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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
 68   69   70   71   72 
Performance of Hydrothermally Prepared NiMo Dispersed on Sulfated Zirconia Nano-Catalyst in The Conversion of Used Palm Cooking Oil into Jet Fuel Range Bio-Hydrocarbons Wijaya, Karna; Saviola, Aldino Javier; Amin, Amalia Kurnia; Vebryana, Marini Fairuz; Bhagaskara, Adyatma; Ekawati, Hilda Anggita; Ramadhani, Saffana; Saputra, Dita Adi; Agustanhakri, Agustanhakri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20157

Abstract

Human efforts to overcome environmental problems from using fossil fuels continue, such as hydroconversion of biomass into bio-jet fuel. Research on producing a jet fuel range of bio-hydrocarbons from used palm cooking oil catalyzed by sulfated zirconia impregnated with nickel-molybdenum bimetal has been successfully conducted. The hydrothermal method synthesized the nano-catalyst material in the sulfation and impregnation processes. The hydroconversion process was carried out at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 300–600 °C for 2 h with a hydrogen gas flow rate of 20 mL/min and a catalyst-to-feed ratio of 1:100 (wt%). Compared with zirconia and sulfated zirconia, NiMo-impregnated sulfated zirconia showed the best activity and selectivity in bio-jet fuel production with liquid product and selectivity of 61.07% and 43.49%, respectively. This catalyst also performed well in three consecutive runs, with bio-jet fuel selectivity in the second and third runs of 51.68% and 30.86%, respectively. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Enzymatic Transesterification Using Different Immobilized Lipases and its Biodiesel Effect on Gas Emission Mohamad Nor, Nur Fatin Syafiqah; Veny, Harumi; Hamzah, Fazlena; Muhd Rodhi, Miradatul Najwa; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Prasetiawan, Haniif; Hartanto, Dhoni; Sulaiman, Sarina; Sazali, Rozana Azrina
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20143

Abstract

Biodiesel, a third-generation bio-fuels, offering several advantages over regular diesel fuel. Waste cooking oil (WCO) emerges as an ideal feedstock due to its availability and easy accessibility. In this work, biodiesel is utilized from two different types of immobilized lipases: Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RMIM) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The impact of the molar ratio of oil to methyl acetate (1:3-1:12) was evaluated for both lipases, and the resultant biodiesel was tested in diesel engine. The enzymatic transesterification was carried out in ultrasonic assistance and the results showed that the greatest yield of 81.20% at 45℃, using CALB as a biocatalyst, 1.8% (w/v) lipase and oil to methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:12 within 3 hours. Triacetin, by-product was determined their concentration for each molar ratio and analyzed using FTIR range of 500cm-1 to 4000cm-1, revealing a significant absorption peak at 1238.90cm-1. Biodiesel was blended with commercial diesel fuel in varying quantities of 7, 10, and 20% by volume (B20). The results were compared to Industrial Diesel Fuel 7% (B7) and Commercial Diesel Fuel 10% (B10). NOx and CO2 emission drops as the percentage of diesel/biodiesel blends increases, supporting WCO as a cost-effective biodiesel feedstock with low petrol pollution.
Gelatin's Effect on Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Properties and Its Use in Thermal Regeneration for Methylene Blue Photodegradation Ulfa, Maria; Poetry, Sabrina Devinta
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2024 (October 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20172

Abstract

Two series of iron oxide nanoparticles with different textural and structural characteristics were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The iron oxide nanoparticles were made with synthetic (Pluronic P123 Amphiphilic Block Copolymer) and natural (gelatin) double templates and single P123 templates. The influences of the addition of the gelatin template on the microstructure, methylene blue degradation, and thermal photocatalyst regeneration were investigated. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) examination revealed the formation of iron-P123-gelatin (iron oxide made with P123 and gelatin templates) and iron-P123 (iron oxide made with only P123 template) with hematite and maghemite phases, where the crystallinity and crystallite size increased due to the presence of gelatin. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) studies indicated a peak at 500 cm−1, revealing the iron groups in both samples and increased intensity in the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups due to gelatin. Furthermore, the surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of iron-P123-gelatin exhibited an increment due to gelatin addition. According to the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analyzer (DTA) data, the sample with gelatin had higher thermal stability and weight loss than that without gelatin. The photodegradation of methylene blue utilizing iron-P123-gelatin reached 91.5%, showing a better performance than that of iron-P123. Finally, iron-P123-gelatin demonstrated a promising photocatalyst thermal regeneration for methylene blue photodegradation for 5 cycles at various temperatures, and it is suggested that 450 °C was the ideal temperature. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Fabrication of Zn and Ti-loaded Carbon-silica Composite Derived from Gelatin Template for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Ulfa, Maria; Hasanah, Ika Uswatun; Setiarini, Ida
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2024 (October 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20193

Abstract

Carbon-silica nanocomposites (CSNs) from gelatin as a carbon source and natural template and TEOS as a silica source have been successfully synthesized and impregnated into ZnO and TiO2 photocatalysts. The structural, morphological, and textural properties and photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation of TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs were investigated. XRD data revealed that TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs had different structural characteristics with similar crystallinity. FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of Zn–O and Ti–OC bonds, respectively, at about 500-450 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1. The morphological surface exhibited stacked tubular shapes of TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs with the primary elements of Ti, Zn, Si, C, and O. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption curves revealed both micropores and mesopores of TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs where the surface area reduced due to the blocking pore after impregnation. Moreover, ZnO/CSNs verified a higher degradation percentage against methylene blue than that of TiO2/CSNs. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sonochemical Assisted Synthesis of Cr-PTC Metal Organic Framework, ZnO, and Fe3O4 Composite and Their Photocatalytic Activity in Methylene Blue Degradation Nurbayti, Siti; Adawiah, Adawiah; Bale, Uly Fitria; Fadhilla, Rizka; Ramadhan, Fitri Nur; Zulys, Agustino; Sukandar, Dede; Saridewi, Nanda; Tulhusna, Latifah
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20156

Abstract

Methylene blue pollutants can be treated by photocatalytic methods using metal oxide-based semiconductor materials and metal organic framework (MOF). These two materials are often coupled into a composite to improve their physicochemical properties and catalytic activity. This research focuses on the synthesis of composites based on Cr-PTC MOF, ZnO, and Fe3O4 by the sonochemical method. The obtained composites were characterized and tested for catalytic activity in methylene blue pollutant degradation in an aqueous system under acidic conditions (pH = 5). Our investigation shows that the Cr-PTC@Fe3O4 composite possesses the lowest band gap energy of 1.86 eV and achieves the highest photocatalytic activity in methylene blue degradation at solution pH = 5, with a percent degradation of 84.36%. The sonochemical incorporation of Fe3O4 and Cr-PTC MOF is able to fabricate materials in a short time with better photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue than the single materials. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
New Modeling Approaches for Ethylene Oxychlorination in Fluidized Bed Reactors: Industrial and Low Flow Rate Conditions El Bazi, Wail; Bideq, Mustapha; El-Abidi, Abderrahim; Yadir, Said
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20148

Abstract

A simple model (Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor) has been developed to predict the behavior of industrial ethylene oxychlorination fluidized beds operating in a turbulent regime. The approach showed good agreement both with results from industrial reactors and with those corresponding to the (Simple two phases-Plug bubble-Mixed flow emulsion approach) validated in the literature. For low flow rates, the use of the (Simple two phases - Plug bubble - Plug emulsion model) adapted to these conditions enabled us to highlight the location and extent of undesirable thermal hot spots for the process, and to propose actions to control them by acting on the temperature and/or on the feed gas flows. By comparing this model with the plug approach, the significant slowdown in ethylene conversion caused by resistance to mass transfer when feed flow rates are low is highlighted. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Physicochemical Characteristics of Titania Particles Synthesized with Gelatin as a Template Before and After Regeneration and Their Performance in Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Ulfa, Maria; Pangestuti, Indriyani; Anggreani, Cindy Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20138

Abstract

TiO2 material has an important position in the processing of methylene blue waste because it is economical, has abundant polymorphs, high sustainability and supports green chemistry applications. Mesoporous TiO2 is a porous material that has higher effectiveness than other TiO2 because the pore structure has a large diameter at the nano scale (2-50 nm) with a regular shape so that the surface area and pore volume are greater than the average for other TiO2. The synthesis of mesopore TiO2 material has so far used the sol-gel route with synthetic pore directing agents such as P123 which can be replaced with gelatin as a cheaper and safer pore directing agent with high sustainability and abundance. Based on the description above, this research aims to photodegrade methylene blue using mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) nanoparticles which were prepared by the sol–gel method using gelatin and P123 as template. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the samples. Photocatalytic activities of samples for methylene blue degradation were investigated. The catalyst before and after regeneration will be studied so that the effect of regeneration on the results of methylene blue photocatalysis with m-TiO2 can be determined. XRD results confirmed the formation of the anatase and rutile phase for the TiO2 nanoparticles, with crystallite sizes larger after regeneration in the range of 9–21 nm. The large particle size was after regeneration due to the promotion by high temperature treatment. TiO2 nanoparticles showed the best photocatalytic activity on the first use to 91% and remained stable after four cycles with photodegradation efficiency up to 76% based on the measured UV-Vis spectroscopy. TiO2 as synthesis could be the best candidate for catalyst with the high performance after multicycle regeneration. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Exploring Alkali Hydroxide Influence on Calcium Titanate Formation for Application in Biodiesel Catalysts Puntharod, Ratchadaporn; Onsomsuay, Kittikarnkorn; Pookmanee, Pusit; Kumchompoo, Jaturon
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2024 (October 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20165

Abstract

Biodiesel has been recognized as the most widely utilized biofuel around the world due to its significant role in reducing the consumption of crude oil and lowering environmental pollution levels. By serving as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, bioethanol helps decrease greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to a more sustainable energy future. Traditionally, alkali hydroxides like NaOH and KOH have been mainstays in biodiesel synthesis. However, their overuse can lead to unwanted byproducts and operational complexities. Since calcium titanate can occur at a strong base condition, it presents an alternative avenue worth exploring. In this study, we investigate the influence of alkali hydroxides, namely LiOH, NaOH, and KOH, on the formation of calcium titanate through hydrothermal methods, with varying heating times. We aim to understand how different hydroxides affect the synthesis process and the resultant properties of calcium titanate. We delve into the vibrational properties of Ca‒O‒Ti and Ti‒O bonds using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the presence of calcium titanate (JCPDS No.42-0423) through X-ray diffractometry (XRD). This thorough characterization provides insight into the structural integrity and composition of the synthesized materials. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the intriguing cube-like morphology of calcium titanate, offering visual evidence of its unique structure. The fatty acid methyl ester Iimpressively, our results show that calcium titanate synthesized in 7 M NaOH and KOH solutions, heated for 24 hours, emerges as a promising biodiesel catalyst. We observe fatty acid methyl ester provides the percentages of 63.67% and 90.02%, respectively, indicating the catalytic efficacy of these materials in biodiesel production. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of calcium titanate synthesis but also pave the way for a sustainable future in biodiesel production by introducing efficient and eco-friendly catalysts.
Investigation on the Hydrothermal Condition in Synthesis of Active Matrix from Metakaolin: Physicochemical Properties and Intrinsic Cracking Activities Hudaya, Farhansyah Yusuf Putra; Anggaswara, Rezky Oktaviandy; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati; Kadja, Grandprix Thomryes Marth; Makertihartha, I. G. B. N.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2024 (October 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20181

Abstract

The current trends in research and development of FCC catalyst is focused on the formulation of active matrices that serve as pre-crackers, with the objective of reducing the diffusional resistance of the longer chain hydrocarbon molecule in the feed. In this study, an aluminosilicate active matrix was synthesised from metakaolin using hydrothermal method. The experimental variables that were varied were hydrothermal temperature, in the range of 80 to 110 °C, and hydrothermal time, in the range of 12 to 72 hours, to investigate the best conditions for synthesising the active matrix. Subsequently, the active matrix was subjected to a series of analyses, including X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry, with the objective of determining its composition, crystal characteristics, surface characteristics, acidity, functional groups, material structure, and thermal characteristics. Additionally, the active matrix was tested for its intrinsic cracking activity using the micro activity test (MAT). The results indicate that the best temperature for hydrothermal synthesis of the active matrix is 80 °C. The active matrix synthesised with a heating time of 24 hours demonstrated the highest light cycle oil yield, reaching 38.9 wt%. Meanwhile, the active matrix synthesised at 48 hours exhibited the most favourable characteristics, with a specific surface area of 144.23 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.9933 cm3/g, as well as the highest cracking conversion of 70.0 wt%. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Synthesis and Characterisation of Graphene Oxide Catalysts for Glycerol Acetylation Hidayati, Nur; Khoiruddin, Wahib; Purnama, Herry; Effendy, Marwan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20146

Abstract

Glycerol in large quantities as a by-product of biodiesel production is a promising feedstock to be converted into more valuable products such as acetin. In this work, acetin converted from glycerol acetylation with acetic acid was performed over graphene oxide as a catalyst in a batch reactor. The study's objective was to evaluate the effect of sodium nitrate amount in the catalyst preparation on the catalyst's characteristics and catalytic performance. The graphene oxide (GO) catalysts were charac­terised by various tests, such as SEM-EDX for their morphology, the nitrogen adsorption capacity using Breneur-Emmet Teller (BET), structural analysis using XRD, functional group us­­ing FTIR, and catalytic activity on glycerol acetylation. The GO1, GO2, and GO3 catalysts were varied based on the NaNO3 amount in the modified Hummer method. The experiments found that the NaNO3 amount in catalyst preparation plays a vital role in GO structure formation. The GO2 catalyst has the highest performance, as indicated by the highest surface area, pore volume, and size. High glycerol conversion (94 %) and selectivity toward the interest products of triacetin (24 %) and diacetin + triacetin (83 %) were reached in 2 h of reaction using three wt.% catalysts, 110 °C reaction temperature, and 1:9 molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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