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Amerta
Published by BRIN Publishing
ISSN : 02151324     EISSN : 25498908     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/amt
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Starting at Volume 40 Number 2 December 2022, AMERTA’s objective is to promote the wide dissemination of the results of systematic scholarly inquiries into the broad field of archaeological research in proto-history and history chronology themes in the Indonesian Archipelago. The primary, but not exclusive, audiences are researchers, academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and others interested in archaeological research. AMERTA accepts original articles on historical archaeology-related subjects and any research methodology that meets the standards established for publication in the journal. Papers published in the journal may cover a wide range of topics in historical archaeology, including, but not limited to: 1. Field of archaeological findings in Indonesia’s Proto History, Hindu-Buddhist, Islam, and Colonial periods; 2. New theoretical and methodological analyses; 3. Synthetic overviews of topics in the field of historical archaeology.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 624 Documents
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STRATEGI DAN PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN PENELITIAN PENINGGALAN TRADISI MEGALITIK DI SULAWESI Dwi Yani Yuniawati Umar
AMERTA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2002)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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PEMANFAATAN TANAH LIAT BAKAR PADA SITUS BLANDONGAN DAN CANDI JIWA, DI KOMPLEKS SITUS BATUJAYA, KABUPATEN KARAWANG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT: STUDI BAHAN BAKU BERDASARKAN ANALISIS LABORATORIUM Ni Komang Ayu Astiti
AMERTA Vol. 25 No. 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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ABSTRAK. Situs Batujaya yang terletak di Desa Segaran, Kecamatan Batujaya, Kabupaten Kerawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, merupakan sebuah kompleks percandian yang memanfaatkan tanah liat di sekitarnya sebagai bahan utama pembuatannya. Masyarakat pendukung kompleks percandian ini sudah mengenal teknologi pengolahan tanah liat menjadi bata untuk bahan pembuatan candi dan teknologi pembuatan wadah-wadah dari tanah liat bakar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hampir seluruh unur (14 buah) candi mempergunakan bahan bata dan banyaknya temuan tembikar disekitar kompleks percandian, baik dalam keadaan utuh maupun dalam pecahan. Hasil analisis laboratorium terhadap beberapa sampel tembikar dari situs ini memperlihatkan sifat-sifat fisik dan komposisi unsur kimia yang sangat bervariasi dalam kekerasan, berat jenis, porositas, serapan air, dan suhu pembakaran. Kualitas tembikar juga sangat bervariasi, dipengaruhi oleh kondisi bahan baku dan tingkat penguasaan teknologi pembuatannya. Kata kunci: Artefak tanah liat bakar, Situs Batujaya, analisis sifat fisik dan kimia. ABSTRACT. The use of Baked Clay at the of Blandongan and Jiwa Temples at Batujaya Temple Complex, Karawang Regency, West Java Province: Study on Row Material of Artifacts Based on Laboratory Analyses. The site of Batujaya, which is located at at the Segaran Village, Batujaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java Province, is a complex of temples (candies) that use clay from the surrounding environment as their main raw material. The people of Batujaya have mastered the technology of brick-making to build the temples and pottery making. This is proven by the fact that almost all of the 14 candis used baked clay and by the abundance of pottery found around the temple complex, both intact and fragmented ones. Result of laboratory analyses on some pottery samples from this site show physical characteristics and compositions of chemical elements, which are varied in terms of hardness, specific gravity, porosity, water absorption, and baking temperature. The quality of the pottery is also varied, depending on the condition of the raw material and the level of technological mastery of the potters. Keyword: artifacts made of baked clay, Batujaya site, analysis of physical characteristics and chemical analysis.
EARLY TRACES HINDU-BUDDHIST INFLUENCE ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF CENTRAL JAVA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DISTRICT OF BATANG Agustijanto Indradjaja; Véronique Degroot
AMERTA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract. In Coastal Central Java, archaeological research dealing with the Hindu-Buddhist period is almost always focused on the coastal area between Kedu and Yogyakarta, which was controlled by the Matāram Kingdom around the 8-9th Century AD. Research that attempts to investigate and reconstruct the social conditions of coastal communities during the pre-Matāram period has yet to be undertaken. This paper is such an attempt. It explores Hindu-Buddhist remains in the Batang District, a district which, we believe, was an important entry point for Hindu-Buddhist traditions prior to the emergence of the Matāram Kingdom in the hinterland of Central Java. Data collected through the survey, further archaeological data relevant will be conducted descriptive analysis to answer questions in the study. The survey results have identified a number of important findings such as statues, temples and inscriptions ranging from coastal areas to inland Batang. Based on the identification of a number of archaeological findings it apparent that the area in Batang already appear influence of Hindu-Buddhist long before the emergence of the ancient Matāram Kingdom around the 8th Century AD. Keywords: Archaeological survey, Batang, Hindu-Buddha, North Coast. Abstrak. Jejak awal Pengaruh Hindu-Buddha di Sepanjang Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah: Survei Arkeologi di Kota Batang. Penelitian arkeologi di pantai utara Jawa Tengah mengenai kehidupan masa Hindu-Buddha hampir selalu dipusatkan pada wilayah antara Kedu-Yogyakarta, yang dikuasai oleh Kerajaan Matāram pada sekitar abad ke-8–9 Masehi. Penelitian yang berupaya mempelajari dan merekonstruksi kondisi sosial masyarakat di daerah pesisir masa pra-Matāram selama ini belum pernah dilakukan. Karya tulis ini berusaha melakukan eksplorasi pada masa pra-Matāram di Jawa Tengah, khususnya di Kabupaten Batang yang diduga sebagai salah satu daerah yang penting pada awal periode sebelum munculnya Kerajaan Matāram di pedalaman Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei, selanjutnya data arkeologi yang relevan dilakukan analisis deksriptif untuk menjawab pertanyaan di dalam penelitian. Hasil survei berhasil mengidentifikasikan sejumlah temuan penting seperti arca, candi dan prasasti mulai dari wilayah pesisir sampai pedalamanan Kabupaten Batang. Berdasarkan identifikasi sejumlah temuan arkeologi tersebut tampak bahwa wilayah Batang sudah mendapat pengaruh Hindu-Buddha jauh sebelum munculnya Kerajaan Matāram kuna sekitar abad ke-8 M. Kata Kunci: Survei arkeologi, Batang, Hindu-Buddha, Pantai Utara
PAÑJI AND CANDRAKIRANA LOST IN SEPARATION – THREE ANCIENT EAST JAVANESE SCULPTURES Lydia Kieven
AMERTA Vol. 34 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstrak. Pañji dan Candrakirana, Hilang karena Terpisah – Tiga Arca Kuno Periode Jawa Timur. Makalah ini membahas tiga arca, satu arca lelaki dan dua arca perempuan, yang berasal dari periode Jawa Timur (sekitar 1450 M). Arca lelaki yang biasa ditemukenali sebagai tokoh mitologis, yaitu Raden Pañji, dalam penggambaran aslinya didampingi oleh arca yang menggambarkan Putri Candrakirana sebagai pasangannya. Arca ini sudah hilang. Sebuah arca perempuan lain yang masih ada juga diyakini sebagai representasi Candrakirana. Berdasarkan metode ikonologi yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini, tulisan ini membahas ikonografi, gaya dan perbandingan penggambaran tiga figur ini, serta mendiskusikan tempat pembuatan, asal-usulnya, dan kisah hidupnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setidaknya terdapat dua pasang penggambaran Pañji dan Candrakirana, dan kemungkinan masih banyak lagi yang belum ditemukenali. Pemujaan Pañji dan Candrakirana sebagai semi-manusia dan semi-dewa adalah bagian religiusitas spesifik dalam zaman Majapahit. Kata Kunci: Jawa Timur, Majapahit, Pañji, Candrakirana Abstract. This paper discusses three sculptures, a male and two female ones, dating to the East Javanese period (c. 1450 AD). The male image which is commonly identified as the depiction of the mythological Prince Pañji, originally was accompanied by a statue depicting his female counterpart Princess Candrakirana, this statue being lost today. Another female statue, still extant today, is argued to represent another depiction of Candrakirana. Based on the method of iconology, this study investigates the iconography, style, and the comparison of these images, and it raises questions of workshops, provenance and life history. The conclusion suggests the existence of at least two pairs of sculptures depicting Pañji and Candrakirana, and possibly a larger – so far – unknown number. The cult of worshipping Pañji and Candrakirana as semidivine deities makes part of the specific religiosity during the Majapahit time. Keywords: East Java, Majapahit, Pañji, Candrakirana
JEJAK VOC-KOLONIAL BELANDA DI PULAU BURU (ABAD 17-20 M) Syahruddin Mansyur
AMERTA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstrak. Salah satu wilayah yang mendapat pengaruh kolonial di Kepulauan Maluku adalah Pulau Buru, ditandai dengan pendirian sebuah benteng pertahanan sebagai salah satu pos pengawasan jalur perdagangan. Manifestasi jejak pengaruh kolonial ini merupakan indikasi awal peran wilayah Pulau Buru dalam konteks historiografi masa kolonial. Dalam konteks ini pula, diperoleh gambaran tentang kronologi dan pola okupasi masa kolonial di Pulau Buru. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini difokuskan pada data arkeologi dan data sejarah, sehingga metode analisis deskriptif dan metode analogi sejarah digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk tinggalan arkeologi yang masih dapat diamati di wilayah penelitian berupa: benteng, bekas bangunan gereja, meriam, rumah pejabat Belanda, kantor pemerintahan, bekas dermaga, mata uang Belanda, dan tempayan. Berdasarkan hal itu, dapat diketahui bahwa peran Pulau Buru pada awal okupasi kolonial berkaitan dengan kebijakan monopoli cengkih di Kepulauan Maluku. Demikian pula tentang pola okupasi kolonial, dimana pada periode penguasaan kolonial di Pulau Buru mengalami perkembangan dari Kayeli sebagai pusat pemerintahan awal. Akhirnya pada awal abad ke-20, karena pertimbangan lingkungan maka pemerintah Belanda memindahkan pusat pemerintahan ke lokasi yang memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang lebih baik, yaitu Namlea. Rentang kronologi di kota baru inipun berlangsung sangat singkat yaitu sekitar 40 tahun. Kata Kunci: Jejak, Situs Kayeli, Kolonial, Pulau Buru. Abstract. Traces of The Dutch Colonial (VOC) on The Buru Island (17-20 Centuries). One of the areas that gets the colonial influence on Buru Island Maluku Islands are characterized by the establishment of a fortress as one of observation post on the trade route in Maluku Islands. Manifestations of traces of colonial occupation pattern is an early indication of the role of the island of Buru in the context of colonial historiography. In this context, it is important to trace the material culture of the colonial period to determine the role of this region in order to obtain an overview of the chronology and pattern of colonial occupation on the island of Buru. Therefore, this study focused on archaeological data and historical data, so that the descriptive analytical method and of historical analogies methods are used to answer the research problem. The results showed that the shape of archaeological remains which can still be observed in the study area: the fort, the former church building, the cannon, the house of Dutch officials, government offices, the former dock, the Dutch currency, and jars. Based on that, it can be seen that the role of Buru Island in the early colonial occupation was related to the clove monopoly policy in the Maluku Islands. Similarly, on the pattern of colonial occupation, which in the period of colonial rule on the island of Buru have evolved from early Kayeli as the central government. Finally, in the early 20th Century, due to environmental considerations the Dutch government moved the seat of government to a location that has a better environmental conditions, that is Namlea. The range of chronology in the new city is also very short, which is about 40 years. Keywords: Trace, Sites Kayeli, Colonial, Buru Island
JENIS DAN TIPE GERABAH PERUNDAGIAN YANG TERSEBAR DI PESISIR PANTAI TEJAKULA, BALI Sudiono
AMERTA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2002)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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GEOLOGI SITUS MUARA BETUNG KECAMATAN ULU MUSI, KABUPATEN LAHAT, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN Muhammad Fadhlan Syuaib Intan
AMERTA Vol. 23 No. 1 (2004)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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DOLMEN DAN STRUKTUR SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TUHAHA, MALUKU TENGAH Marlon Nicolay Ramon Ririmasse
AMERTA Vol. 25 No. 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstrak. Tulisan ini mencoba melihat aspek-aspek sosial dari fungsi dolmen dengan mengkaji hubungan antara dolmen dan stratifikasi sosial pada masyarakat desa Tuhaha Maluku Tengah. Saat yang sama mencoba untuk melihat bagaimana struktur sosial yang bersifat konseptual, diwujudkan dalam bentuk dolmen sebagai data materi dengan segenap atribut simboliknya. Kata kunci: Tuhaha, masyarakat, struktur sosial, dolmen, simbol. Abstract. Dolmen and the Social Structure of the Tuhaha Comunity in Central Malucca. This article further discusses the social aspects of dolmen function by analyzing the relationship between dolmen and social stratification in the ancient Tuhaha society. At the same time, this article also analyze how the social structure concept being transform into the form of dolmen as a material culture complete with all its symbolic attributes. Keywords: Tuhaha, Society, Social Stratification, Dolmen, Symbol
PRASASTI WARUṄGAHAN SEBUAH DATA BARU DARI MASA AWAL MAJAPAHIT Goenawan A. Sambodo
AMERTA Vol. 36 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract. Waruṅgahan Inscription, A New Data from Early Majapahit Period. This paper discusses about a new inscription found at Tuban, East Java. The inscription is a new one, and both the transliteration and translation have never been published. It is necessary to write about it so that the existing data can be known to public and be a contribution in the writing of ancient history of Indonesia. The method used in this study was inductive reasoning with descriptive-analytic approach. The analysis used in this study was structural analysis, which is making internal critic on inscriptions’ transliterations to generate interpretation about aspects of human life. This inscription is called the Waruṅgahan Inscription, dated to 1227 Ś/1305 CE. The inscription from the early Majapahit period contains a description of the re establishment of a sīma by King Nararyya Sanggramawijaya because the previous inscription was lost when an earthquake occurred. There are several names of figures that have never been appeared in the inscription from the same period. Keywords: Waruṅgahan Inscription, Majapahit, Sanggramawijaya Abstrak. Prasasti Waruṅgahan adalah sebuah prasasti yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur, yang belum pernah diterbitkan (alih aksara dan tafsirnya) sehingga dirasa perlu untuk menuliskannya agar data yang ada dapat diketahui oleh banyak pihak dan menjadi sumbangan dalam penulisan sejarah kuno Indonesia. Cara yang digunakan adalah penalaran induktif dengan sifat deskriptif analitis. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa analisis struktural; yaitu melakukan kritik intern pada alih aksara isi prasasti untuk memperoleh penafsiran berupa aspek kehidupan manusia. Prasasti Waruṅgahan yang ditulis dalam bahasa dan huruf Jawa Kuno ini berasal dari tahun 1227 Ś/1305. Prasasti dari masa awal Majapahit ini berisi uraian penetapan ulang anugerah sīma oleh Raja Nararyya Sanggramawijaya karena prasasti sebelumnya hilang ketika terjadi gempa bumi. Ada beberapa nama tokoh yang belum pernah muncul dalam prasasti semasanya. Kata Kunci: Prasasti Waruṅgahan, Majapahit, Sanggramawijaya
POLA PEMUKIMAN KAWASAN PERKEBUNAN KARET MASA HINDIA BELANDA DI BOGOR Libra Hari Inagurasi
AMERTA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstrak. Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pemikiran, bahwa Bogor merupakan sebuah daerah yang kaya akan potensi perkebunan masa Hindia Belanda. Meskipun demikian belum ada tulisan yang membahas seperti apa dan bagaimanakah pemukiman di kawasan perkebunan karet masa Hindia Belanda di Bogor. Dilatarbelakangi oleh pemikiran tersebut maka tulisan ini bertujuan menampilkan kembali gambaran pola pemukiman di kawasan perkebunan karet melalui jejak-jejak yang ditinggalkan. Tulisan ini disusun melalui tahap penelusuran literatur, survei arkeologi dan lingkungan di lokasi penelitian, analisis, sintesa antara data arkeologi dan data sejarah. Gambaran pola pemukiman di kawasan perkebunan karet di Bogor dapat dibuktikan secara fisik melalui tinggalantinggalan arkeologi. Bangunan-bangunan yang berfungsi sebagai rumah tempat tinggal pemilik kebun, bangunan kantor perkebunan, pengolahan getah karet, dan mausoleum, serta artefak genteng lama dan botol Eropa merupakan petunjuk keberadaan pemukiman di perkebunan karet Hindia Belanda di Bogor. Pola pemukiman perkebunan tersusun atas bangunan tempat tinggal pemilik kebun misalnya landhuis atau kantor perkebunan yang dikelilingi oleh tempat tinggal pegawai dan pekerjanya, tempat pengolahan karet. Adapun mausoleum ditempatkan berjauhan dari pusat pemukiman. Kata kunci: Bogor, Hindia Belanda, Pemukiman, Perkebunan Karet. Abstract. The Settlement Pattern of Rubber Plantation Areas from the Dutch-Indie’s Period in Bogor. This article is based on a notion that Bogor is an area rich in potency of plantations during the Dutch-Indie’s Period. However, there has not been an article that discusses what were the settlements in the rubber plantations in Bogor during the Dutch-Indie’s period like and how were life there at that time. Based on such thought, this article will reconstruct the settlement patterns in the rubber plantations through their remains, by conducting literature study, archaeological and environmental surveys in the research area, analyses, and synthesis between archaeological and historical data. The depiction of the settlement patterns in rubber plantations in Bogor can be physically proven through their archaeological remains. Buildings that were functioned as residences of plantation owners, administration building (plantation office), rubber-latex processing building, and mausoleum, as well as artefacts in forms of old roof tiles and European bottles are indications of the presence of settlements in Dutch Indie’s rubber plantations in Bogor. The settlement pattern consists of residence of plantation owner, known as landhuis, plantation office surrounded by residences of plantation workers, and rubber-latex processing building. Mausoleum is located far from the centre of settlement. Keywords: Bogor, The Dutch-Indie, Settlement, Rubber Plantation.

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