin rendah. Stack merupakan jantung dari prime mover termoakustik dan tempat terjadinya osilasi paket gas akibat adanya perbedaan suhu antara kedua sisinya. Pada penelitian ini, stack yang digunakan adalah lembaran-lembaran mesh (kasa kawat) stainless-steel yang tersusun rapat dengan jejari hidrolik 0,71 mm, 0,59 mm, 0,50 mm, dan 0,34 mm dengan panjang 4 cm, 5 cm, dan 6 cm. Dalam penelitian ini, panjang resonator adalah 1,28 m dan udara digunakan sebagai medium dengan tekanan atmosfer. Telah ditemukan bahwa jejari hidrolik stack mempengaruhi beda suhu onset 15∆Tonset">  pada prime mover termoakustik. Jejari hidrolik optimum pada 0,59 mm. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa stack yang lebih panjang membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama untuk mencapai kondisi onset dibandingkan dengan stack yang lebih pendek. Untuk mendapatkan 15∆Tonset">   lebih rendah dan waktu onset lebih cepat, perlu dilakukan penelitian tambahan tentang pengaruh beberapa paramater lain seperti panjang resonator, kalor input dan tekanan gas.Kata kunci : prime mover termoakustik, Stack mesh stainless steel, jejari hidraulik, beda suhu onset 15∆Tonset"> , waktu onset AbstractThermoacoustic prime mover is a device to convert heat into work in the form of sound. The heat used here can be obtained from unused and abundant heat source such as incineration hospital equipment, geothermal, and solar energy. A minimum onset temperature difference 15∆Tonset">  between stack ends is needed to produce the sound. Low onset temperature differences are desired when we intend to utilize low quality of heat sources. Stack is the main part of thermoacoustic prime mover in where the gas parcels oscillate due to a large temperature gradient along the stack. The stack used in this research is a pile of stainless-steels wire mesh screen with various hydraulic radius of 0.71 mm, 0.59 mm, 0.50 mm, and 0.34 mm and various stack length of 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm. The length of resonator is 1.28 m and air as the working medium at atmosphere pressure is used to fill the resonator. It is found that the hydraulic radius is affecting the 15∆Tonset">  in the thermoacoustic prime mover. Hydraulic radius optimum at 0,59 mm. In addition, it is also found that longer stacks need longer time to reach the onset 15 "> condition. Investigation on the influences of other parameters, such as resonator length, heat input, and gas pressure, are required in order to have low 15∆Tonset"> .Keywords: themo-acoustic prime mover, stack mesh stainless steel screen, hydraulic radius, onset  Themperature difference 15 ∆Tonset"> , onset time.
PENGARUH JEJARI HIDROLIK REGENERATOR DAN FREKUENSI GELOMBANG BUNYI TERHADAP KINERJA POMPA KALOR TERMOAKUSTIK GELOMBANG BERJALAN Prastowo Murti; Ikhsan Setiawan; Muhammad Fadly; Solli Dwi Murtyas
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 10, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/jurtek.10.2.147-152

Abstract

The refrigerant in the conventional heat pump has affected to the environmental. One of them is ozone depletion, thus, heat pump which has no impact on the environment is needed. The thermoacoustic heat pump is heat pump device which employs thermoacoustic phenomena and works with no refrigerant hence environmental benign. Thermoacoustics is phenomena sound wave that can cause a temperature difference or vice versa. The thermoacoustic heat pump produces temperature difference in the both side of the regenerator in which can be used as refrigerator and heater. Thermoacoustic heat pump consists of resonator tube, loudspeaker, and regenerator. Regenerator is the heart of thermoacoustic which is energy conversion takes place. Therefore, this research focuses on optimization of hydraulic radius of stainless steel wire mesh regenerator and frequency of the sound wave on the performance traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat pump. The experimental results show that hydraulic radius of regenerator and frequency of sound wave gives significant effect to temperature difference on the both side of the regenerator. The largest temperature difference reach is 51,5 °C, which is cold side have 12,2 °C that can be used as a refrigerator and hot side have 63,6 °C that can be used as a heater.
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGGUNAAN LOUDSPEAKER SEBAGAI PENGKONVERSI ENERGI BUNYI MENJADI LISTRIK DALAM ALAT PEMANEN ENERGI AKUSTIK (ACOUSTIC ENERGY HARVESTER) Ikhsan Setiawan
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 11, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/jurtek.11.1.9-16

Abstract

Kebisingan di sekitar kita merupakan satu bentuk energi yang terbuang. Energi bunyi (akustik) tersebut sebenarnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Makalah ini memaparkan tentang eksperimen penggunakan loudspeaker sebagai komponen pengkonversi energi bunyi menjadi energi listrik dalam alat pemanen energi akustik (acoustic energy harvester), baik tanpa tabung resonator maupun dengan tabung resonator. Loudspeaker pengkonversi yang digunakan berjenis woofer dan memiliki diameter nominal 6 inci. Sumber bunyi yang digunakan adalah loudspeaker berdiameter 15 inci yang diberi sinyal oleh sebuah pembangkit sinyal audio yang diperkuat oleh sebuah penguat audio. Tingkat tekanan bunyi (sound pressure level, SPL) maksimum dalam penelitian ini adalah 105 dB. Tegangan listrik rms (Vrms) keluaran dari loudspeaker pengkonversi diukur pada resistor beban dengan resistansi 100 W, sehingga daya listrik rms (Prms) yang dihasilkan dapat dihitung. Hasil eksperimen pada loudspeaker pengkonversi tanpa resonator menunjukkan bahwa loudspeaker tersebut memiliki frekuensi kerja optimum sebesar 62 Hz yang menghasilkan Prms sebesar 0,78 mW dari bunyi dengan SPL 105 dB. Selanjutnya, hasil eksperimen dengan menggunakan resonator sepanjang 133 cm memperlihatkan bahwa Prms maksimum sebesar 20,7 mW diperoleh dari bunyi berfrekuensi 92 Hz dan SPL 105 dB. Hasil ini sangat baik apabila dibandingkan dengan hasil yang ditemukan oleh para peneliti lainnya yang memperoleh daya listrik 20 mW- 30 mW dari bunyi dengan SPL sebesar 151 dB (Pillai & Deenadayalan, 2014). Selain itu, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tabung resonator dapat meningkatkan daya listrik yang dapat diperoleh.
Measurement of gravitational acceleration with the leak tank method Reliusman Dachi; Ikhsan Setiawan
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1188.175 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v2i1.29000

Abstract

An experimental device of the mechanics of tank draining under gravity has been constructed. It mainly consists of a cylindrical tank with a circular orifice at the center bottom of the tank. The inner radius of the tank is 134 mm, while there are seven variations of orifice radius, those are 2.25 mm, 2.50 mm, 3.00 mm, 3.50 mm, 4.00 mm, 5.00 mm, and 6.00 mm. The tank is filled by water which is then allowed to flow out throuh the orifice. This experiment can be used to measure the value of gravitational acceleration () on the experiment location. We call this method as the leak tank method.  The measurement of g is carried out by measuring the total time to drain the tank from 300 mm initial height of water surface inside the tank for various orifice radius. It is found in this experiment that  = (9.89± 0.03) m/s2. This result is good enough because it is almost the same as the conventional standar value of 9.80665 m/s2 with discrepancy of around 0.85%. It indicates that the leak tank method which is described in this paper can be used to estimate the gravitational acceleration value with a good result.
The effect of type of sound damper material in the Helmholtz resonator to the output power spectrum of acoustic energy Harvester Hedwigis Harindra; Agung Bambang Setio Utomo; Ikhsan Setiawan
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (934.259 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v3i2.38148

Abstract

Acoustic energy harvesting is one of many ways to harness acoustic noises as wasted energy into useful electical energy using an acoustic energy harvester. Acoustic energy harvester that tested by Dimastya (2018) which is consisted of loudspeaker and Helmholtz resonator, produced two-peak spectrum. It is suspected that the first peak is due to Helmholtz resonator resonance and the second peak comesfrom the resonance of the conversion loudspeaker. This research is to experimentally confirm the guess of the origin of the first peak. The experiments are performed by adding silencer materials on the resonator inner wall which are expected to be able to reduce the height of first peak and to know how they affect the output electric power spectrum of the acoustic energy harvester. Three different silencer materials are used, those are glasswool, acoustic foam, and styrofoam, with the same thickness of 12 cm. The results show that glasswool absorbs sound more effectively than acostic foam and styrofoam. The use of glasswool, acoustic foam, and styrofoam with 12 cm thickness lowered the first peak by 90% (from 39 mW to 0,5 mW), 82% (from 39 mW to 0,7 mW), and 82% (from 39 mW to 0,7 mW), respectively. Based on these results, it is concluded that the guess of the origin of the first peak is confirmed.
The effect of housing volume of a converting loudspeaker on the output electric power of a loudspeaker-based acoustic energy harvester Ikhsan Setiawan
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v4i2.47551

Abstract

Acoustic energy harvester is a device that converts sound or acoustic energy into electrical energy. Generally, the main components of this instrument are an acoustic transducer and an acoustic resonator. In this study, the transducer used was a 4-inch woofer loudspeaker, without acoustic resonator but equipped with a cylindrical housing with a fixed cross-sectional area and a length that can be varied from 6 cm until 25 cm by using a piston. Experimental results for various housing volumes showed a similar pattern of the dependence of the generated electric power on the incoming sound frequencies. In addition, it was found that (within the range of the volume variations) the output electric power increased significantly when the volume of the housing was increased. The highest root-mean-square (rms) electric power obtained was 1.72 mW resulting from sound with a sound pressure level (SPL) of 105 dB and a frequency of 84 Hz and by using a length of the housing cylinder of 25 cm (housing volume of 3243.7 cm3)
Experimental study on the effect of hydraulic radius of stack on the performance of thermoacoustic prime mover with open resonator Yoga Nur Adhitama; Danang D Cahyadi; Ikhsan Setiawan; Agung B. S. Utomo
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (931.89 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v2i1.28996

Abstract

Thermoacoustic prime mover is a device which converts thermal energy into acoustic work. The device mainly consists of a resonator pipe, a stack (a porous medium), and two heat exchangers. Four stacks were made of a pile of stainless wire-mesh screens with various mesh numbers of #12, #14, #16, and #18, providing the effective hydraulic radius of 0.32 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.23 mm, respectively. Each stack has 4 cm length. By using the wire-mesh screens, it is easier to vary the hydraulic radius of stack than any other material. The stack is sandwiched between a hot heat exchanger and an ambient heat exchanger. The resonator is made of a stainless-steel pipe with one end open and the other closed. The stack and heat exchangers are placed inside a resonator pipe near the closed end. The thermal energy were provided by using an electric heater which is installed at the hot heat exchanger. Ambient water was flowing through the ambient heat exchanger. Sound is produced by the stack when the temperature difference between the both ends of stack reachs an onset point. This experiments were performed by recording the temperatures at both ends of stack and the pressure amplitudes of the sound at several points along the resonator for various hydraulic radius of stack. It is found that the effective hydraulic radius of 0.28 mm gives the lowest onset temperature, the shortest time to reach onset condition, and the highest pressure amplitude which are 314°C, 299 s, and 2.89 kPa, respectively. The frequency of sound is not altered by the change of hydraulic radius of stack.
The construction and testing of an acoustic energy harvester consisting of a Helmholtz resonator and a loudspeaker Ikhsan Setiawan; Mulaiyinatus Sifa
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v4i1.47587

Abstract

Sound energy is all around but not properly utilized despite being a source of electricity. This research was conducted to construct and test an acoustic energy harvester consisting of a Helmholtz resonator and a loudspeaker. The resonator cavity was made of 10 mm-thick cube-shaped acrylic plates with an inner side length of 300 mm while its neck was made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes with an inner diameter of 55 mm and three length variations at 50 mm, 70 mm, and 90 mm. A 6-inch subwoofer loudspeaker was mounted on the resonator back wall facing the cavity with its terminals connected to a 100-ohm load resistor. The sound waves entering the resonator cavity through the neck were converted into the alternating electric current flowing through the resistor. The test was conducted experimentally by exposing the harvester to sound waves at a maximum sound pressure level (SPL) of 100 dB and frequency variations from 25 Hz to 200 Hz. The root-mean-square (rms) voltages across the resistor were measured to calculate the output rms values for electric power. The results showed seven spectrum peaks which appeared at frequencies of 31 Hz, 37 Hz, 41 Hz, 49 Hz, 58 Hz, 73 Hz, and 82 Hz. Moreover, a shorter neck was also observed to have produced higher output power as indicated by the highest value of 2.75 mW obtained by using a 50 mm-long resonator neck at 37 Hz frequency and 100 dB SPL. These findings showed the acoustic energy harvester used to be effective due to its ability to produce electricity even at low frequencies below 100 Hz.
Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Frekuensi Bunyi dan Panjang Resonator Lurus Terhadap Penurunan Suhu Dalam Alat Pendingin Termoakustik Tipe Gelombang Berjalan Mega C. Gupita; Ikhsan Setiawan; Agung B. S. Utomo
Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2017: Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2017
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (963.027 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16380

Abstract

Abstract:. Traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigerators are alternative and environmentally friendly cooling devices which use traveling sound wave in heat removing process to have some cooling. The structure of these devices usually have a combination of a straight resonator tube and a loop tube. In this experiment, we used PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe with inner diameter of 55 mm to construct the resonator and loop tubes. The working gas inside the tubes is atmospheric air. The regenerator has 40 mm length and 53 mm diameter, it is made of a tight stack of stainless-steel wire-mesh screens with mesh number of 60 mesh/inch. A 10-inch loudspeaker and an audio amplifier are used as the sound source. Audio signal and frequency are provided and controlled by using a function generator. In this research, the influences of sound frequency and resonator length on the temperature decrease of air are studied experimentally, with the loop tube length is constant at 390 cm. The sound frequency is varied in the range of 26 Hz – 43 Hz, while the resonator range is varied into 40cm, 55cm, 80cm, 105cm, and 130cm. Experimental results show that the maximum temperature decrease of 21.4°C (i.e. from 26.5°C down to 5.1°C) is obtained by using 105 cm resonator length and 31 Hz sound frequency. Abstrak: Peranti pendingin termoakustik gelombang berjalan merupakan alat pendingin alternatif ramah lingkungan yang menggunakan gelombang bunyi berjalan untuk melakukan pemindahan kalor sehingga menghasilkan pendinginan. Alat pendingin termoakustik ini umumnya memiliki struktur berupa gabungan pipa resonator lurus dan pipa simpal. Pada eksperimen ini, pipa yang digunakan adalah pipa PVC (polyvinyl chloride) memiliki diameter-dalam 55 mm. Pipa resonator dan simpal berisi udara biasa sebagai gas kerja. Regenerator yang digunakan memiliki panjang 40 mm dengan diameter sekitar 53 mm dan terbuat dari lembaran-lembaran kasa kawat stainless-steel berukuran 60 mesh/inchi yang disusun rapat. Sebuah loudspeaker 10 inci serta sebuah unit penguat audio digunakan sebagai sumber bunyi. Sinyal dan frekuensi audio diberikan dan diatur dengan sebuah unit function generator. Pada penelitian ini, pengaruh frekuensi bunyi dan panjang pipa (resonator) lurus terhadap besar penurunan suhu udara dipelajari secara eksperimen dengan panjang (keliling) simpal dibuat tetap sebesar 390 cm. Frekuensi bunyi divariasikan dalam interval 26 Hz – 43 Hz, sedangkan pipa resonator memiliki variasi panjang 40 cm, 55 cm, 80 cm, 105 cm, dan 130 cm. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa penurunan suhu terbesar yaitu 21,5 °C (dari 26.5 °C menjadi 5.1 °C) diperoleh dengan panjang resonator 105 cm dengan frekuensi bunyi 31 Hz.
Pengujian Alat Pemanen Energi Akustik Berbasis Loudspeaker Dengan Sumber Kebisingan Acak Dari Mesin Kendaraan Bermotor Untung Adi Santosa; Ikhsan Setiawan; B.S. Utomo
Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2019: Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1244.66 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v4i0.35921

Abstract

Abstract: This paper reports the test results of a loudspeaker-based acoustic energy harvester with acoustic random noise sources from a motorcycle. The harvester consists of a quarter wavelength resonator and a subwoofer type loudspeaker with a nominal diameter of 6 inches. The motorcycle used in this experiment is 135 cc Bajaj Pulsar motorsport with modified exhaust from the GBS-Motosport Jakarta. The motor engine is operated at 3000 rpm, resulting in noise with a fluctuating Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in the range of (90-93) dB. Six variations of resonator lengths are used, those are 21 cm, 31 cm, 58 cm, 85 cm, 112 cm, and 139 cm. In this test, data of dominant frequency, SPL, and output rms voltage were taken for 15 minutes. The rms voltage is measured at 100 Ω load resistor. The results show that the 112 cm resonator produces the highest average rms electrical power, that is (0.21 ± 0.01) mW, which is obtained at frequency that fluctuates within (95-120) Hz. In addition, with random sound sources, SPL and its dominant frequency fluctuate greatly, so it will greatly affect the generated electric power. Further research is needed to enhance the output electrical power and anticipate the impact of frequency fluctuation which exists in random noise sources.Abstrak: Paper ini memaparkan hasil pengujian alat pemanen energi akustik berbasis loudspeaker dengan sumber kebisingan acak dari mesin kendaraan bermotor. Alat pemanen energi akustik ini terdiri dari resonator seperempat panjang gelombang dan loudspeaker jenis subwoofer dengan diameter nominal 6 inci. Sumber kebisingan yang digunakan adalah motor Bajaj Pulsar 135 cc dengan knalpot modifikasi dari GBS-Motosport Jakarta. Mesin motor dioperasikan pada laju putaran tetap 3000 rpm, sehingga menghasilkan kebisingan dengan SPL (sound pressure level) yang berfluktuasi dalam interval (90-93) dB. Digunakan enam variasi panjang resonator, yaitu 21 cm, 31 cm, 58 cm, 85 cm, 112 cm, dan 139 cm. Dalam pengujian ini, data frekuensi dominan kebisingan, SPL kebisingan, dan tegangan keluaran alat pemanen energi akustik diambil selama 15 menit. Tegangan rms keluaran diukur pada resistor beban 100 Ω. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa resonator dengan panjang 112 cm menghasilkan daya listrik rms rata-rata tertinggi yaitu sebesar (0,21 ± 0,01) mW, diperoleh pada frekuensi yang berfluktuasi antara 95 Hz sampai 120 Hz. Selain itu, hasil eksperimen ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan sumber bunyi acak, SPL kebisingan dan frekuensi dominannya sangat berfluktuasi, sehingga akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap daya listrik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk meningkatkan daya listrik keluaran dan mengantisipasi dampak fluktuasi frekuensi sumber kebisingan acak.