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Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ)
Published by Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu
ISSN : 27742679     EISSN : 27742679     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62159/sembj.vxxx
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Science, Education, Agriculture,
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Other
SEMB-J, sharia economic and management business journal is peer-reviewed journal published by Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu. SEMB-J focus on the research of sharia economic and management business. The aim of this journal is to explore and develop economic management related to islamic and business. The focus of this journal is an effort to publish scientific works related to thoughts or studies in the field of sharia accounting and banking as well as actualizing and adding to the treasures of a better understanding of sharia accounting and banking through publishing articles and research reports. SEMB-J Journal of Sharia Economic and Management Business accepts original works which are the results of research, including: Accountancy; Sharia Accounting; Banking; Sharia Banking; Sharia Banking Information Systems; Sharia Banking Audit; Sharia Banking; Management; Sharia Banking Liquidity Management; Sharia Banking Ethics; Marketing Management of Sharia Banking; Finance; Sharia Finance; Cash Waqf;
Arjuna Subject : Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (semua kategori) - Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 191 Documents
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Linking Transformational Leadership and KPI Systems to Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Expectancy-Based Motivation in Public Transportation Robby Ardiansyah; Djoko Soelistya; Eva Desembrianita
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2668

Abstract

Background: This research examines how transformational leadership and key performance indicator (KPI) systems influence employee performance, with expectancy-based motivation as a mediating mechanism in public transportation. The study addresses a gap in prior research that has commonly used general work motivation, organizational commitment, or job satisfaction rather than expectancy-based motivation to explain how leadership and performance-management systems are translated into performance outcomes. Research Gap: Previous studies have examined transformational leadership and performance through general work motivation, organizational commitment, or job satisfaction. Such mediators are useful, but they do not directly specify the cognitive chain linking effort, performance, and valued outcomes. Furthermore, limited research has examined transformational leadership and KPI systems simultaneously in a public transportation context. Novelty: This study focuses specifically on expectancy-based motivation as the mediating mechanism and examines transformational leadership and KPI systems simultaneously in a public transportation context. It extends expectancy theory from an individual-level motivational explanation to an integrated organizational model where leadership and KPI architecture function as antecedents of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS. The measurement model was assessed through convergent validity and reliability, while the structural model was evaluated through path coefficients, indirect effects, and R-square. Results: Transformational leadership positively affects employee performance (β=0.276) and expectancy-based motivation (β=0.489). KPI systems positively affect employee performance (β=0.241) and expectancy-based motivation (β=0.352). Expectancy-based motivation positively affects employee performance (β=0.418). The indirect effects of transformational leadership (β=0.204) and KPI systems (β=0.147) through expectancy-based motivation are significant, indicating partial mediation. The model explains 64.2% of the variance in expectancy-based motivation and 71.1% of employee performance. Conclusion: Public transportation organizations should combine transformational leadership with transparent, fair, and behaviorally balanced KPI systems, supported by coaching, feedback, recognition, and ethical safeguards. The findings extend expectancy theory by showing that leadership and KPI design operate as organizational antecedents of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence perceptions in a public-service setting.
Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture in Enhancing Political Party Leaders’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Communication Strategy on Electoral Outcomes Asmaul Chusna Ike Wahyuni; Djoko Soelistya; Eva Desembrianita
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2683

Abstract

Background: Background: In the competitive landscape of modern Indonesian democracy, political parties must optimize leadership effectiveness and organizational culture to achieve electoral success. Transformational leadership and organizational culture are critical determinants of party leaders' performance, yet their mechanisms of influence remain underexplored, particularly within Islamic political contexts. Research Gap: Despite extensive leadership literature, empirical studies examining the combined effects of transformational leadership, organizational culture, and communication strategy on political party leaders' performance in Indonesian Islamic political parties are limited. Additionally, the mediating role of communication strategy between these organizational factors and electoral outcomes has received insufficient attention. Novelty: This study introduces an integrated framework combining transformational leadership theory with Islamic leadership principles (ṣiddīq, amānah, tablīgh, faṭānah) within Indonesia's Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), offering a unique socio-religious perspective on political leadership effectiveness. Method: A quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 PAN members and administrators selected via purposive sampling. Results: Transformational leadership significantly influences communication strategy (β=0.45, p<0.001) and leaders' performance (β=0.41, p<0.001). Organizational culture significantly affects communication strategy (β=0.38, p<0.001) and leaders' performance (β=0.35, p<0.001). Communication strategy strongly impacts leaders' performance (β=0.47, p<0.001) and electoral outcomes (β=0.52, p<0.001). Communication strategy partially mediates both relationships. Conclusion: Integrating transformational leadership, organizational culture, and communication strategy enhances political leaders' performance and electoral outcomes. The findings extend conventional leadership theory by incorporating Islamic governance principles, offering practical implications for developing ethical, professional political organizations in Indonesia's democratic context.
When Digital Needs Are Not Enough: Social Norms, Digital Consumption, and Well-Being through an Islamic Ethical Lens Intan Kusuma Pratiwi; Ulfatun Hasanah; Nur Awwalunnisa
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2696

Abstract

Background: Digital technology has become increasingly integral to contemporary society, raising questions about whether digital needs function as basic needs that directly contribute to well-being. However, existing studies have not fully explained whether digital need priority influences well-being directly or whether this relationship depends on digital consumption behavior and digital well-being. Research Gap: Most previous research views the relationship between digital needs and well-being as straightforward, assuming increased digital priorities automatically impact individual well-being. This approach tends to ignore the possibility that digital consumption behavior may play a role in explaining the relationship between need orientation and psychological outcomes. Furthermore, social factors are often overlooked in explaining why digital needs become a priority. Novelty: This study re-examines the role of digital need priority by integrating social norms, digital motivation, digital consumption behavior, and digital well-being. It conceptualizes digital need priority as a cognitive-evaluative orientation rather than as a proxy for access or use intensity, distinguishing instrumental and hedonic digital consumption behaviors. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected through a survey of 156 urban respondents who actively used digital technology. The proposed model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: Digital need priority does not significantly influence digital well-being, either directly or indirectly through digital consumption behavior. Instead, both instrumental and hedonic digital consumption behaviors significantly enhance digital well-being. Digital well-being subsequently increases subjective well-being and reduces stress. Subjective norm, rather than digital motivation, significantly shapes digital need priority. Conclusion: Digital needs may function more as socially influenced priorities than as direct determinants of well-being. Improving well-being in the digital era requires not only access to technology but also balanced, purposeful, and healthy digital consumption practices. From an Islamic ethical perspective, digital well-being requires purposeful and balanced use that advances maslahah while avoiding israf.
A Blockchain-Based Cash Waqf Model for Financing Ultra-Micro Enterprises in Indonesia Shofia Mauizotun Hasanah; Dewi Sartika Nasution; Imronjana Syapriatama; Dony Handriawan
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2724

Abstract

Background: Ultra-micro enterprises in Indonesia continue to face limited access to formal financing because of inadequate collateral, weak financial records, irregular cash flows, and high administrative costs. Cash waqf has the potential to provide sustainable financing, but its implementation is constrained by fragmented institutional records, limited transparency, weak accountability, and low public trust. Research Gap: The existing literature remains largely disconnected between Islamic microfinance, cash waqf governance, and blockchain applications. Limited discussion exists of a model designed specifically for Indonesia that brings together the protection of the waqf principal, institutional responsibilities, and permissioned blockchain governance for ultra-micro enterprise financing. Novelty: This study develops a blockchain-based cash-waqf model that integrates institutional actors (waqif, LKS-PWU, registered nazhir, Indonesian Waqf Board, Micro Waqf Banks, Sharia supervisory boards, auditors, mentors, and ultra-micro enterprises) through a permissioned consortium blockchain. It distinguishes blockchain as governance infrastructure from cryptocurrency, separates financial settlement from recordkeeping, and incorporates privacy-by-design through off-chain data protection. Method: A qualitative descriptive-analytical approach based on library research and document analysis was employed. Data were obtained from peer-reviewed publications, scholarly books, regulations, government documents, and institutional reports concerning cash waqf, Micro Waqf Banks, Islamic microfinance, blockchain, smart contracts, and financial inclusion. Data were analysed through descriptive, qualitative content, and thematic analyses. Results: The proposed model uses a permissioned consortium blockchain where all financial transactions remain in Indonesian rupiah while blockchain records approvals, fund allocations, disbursements, repayments, mentoring, audits, and impact reports. Smart contracts support operational stages including programme approval, beneficiary screening, gradual disbursement, repayment tracking, and auditing. Sensitive personal information is stored separately in secure off-chain databases. The integration of these mechanisms enhances transparency, institutional coordination, accountability, and efficient fund distribution while preserving the principal value of cash waqf. Conclusion: Blockchain can strengthen the governance of cash-waqf financing when supported by clear institutional responsibilities, Sharia supervision, data protection, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance. The proposed model remains conceptual and requires expert validation, prototype development, and pilot implementation.
Implementation of Blue Economy Policy in Marine Resource Management to Support Economic Growth Imsar; Purnama Ramadani Silalahi; Nurul Aulia Dewi; Dimas Surya
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v6i3.2978

Abstract

Background: Aceh Province has abundant marine resources with a coastline exceeding 2,500 kilometers, yet the fisheries sector's contribution to Gross Regional Domestic Product remains low at only 5.23%. Excessive exploitation, marine pollution, and mangrove degradation threaten ecological sustainability and coastal community welfare. The blue economy concept offers a sustainable development approach balancing economic growth and environmental preservation. Research Gap: Previous studies have generally focused on specific sectors such as coral reef conservation without integrating multidisciplinary analysis encompassing ecological, socio-cultural, and institutional policy aspects comprehensively. Limited research has examined blue economy implementation in Aceh with a focus on local wisdom integration. Novelty: This study offers an integrative approach combining economic, ecological, and institutional governance dimensions within a single analytical framework. It specifically examines the role of Panglima Laot traditional institutions in marine governance, an aspect underexplored in previous literature, and proposes an adaptive policy model integrating ecologically based incentives. Method: A qualitative descriptive analytical approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation with informants including traditional leaders (Panglima Laot) and representatives of the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Agency. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: Implementation of the blue economy in Aceh includes marine ecosystem conservation, mangrove rehabilitation (100 hectares annually), fish house construction, and establishment of 149,000 hectares of Marine Protected Areas. Challenges include limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure, budget constraints, and overlapping authority between central and regional governments. Panglima Laot traditional institutions play a strategic role in regulating fishing zones, enforcing customary bans, and strengthening participatory marine governance. Conclusion: Integration of blue economy policies with local wisdom is essential for realizing sustainable and equitable marine resource management. Strengthening customary institutions, improving inter-agency coordination, and enhancing fisher capacity are critical for optimizing marine potential and improving coastal community welfare.
Community Empowerment Strategy Based on Local Wisdom in Reducing Unemployment Rates in North Sumatra in the Perspective of Religious Moderation Yusrizal; Umi Rachmah Damayanti; Inayatul Widad Nasution
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2718

Abstract

Background: North Sumatra possesses diverse forms of local wisdom embedded in Malay, Batak Toba, Karo, Chinese, Indian/Tamil, and other communities. These cultural assets have economic potential through tourism, culinary businesses, crafts, traditional clothing, performances, and community-based creative industries. However, their contribution to employment creation depends on whether cultural assets can be transformed into sustainable value chains supported by capable community institutions, inclusive governance, market access, responsible financing, and protection of cultural and environmental assets. Research Gap: Previous studies have separately addressed local wisdom and creative industries, community empowerment and local development, tourism-based community participation, and Islamic social finance. However, limited attention has been given to an integrated framework linking local wisdom, community empowerment, employment pathways, religious moderation, Islamic economic values, practical institutional mechanisms, and multidimensional sustainability in North Sumatra. Novelty: This study offers an integrated analytical framework connecting local wisdom assets, community empowerment, creative economy value chains, employment diversification, religious moderation as governance mechanism, Islamic economic principles (maslahah, 'adl, ta'awun, tawazun), Islamic social finance instruments, and sustainable livelihood principles in a single coherent model for North Sumatra. Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive document-analysis approach based on scholarly literature, institutional documentation, and prior studies concerning local wisdom and community-based economic development in North Sumatra. The materials are analyzed through data reduction, thematic classification, cross-case comparison, interpretation, and synthesis. Results: The findings show that local wisdom can generate employment through interconnected activities such as cultural guiding, performing arts, craft production, culinary microenterprises, festival services, digital marketing, homestays, and agro-cultural tourism. Evidence from Pematang Johar rice-field tourism and Maimun Palace illustrates how locally rooted attractions can create space for farmers, traders, microenterprises, guides, and service providers. Five priority strategies are identified: skills and digital market access; institutional collaboration and business incubation; inclusive multiethnic governance grounded in religious moderation; Islamic social finance and halal-livelihood support; and cultural, environmental, and climate resilience. Conclusion: Maslahah, 'adl, ta'awun, tawazun, and work as ibadah provide normative principles for broad benefit, fair access, cooperation, balance, and ethical production. Because the study relies on secondary data, it identifies context-specific employment and sustainable-livelihood pathways rather than a causal reduction in unemployment.
The Role of Adaptive Innovation in Sustainable Competitiveness: Evidence from Private Higher Education Institutions' Response to Digital Disruption on Student Retention and Institutional Reputation Yenny Marthalena; M. Yusuf S. Barusman; Andala R.P. Barusman; Defrizal Defrizal; Sunarmi Sunarmi; Yuni Astini
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2738

Abstract

Background: Private higher education institutions face increasing pressure from digital disruption, competition, and changing stakeholder expectations. However, digital transformation does not automatically lead to innovation outcomes. This study examines the roles of digital disruption, dynamic capabilities, and organizational ambidexterity in developing adaptive innovation and its impact on student retention, institutional reputation, and sustainable competitive advantage. Research Gap: Previous studies have largely focused on technology adoption, digital learning platforms, and technological readiness, providing limited explanation of how digital disruption is transformed into adaptive innovation and institutional outcomes. The organizational mechanisms underlying adaptive innovation remain insufficiently integrated, with dynamic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity often examined separately rather than as interconnected capability mechanisms. Novelty: This study develops an integrated framework linking digital disruption, dynamic capabilities, and organizational ambidexterity with adaptive innovation, and examines how adaptive innovation contributes to student retention, institutional reputation, and sustainable competitive advantage in private higher education institutions, extending Dynamic Capabilities Theory into the higher education context. Method: A quantitative explanatory design using a cross-sectional survey was employed. Data were collected from 316 academic and managerial respondents across 77 private higher education institutions in the LLDIKTI Region II area of Indonesia. The proposed model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS 4.0, including measurement model assessment, structural model evaluation, effect size analysis, and predictive assessment. Results: The findings show that dynamic capabilities strongly influence adaptive innovation (β=0.802, p<0.001), followed by organizational ambidexterity (β=0.241, p<0.001). Adaptive innovation positively affects student retention (β=0.741, p<0.001) and institutional reputation (β=0.916, p<0.001), while institutional reputation enhances sustainable competitive advantage (β=0.744, p<0.001). Digital disruption does not significantly influence adaptive innovation (β=-0.036, p=0.054), indicating that technology pressure alone is insufficient to generate innovation without organizational capabilities. The model explains 93.3% of the variance in adaptive innovation. Conclusion: Adaptive innovation in private higher education institutions is primarily capability-driven rather than technology-driven. The study extends Dynamic Capabilities Theory by demonstrating that organizational capabilities are essential for transforming digital challenges into innovation outcomes and sustainable competitiveness.
Gendered Push-Pull-Mooring: Investigating E-Wallet Switching Intention in Indonesia Deni Bagas Pradana; Yesiana Ihda Kusnayain; Ahmad Maulana Rahmansyah; Ananta Mahogra Bachtiar; Hanang Ilham Yohana
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2614

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study examines e-wallet switching intention in Indonesia through the Push–Pull–Mooring (PPM) framework, integrating Dissatisfaction with System Quality (DS) and Privacy Concerns (PC) as push factors, Perceived Benefits (PB) as pull factor, and Social Influence (SO) and Inertia (IN) as mooring factors. Gender serves as a grouping variable analyzed via Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). Methods: A quantitative explanatory design was employed with 258 valid responses from active Indonesian e-wallet users. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0, followed by MICOM and permutation-based MGA based on gender (0 = male, n = 102; 1 = female, n = 156). Results: DS (β = 0.391, p = 0.000) and PB (β = 0.138, p = 0.014) significantly influence switching intention, while SO (β = 0.274, p = 0.000) also exerts a significant positive effect. IN (β = 0.134, p = 0.063) and PC (β = −0.052, p = 0.392) do not significantly influence switching intention. R² = 0.438. MICOM confirms partial measurement invariance. Bootstrap MGA reveals no statistically significant gender differences across all paths. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with system quality and social influence are primary drivers of e-wallet switching intention, while perceived benefits act as an additional pull driver. The absence of significant gender differences supports universal, gender-inclusive retention strategies. Providers should prioritize service reliability, privacy transparency, and benefit-enhancement programs to minimize user migration.
Reconstruction Islamic Banking Fiqh Based on Maqashid al-Shariah: Strengthening Islamic Economic Ecosystem and Authority Religious Courts (PA) in Indonesia Tentiyo Suharto; Budi Kisworo; Mawardi Lubis; Maryam Batubara
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2960

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: The rapid evolution of the global Islamic finance industry necessitates a methodological shift from rigid, text-based legal compliance (hilah) toward a purpose-driven framework that prioritizes the substantive objectives of Islamic law (Maqashid al-Shariah). Simultaneously, massive financial digitalization introduces regulatory gaps, while the Religious Courts face capacity challenges in adjudicating complex, tech-driven economic disputes under standard formalistic procedures. Research Gap: A distinct dichotomy persists between the rapid innovation of digital-based Islamic banking products and the slow adaptation of contemporary fiqh methodologies and judicial doctrines, creating a disparity between formal legal certainty and substantive justice for modern economic actors. Novelty: This study introduces a comprehensive, multi-layered integrated framework that unifies fiqh reconstruction, maqashid-based banking governance, economic ecosystem orchestration (commercial finance, ZISWAF, MSMEs, and fintech), and religious judicial oversight into a self-correcting structural feedback loop. Method: Employing a combined juridical-normative and socio-legal approach, this study analyzes conceptual foundations, statutory regulations, court jurisdictions, and contemporary Islamic legal literature, utilizing qualitative descriptive-analytical evaluation of primary and secondary legal materials. Results: The findings demonstrate that reconstructing fiqh through the five objectives of Maqashid al-Shariah transforms Islamic banks from conventional intermediaries into holistic ecosystem orchestrators aligned with ESG standards and the Sharia Maqashid Index (SMI). Furthermore, expanding the absolute jurisdiction of Religious Courts through maqashid-based judicial interpretation enables judges to resolve complex modern financial disputes and enforce substantive distributive justice. Conclusion: Synchronizing jurisprudential reform, ethical market orchestration, and adaptive judicial oversight successfully bridges theoretical legal principles with practical execution, establishing a resilient, equitable, and sustainable Islamic economic ecosystem. Keywords: Islamic Banking Fiqh, Maqashid al-Shariah, Islamic Economic Ecosystem, Religious Courts Authority, Substantive Justice
The Role of Digital-Based Marketing Management in Expanding the Market Reach of MSMEs in Deli Serdang Regency Ronda Deli Sianturi; Syafriadi
Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Sharia Economic and Management Business
Publisher : Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62159/sembj.v7i3.2638

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in regional economic development; however, many MSMEs face challenges in expanding their market reach due to limited marketing capabilities and intense competition. The rapid development of digital technology has created new opportunities for MSMEs to overcome these limitations through digital-based marketing management. This study aims to examine the role of digital-based marketing management in expanding the market reach of MSMEs in Deli Serdang Regency. This research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 100 MSMEs in Deli Serdang Regency that actively utilize digital marketing platforms. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, and simple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS software. The results indicate that digital-based marketing management has a positive and significant effect on market reach expansion among MSMEs. Effective management of digital marketing activities enables MSMEs to increase customer numbers, expand geographical market coverage, and enhance brand visibility. The findings suggest that digital-based marketing management is a key strategic factor in improving MSME competitiveness and supporting sustainable business growth. This study provides practical implications for MSME owners and policymakers to strengthen digital marketing capabilities through training programs, strategic guidance, and improved digital infrastructure to maximize market expansion opportunities.

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