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Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora
Published by Universitas Pattimura
ISSN : 30262593     EISSN : 30263468     DOI : https://doi.org/10.30598/baileofisipvol1iss2year20
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Environmental Science Social Sciences
Focus Fokus Utama: - Sosiologi: Sosiologi merupakan studi ilmiah tentang masyarakat manusia, struktur sosial, interaksi sosial, dan perubahan sosial. Ini melibatkan analisis sistem nilai, norma, lembaga sosial, dan dinamika sosial yang mempengaruhi individu dan kelompok dalam masyarakat. - Ilmu Komunikasi: Ilmu Komunikasi adalah bidang studi yang mempelajari proses komunikasi manusia, termasuk cara pesan disampaikan, diterima, dan dipahami oleh individu, kelompok, atau masyarakat. Ini mencakup berbagai aspek, seperti komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal, komunikasi interpersonal, komunikasi massa, retorika, media, dan teori komunikasi. - Ilmu Administrasi Negara: lmu Administrasi Negara adalah bidang studi yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan dan organisasi pemerintahan dalam konteks suatu negara. Bidang ini mencakup berbagai aspek seperti perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, dan evaluasi kebijakan publik. - Ilmu Pemerintahan: Ilmu Pemerintahan adalah bidang studi yang berkaitan dengan analisis, studi, dan pemahaman tentang proses pemerintahan, sistem politik, serta fungsi dan struktur pemerintah dalam suatu negara. Fokus utama Ilmu Pemerintahan adalah memahami bagaimana kebijakan publik dibuat, diimplementasikan, dan dievaluasi dalam konteks sistem politik tertentu. Cakupan Topik: Jurnal ini mencakup berbagai topik dalam bidang sosial dan humaniora, termasuk namun tidak terbatas pada: - Kajian Sosiologi - Kajian Ilmu Komunikasi - Kajian Ilmu Administrasi Negara - Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Sosiologi dan Ilmu Politik
Articles 109 Documents
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Commodities in Unequal Exchange: Global Price Formation and Indonesia’s RBD Coconut Oil Exports Sarah Diba; Tavi Supriana; Iskandarini Iskandarini
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 2 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss2pp562-583

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of Indonesia’s Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized Coconut Oil (RBD CNO) export volume through the lens of unequal exchange and global price formation. Using panel data from seven major destination countries—China, the United States, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Russia, Singapore, and Malaysia—over the period 2014–2023, the analysis estimates Common Effect, Fixed Effect, and Random Effect models, with model selection based on the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. The results indicate that international RBD CNO prices exert a negative and statistically significant effect on export volume, while the GDP of importing countries has a positive and significant influence. In contrast, population size and Indonesia’s domestic production capacity show no significant effects. These findings suggest that export performance is shaped more by external market structures and purchasing power asymmetries than by domestic supply conditions. The study’s novelty lies in integrating panel econometric analysis with a political economy perspective, demonstrating how Indonesia’s position as a primary commodity exporter entails structural vulnerability to global price volatility. The findings contribute to sociological debates on trade dependency and unequal exchange, highlighting how asymmetric market relations constrain export growth in the Global South.
The Experiences of Safety Among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA) Students at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Matshepo Maebana; Constance Matshidiso Lelaka
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 2 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss2pp584-597

Abstract

Discrimination, prejudice, and hate crimes against members of the LGBTQIA community remain prevalent. As a minority group, LGBTQIA individuals continue to face numerous challenges, despite university policies that describe the campus environment as inclusive. This study adopted a qualitative research approach, with data collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, and the data were analysed thematically. The findings reveal that members of the LGBTQIA community experience significant safety concerns and do not perceive the university as LGBTQIA-friendly. Five themes emerged from the analysis: understanding of LGBTQIA terminology, perceptions of safety among LGBTQIA students, concerns regarding safe spaces in university residences, lack of a supportive environment, and the various challenges faced by LGBTQIA students. This study contributes to existing knowledge by providing a foundation for further research, informing and strengthening inclusive interventions and policies, and supporting LGBTQIA advocacy efforts aimed at creating safer environments that promote the well-being and rights of the LGBTQIA community.
When Certification Matters More Than Productivity: Geographical Indications and the Social Construction of Coffee Prices Among Smallholder Farmers in Rural Indonesia Riantri Barus; Hilda Fitrah Nasution; M. Jufri
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 2 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss2pp524-541

Abstract

This article examines how Geographical Indication (GI) certification reshapes coffee price formation and smallholder farmers’ income beyond conventional productivity-based explanations. Challenging dominant agricultural development perspectives that associate income growth primarily with yield improvement, the study addresses a paradox among Arabica coffee farmers in Sipirok, rural Indonesia: certified farmers exhibit lower productivity and higher production costs, yet achieve significantly higher incomes. Using a comparative quantitative design with sociological interpretation, data were collected from 61 GI-certified and 29 non-certified farmers. Annual cash flow analysis and independent sample t-tests were applied to compare production levels, costs, prices, and income. The results indicate that GI-certified farmers incur substantially higher costs, mainly due to organic inputs and strict harvesting standards, and obtain lower yields, but receive coffee prices approximately 2.5 times higher than those of non-certified farmers, leading to statistically higher incomes. These findings demonstrate that price, rather than productivity, constitutes the primary mechanism of income differentiation. Drawing on economic and rural sociology, the study conceptualizes GI certification as a market institution that socially constructs prices through legitimacy, symbolic value, and consumer trust linked to origin and quality. The article contributes empirical evidence from Indonesia on how symbolic valuation reshapes agrarian livelihoods and generates new forms of market dependence.
Exploring the Underlying Factors Contributing to Millennials and Generation Z’s Difficulties in Entering Marriage in South Africa Phumuzani Mpofu; Bakhe Dlamini
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp618-633

Abstract

This study explores the factors underlying the difficulties faced by Millennials and Generation Z in entering marriage in South Africa, while examining the social, cultural, economic, and psychological dynamics shaping such decisions. Employing a qualitative case study design within the framework of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and a transformative paradigm, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with purposively selected unmarried participants aged 18–45. The findings reveal that marriage is no longer perceived as an automatic life stage but as a reflexively negotiated institution balancing sacred values and transactional considerations. Key barriers include fear of divorce rooted in family experiences, economic constraints—particularly wedding costs and lobola practices—prioritization of education and career, shifting gender roles, the influence of social media in constructing unrealistic expectations, and the need for emotional readiness and psychological maturity. The study also identifies a shift in the meaning of marriage from a foundational life stage to a capstone achievement requiring financial stability, individual autonomy, and relational competence. This research contributes theoretically by applying CHAT to conceptualize marriage as a dynamic and contradiction-laden activity system, positioning delayed marriage as a complex negotiation between tradition and modernity rather than rejection. The findings highlight the need for adaptive social policies and interventions addressing relational skills, financial literacy, and culturally sensitive reforms.
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Street Homeless Persons in Johannesburg, South Africa Emmison Muleya; Constance Matshidiso Lelaka; Johanna Kedibone Deka; Phumuzani Mpofu
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp598-617

Abstract

This study examines the lived experiences of individuals experiencing street homelessness in Johannesburg, South Africa, with a focus on the structural, social, and personal factors shaping their conditions. A qualitative approach using a descriptive phenomenological design was employed. Ten adult participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. The findings indicate that homelessness is driven by an interplay of family breakdown, unemployment, poverty, substance abuse, and relationship dissolution. Participants reported prolonged exposure to harsh living conditions, significant health challenges, limited access to healthcare, and frequent experiences of violence and exploitation. Structural barriers, particularly the lack of identification documents, further restricted access to essential government services. Survival strategies included recycling, begging, and transactional sex. Contrary to common assumptions, most participants were South African citizens rather than foreign nationals. This study highlights the agency and resilience of homeless individuals and underscores the need for integrated, trauma-informed, and rights-based interventions through multi-stakeholder collaboration to inform inclusive urban policies and sustainable social responses.
An Examination of Mental Health Among Students at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Mokgadi Dikotla; Constance Matshidiso Lelaka
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp678-689

Abstract

Mental health among university students is a significant and growing concern, as students are often exposed to academic pressure, financial strain, social adjustments, and personal challenges during their studies. These stressors increase students’ vulnerability to mental health conditions such as stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout, which may negatively affect academic performance, social functioning, and overall well-being. Although many universities provide mental health support services, these services are frequently underutilized due to factors such as stigma, limited mental health awareness, cultural and religious beliefs, fear of judgment, and concerns regarding confidentiality. This study employed a qualitative research approach guided by a phenomenological research design to gain in-depth insights into students lived experiences of mental health and mental healthcare utilization. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, with participants selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed five key themes: students’ understanding of mental health, perceived causes of mental health challenges, the impact of mental health on students’ academic and personal lives, doubts regarding access to mental healthcare services, and suggested strategies to improve mental health service utilization. The study concludes that promoting mental health literacy, reducing stigma, and ensuring accessible, compassionate, and student-centered support services are essential for improving mental health outcomes. Furthermore, strengthening institutional policies and support structures is critical in fostering an inclusive university environment that prioritizes student well-being and supports academic success.
Attitudes and Preparedness of Lecturers in Supporting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual+ (LGBTQIA+) Students: The Role of Training, Policy Knowledge, and Professional Engagement Remofilwe Sara Makgorog; Constance Matshidiso Lelaka
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp690-704

Abstract

Lecturers play a pivotal role in fostering inclusive educational environments, but their attitudes and preparedness to support LGBTQIA+ students vary globally. Training in LGBTQIA+ cultural competency enhances awareness of sexual and gender diversity, enabling educators to address student needs while promoting equity, diversity, and social justice. This study explored lecturers’ attitudes and preparedness, focusing on training, policy knowledge, and professional engagement. Six themes emerged: lecturers’ attitudes, collaboration with internal and external stakeholders, importance of LGBTQIA+ training, training received, knowledge of supporting policies, and participation in LGBTQIA+ events. A qualitative exploratory case study design was used, collecting data from ten lecturers through purposive and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face and analysed thematically. Findings revealed generally positive attitudes toward LGBTQIA+ students, though concerns about correct pronoun use and misgendering were noted. Most lecturers lacked formal training, relying on self-education, with mixed views on the importance of training due to resource constraints. Awareness of policies and psychosocial support varied, with greater engagement linked to higher knowledge. Participation in LGBTQIA+ events was moderate, while collaboration with stakeholders was identified as key to effective support. The study highlights the critical need for formal training, policy awareness, and structured institutional support to strengthen lecturers’ capacity to support LGBTQIA+ students effectively.
Price Policy, Agrarian Structure, and Rural Welfare: An ARDL Analysis of Rice Governance and Farmer Exchange Rates in Indonesia Punguan Hutagalung; Surya Abadi Sembiring; Iskandarini Iskandarini
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp634-655

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the Government Purchase Price (HPP) policy and fertilizer subsidies on rice production and farmer welfare, measured by the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP), within the framework of agrarian governance in Indonesia. It examines both short-run and long-run effects while situating these policies within broader state intervention dynamics. A quantitative approach is employed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on monthly time-series data from January 2020 to December 2024, complemented by a qualitative review of policy regulations. The findings reveal that HPP significantly affects rice production in both the short and long term, albeit with a negative coefficient, indicating structural adjustment toward equilibrium. In contrast, fertilizer subsidies show no significant effect on production, reflecting implementation inefficiencies. Regarding welfare, HPP exerts a positive and significant influence on NTP, highlighting its role in enhancing farmers’ purchasing power, whereas fertilizer subsidies remain insignificant. This study contributes by integrating production and welfare analysis within a single empirical framework and reinterpreting econometric findings through a state–society relations lens. It concludes that output price policies are more effective than input subsidies, although their impact remains constrained by institutional and governance challenges.
Adaptive Acculturation in Context: Batak Students and the Reconfiguration of Social Integration in Eastern Indonesia Salni Rosita Silaban; Tonny Donald Pariela; Dominggus E.B. Saija
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp656-677

Abstract

This study examines the social adaptation of Batak students in Rumah Tiga, Ambon, and reconstructs the concept of social integration within the context of Indonesia’s island societies. It responds to the dominance of deficit-oriented approaches in migrant adaptation studies, which overemphasize conflict, culture shock, and marginalization, by proposing an alternative perspective: adaptive acculturation in context. This perspective conceptualizes adaptation as a contextual, relational, and value-based process mediated through everyday social interactions and cultural resonance. A qualitative descriptive-interpretive design was employed. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 purposively selected informants, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that social adaptation occurs relatively rapidly and positively through value negotiation, participation in informal social spaces, and the transformation of interpersonal relations from functional interactions into kinship-like ties. Initial barriers, including linguistic differences and cultural perceptions, are gradually overcome through informal learning and active engagement in local social life. Adaptation is facilitated by the interplay of bonding and bridging social capital, as well as shared cultural values such as kinship and mutual cooperation. This study contributes by introducing cultural resonance as a key mechanism of cross-cultural adaptation, highlighting informal spaces as micro-sites of integration, and reconceptualizing social integration as a dynamic and co-constructed process.
Policing in the Shadows: Undercover Buying and the Social Construction of Legal Evidence in Indonesia’s Post-KUHAP 2025 Criminal Justice System Tubagus Heru Dharma Wijaya; Abdul Madjid; Setiawan Noerdajasakti; Lucky Endrawati
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 3: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss3pp705-722

Abstract

This study examines the sociological dynamics of undercover buying in Indonesia’s post–Criminal Procedure Code 2025 (KUHAP 2025) criminal justice system, focusing on the social construction of legal evidence through investigative practices. It addresses the tension between effective narcotics enforcement and the obligation to uphold due process and human rights. Moving beyond a purely normative legal perspective, the study analyzes how undercover buying operates as a social practice that shapes the production, interpretation, and legitimacy of evidence. A qualitative socio-legal approach is employed, integrating normative analysis of statutory frameworks with empirical data. Data are drawn from court decisions, legal documents, and case reports, complemented by in-depth interviews with law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and legal practitioners. Analysis is conducted interpretatively using a social construction framework to examine how evidence is produced and legitimized within institutional settings. The findings indicate that evidence derived from undercover buying is not inherently objective but emerges from interactions among investigators, suspects, and legal norms. The practice may blur the boundary between enforcement and the construction of criminal acts, particularly where entrapment or excessive intervention occurs. Despite strengthened procedural legality under KUHAP 2025, a gap remains between legal norms and implementation. This study offers novelty by conceptualizing undercover buying as a socio-legal practice that constructs legal reality. It contributes to Global South sociology of law and recommends clearer operational standards and community-based oversight to ensure accountable and rights-based criminal justice.

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