JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik)
The aim of this journal publication is to disseminate the conceptual thoughts or ideas and research results that have been achieved in the area of public administrations and policies. JKAP, particularly focuses on the main problems in the development of the sciences of public policies and administration areas as follows: 1. Bureaucracy and Administration Development; 2. Decentralization and Regional Autonomy; 3. Economic and Public Policy; 4. Public Management and Governance; 5. Any specifics issues of public policy and management.
Articles
339 Documents
<![CDATA[Pelajaran dari Reformasi Sistem Birokrasi di Jepang 1945-1952 ]]>
<![CDATA[Nihei Daisuki]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi Kumorotomo]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 2, No 1 (1998): May ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8495
<![CDATA[Reforms are usually come out when a country is encountering a crisis. When Japan was totally destructed at the end of World War II, a crisis of identity and public trust to the government, together with the tight supervision and intervention of Allied power under the SCAP (Supreme Commander for the Allied Power), gave all possibilities for the significant economic and political reforms in the country. During the period of Allied occupation in 1945-1952, therefore, Japanese monolithic political system and the strong adherence to the Emperor have been changed into a more democratic and pluralistic system. This fundamental change established a strong basis for Japan to boost economic activities with even higher growth. However, it is proved that administrative or bureaucratic reforms have not been successful during that period. There were still much politicking and vested interests involved in the bureaucratic system which was influenced by hegemonic and crony system. This was because SCAP adopted an "indirect administration system" during the occupation period with lack of commitment for administrative reforms. There are some lessons which can be learnt by Indonesian policy makers. Among others, one important thing is that bureaucrats are usually havk. a high resilience for administrative reforms. To materialize a big change, reformers have to consider the culture and conduct reform with a strong political will and commitment.]]>
<![CDATA[Pelaksnaan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di Dalam Birokrasi Pada Kasus Pembebasan Tanah ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Heruanto Hadna]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 2, No 1 (1998): May ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8496
<![CDATA[This research has an anxiety of a lot of human right delinquency cases. Some of those delinquents are bureacrats. Therefore, the research question is why bureaucracy commits to human right violations especially in land law-suit cases? Is there any condition that stimulates those violations? And what type of bureacrats who have high or low appreciation for human right? The research takes land law-suit cases because it is one of the biggest human right cases in Indonesia. Theoretically, bureaucrat commits to human right violation because they have bad attitude that is influenced by patrimonialism culture or profit oriented behavior for personal interests. Meanwhile, the structure of bureaucracy that are hierarchical and rigid stimulates bureaucrats to be more responsive to superior than community. The research has found that there are four conditions making bureaucrats ignore human right value. Those conditions are: emphasis on economic growth, lack of human resources capacity, profit takers, and ambiguity of land constitutions. The research has also found four types of bureaucrats who are categorized based on bureaucrats orientations to development and constitutions. They are: an adventurer type, a bureacrat who commits to human right violation on either political, economic, and culture aspects; an authocratic type, a bureaucrat who commits to human right violation on political and economic aspects; an developer type, a bureaucrat who commits to human right violation on political aspects; and, a humane type, a bureaucrat who gives high appreciation for human right values.]]>
<![CDATA[Aplikasi Strategic Planning dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Kabupaten Fakfak Propinsi Irian Jaya ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeremias T Keban]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 2, No 1 (1998): May ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8497
<![CDATA[To date, there have been no regional development theories regarded as the most appropriate and valid in guiding and determining regional measures. Moreover, Indonesia has a very specific geographical, social, cultural and political backgrounds which could potentially complicate and constrain the development efforts. Such diversities and lack of valid regional theories require an innovative thought in regional development intervention. The application of Strategic Planning as an academic exercise in the context of regional development in Kabupaten Fakfak is an innovative alternative to overcome such complexities. Through the Strategic Planning approach, ten strategic sectors have been identified. Those sectors need to be incorporated into and developed in the Kabupaten longterm planning.]]>
<![CDATA[Pemerintah yang Efisien, Tanggap, dan Akuntabel ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Dwiyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 2 (1997): November ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8516
<![CDATA[Current issues which reflecting the difficulties in establishing efficient, responsive and accountable government are partly because of too much orientation on economic development while neglecting administrative and political reformation. Lack of attention to administrative and political reformation which create the so-called ‘administrative state’ has brought about bureaucratic pathology and practical collusive and corrupt behaviors. Power and authority, which concentrated within the public bureaucracy have also obstruct people political capability to control the government. This article offers cultivation of bureaucrat ethics as a strategy to create an efficient, responsive, and accountable government. Bureaucrat ethics could be a fundamental code for public bureaucrats so that they would be able to make policies which in response to public interest and people’s original values. Only if this public ethics is institutionalized then bureaucrats would have a good guidance in applying discretionary power, even when political control and regulation are no longer effective.]]>
<![CDATA[Menuju Pembangunan Partisipatif (bagaimana Mendayagunakan Kebudayaan Lokal) ]]>
<![CDATA[Irwan Abdullah]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 2 (1997): November ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8517
<![CDATA[Grassroot people are development actors who determine course of development so that it will bring about a more valuable change. That is the basic argument as why people autonomy and participation are the keywords for the development achievement. Research and experience showed that development programs and projects failures are usually because lack of people participation. This article is based on the assumption that local culture and local participation should become the guidance for policies and on-going development processes. To improve people participation in development, local culture should be strengthened by : (1) utilizing local social and cultural institutions, (2) ecudating local people, and (3) creating participationâ culture. Development ideas tend to be more implementable if they can be enculturized through traditional institutions such as indigeneous ceremony and religious rituals. People participation can be encouraged through the established institutions so that there is no need to create specific institution to serve government interests. Intensive people education which aimed at renewing people's ideas and knowledge would be more effective to change their apprehension for development. In this important effort , there should also perspective change among bureaucrats. Then, participative culture in all variety should be appreciated and cultivated by giving incentives and rewards for individuals, groups and institutions. As such, development moral should be in accordance with the people moral.]]>
<![CDATA[Peningkatan Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Daerah ]]>
<![CDATA[Revrisond Baswir]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 2 (1997): November ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8518
<![CDATA[As national government budget will be more depended upon tax levy, local development finance would virtually be determined by public contribution. The problem of balancing financial allocation between central and local government, therefore, is the problem of shifting people’s fund contribution from central government to the local government. Likewise, by delegating policies to local government for collecting the public fund, people participation in local development finance will be enhanced. It might contrasts to common analysis that there is no significant relationship between local autonomy policy and central-local finance sharing or much analysis which concentrate more on Second Stage Local Governments (Pemda Tingkat II) struggle to increase their local revenue. There are some potential alternatives to improve people participation in local development; First, enhance Local Planning Board (Bappeda Tingkat II) capability to formulate development plans. Overall reformation is needed to development planning mechanisms in each stages of government administration. Second, shift or modify the central-local development finance systems so that there will be more leeway for local government to finance development based on their priorities. Third, give more power to local legislative council (DPRD) to control local executives (Gubernur and Bupati) so that local executives will be responsible much more to the local people rather than to the central government. Conclusively, all efforts to enhance people participation is very closely related to local autonomy improvement and parallel to this is national democracy improvement.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementasi Desentralisasi dan Otonomi Daerah Tingkat II Masa Orde Baru ]]>
<![CDATA[Warsito Utomo]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 2 (1997): November ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8519
<![CDATA[Act No. 5 of 1974 on the Principles of Administration in Indonesian Local Government stipulates fundamental effort for decentralization – or more commonly known as local autonomy. This analysis shows, however, that insofar the implementation of the government act encourages more centralization instead of decentralization. It means that the Central Government has been dominantly rules nearly all aspects of local government during the New Order period. It is obvious that the implementation of decentralization policy or local autonomy is mostly determined by the existing political system and structure. On the Second Stage of local (Daerah Tingkat II), there are various local or internal factors which appears to be very influential for the effectiveness of such policy implementation. A descriptive analysis of the two Second Stage of local governments (Cilacap and Kudus) indicates there are significant policy implementation differences. The very fact that there are local condition differences, specific handicaps confronted by local government, and some variance in human resources capability implies that the idea of uniformity in most of administrative procedure might not favourable for the future of decentralization and local outonomy policy. This is particularly important if we analyze all aspects related to such policy implementation. The above things do get sufficient attention in nearly all of this paper.]]>
<![CDATA[Keuangan Negara: Reformulasi Kriteria Proyek Dalam Rangka Klasifikasi Anggaran Pengeluaran ]]>
<![CDATA[Bambang Nugroho]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 2 (1997): November ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8525
<![CDATA[A distinctive classification should be applied to government budget, particularly between budget allocation for consumption and for investment. This is important for policy makers so that they will be able to forecast investment and consumption effects on economic growth and inflation. In Indonesian budget system, unclear criteria to distinguish routine and development budget also creates many problematic situations in managing public finance. This article offers some alternatives to solve the problem. One simple solution is to reformulate what is the so-called projects. Projects are an activity or a group of activities which has certain goals and objectives, attains to result new physical or non-physical assets in the form of goods, services or capability improvements. Those activities are managed whithin certain span of time and amount of fund. Instead of consumptions, projects are primarily investments. If this alternative is implemented consistently in the budget allocation systems, it may decrease the figure of government saving and number of Project List Proposal (Daftar Isian Proyek - DIP), which may not be favorable for implementors who have vested interest. By doing so, however, overlapped activities which are funded by routine and development budget can be avoided substantially. Government accounting system would be more efficient because every projects should be resulted in investment. A more radical approach is to invalidate the distinction between routine and development (non-routine) budget allocation by all means. Productivity and accountability would be the main criteria for all forms of the government fund allocation. There should be a fundamental change in the government budget cycle. Government saving should be formulated into: the subtraction between domestic revenue and additional finance (belanja penunjang), and T-account system in the government budget (APBN) should be substantially modified. Finally, all of these remedies depend on effort to distinguish clearly between routine and project criteria through a transparent definition and vision of those who manage the budget allocation system.]]>
<![CDATA[Kebijakan Otomotif di Indonesia 1966-1996: Memahami Konteks Politik Proses Lahirnya Kebijakan Publik ]]>
<![CDATA[Erwan Agus Purwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 2 (1997): November ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8528
<![CDATA[Automotive industrialization is the most relevant topic for discus to understand the development of industrialization in Indonesia. Because, automotive industry has specific character as representation of Indonesian strategy that is sensitive influenced by political factors. Many interests and missions have to accommodate in automotive industry have made automotive industry become dynamic and uncertain sector to be influenced. This research intended to understand the dynamic changing of automotive policies among 1966-1996, that are contains many controversial policies, with policy study approach. This approach does to answer the research question: how political contect will affect policy making process in Indonesian automotive policies. The research analysis focused on the understanding of factors interaction in policy making process by observing the patterns of the interaction among the government, business man, political and economical enviroment. Based on the research result, political context of automotive policies among period 1966-1996 was influenced by strong patronage in the Indonesian automotive policy making process because the interest in: nativism, foreign capital pressure, and nepotism.]]>
<![CDATA[Budaya Birokrasi dalam Konteks Transformasi Struktural: Antara Harapan dan Kenyataan ]]>
<![CDATA[Moeljarto Tjokrowinoto]]>
<![CDATA[ JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) Vol 1, No 1 (1996): May ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8529
<![CDATA[The form bureaucracy in a country basically reflects the interaction between value premise and factual premise. An effort in the reformation administration, which in reality, is a process for manipulating several determinants of bureaucracy so that the entire components of bureaucracy will be oriented towards the objeaisw, which is intended to be shaped through the development process, all requires a lot of consideration on the determinants of bureaucratic reformation earlier on mentioned This is because it is necessary to realize that some determinants of bureaucratic reformation often times, pass by the structural-pracediral dimension, psychological dimendon, economic and stuctural dmention, cod finalty the cultural dimention. It is apparent that bureaucracy in Indonesia is signified by the coexistence between Weberian bireaucracy which onginatesfivm the west and the traditional bureaucracy which has its roots in the socio-cultural aspects of the place. With due consideration to the conditions which have been pointed out above, this writing suggests that the process of bureaucratic transformation is not only able to make an emphasis on the formal aspects of a modfying system. In order that the administration reformation must point out not only at the industrialization process, but also on the phenomenon or the shape of the industrial society with the values which arc inherent in that particular society.]]>
