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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 121 Documents
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Lyophilized Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: A Natural Algicide, Improves Survival of Poecilia reticulata in Aquaria Alyssa Luz Guiritan; Lorrenne C. Caburatan; Olive A. Amparado; Ma. Reina Suzette Madamba
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.41700

Abstract

The search for plant-derived solutions as an alternative to synthetic aquarium water conditioners has driven interest in aquaculture due to the linkage of poor water management to environmental degradation and ecosystem imbalance. This study assessed the effectiveness of lyophilized Terminalia catappa leaf extract as a natural algicide and water conditioning agent in aquaria containing Poecilia reticulata. Three concentrations (500, 1000, 1500 ppm) were tested, alongside negative and positive controls during the 30-day experiment. Throughout the study, water quality parameters, algal proliferation, and fish survival were monitored. The treatment groups exhibited improved survival, compared to the untreated control. 1000 and 1500 ppm significantly delayed and reduced algal growth. The extract stabilized water conditions and maintained water quality parameters within biologically acceptable ranges. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of lyophilized T. catappa leaf extract as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional water conditioners. This study can benefit both environmental health and resource-efficient fish production by promoting plant-based strategies that reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals. Additionally, this study supports the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) by improving water and quality management, SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through the use of natural and biodegradable materials, and SDG 14 (Life Below Water) by minimizing ecological risks associated with chemical pollutants in aquatic systems.
Effect of Aging Duration on Antidepressant Activity and Sensory Properties of Whey Kefir-Fermented Solo-Bulb Black Garlic Risda Arba Ulfa; Muhimatul Umami; Maulani Diva Nurpratiwi; Nursyifa Firda Prasetyanti; Ely Yosriah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.42813

Abstract

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder worldwide, and conventional antidepressants often cause side effects that reduce patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing safer natural alternatives is essential. Solo-Bulb Black Garlic (SBBG), a fermented single-clove garlic, exhibits various health benefits, including potential antidepressant activity. This study evaluated the antidepressant effect of whey kefir–fermented SBBG aged for 7, 14, and 21 days in male mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). Antidepressant activity was assessed using the Forced Swimming Test (FST) by measuring immobility, swimming, and climbing behavior, while leukocyte and erythrocyte counts indicated immune responses. The SBBG-21 group exhibited the greatest reduction in immobility duration (1.08 ± 0.30 minutes), accompanied by increased swimming (1.39 ± 0.11 minutes) and climbing (1.53 ± 0.20 minutes) durations. Leukocyte (7.89 × 10³ cells/µL) and erythrocyte (6.19 × 10⁶ cells/µL) counts were close to normal levels. Organoleptic scores for SBBG21 were highest for color (3.54±1.29), aroma (3.17±1.29), taste (3.00 ±1.28), texture (3.35±1.08), and overall preference (3.20±1.11). These results indicate that whey kefir-fermented SBBG aged for 21 days has potential as a functional food with antidepressant properties. It also offers a safer natural alternative to conventional antidepressants, with good acceptability and the potential to improve mental health and quality of life. Furthermore, this research supports SDGs 3 by promoting alternative strategies for managing depression and SDGs 12 by utilizing natural fermentation processes and value-added agricultural products.
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi Combination to Overcome Water Stress in Dendrobium Spectabile Orchids R. Soelistijono; Prisma Aditya Rianto; Achmad Fatchul Aziez; Cecep Hidayat; Herry Utomo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.42840

Abstract

One strategy to mitigate drought stress is using orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) of the Rhizoctonia type. This study aims to determine the use of a combination of Rhizoctonia mycorrhizae isolated from the roots of two Dendrobium orchid species and watering intervals on Dendrobium spectabile seedlings. The research method used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors and 5 replications: the first factor was inoculation of OMF isolated from the roots of Dendrobium fimbriatum (D1), Dendrobium phalaenopsis (D2), and a combination of OMF D1 + D2 (D3). The second factor included watering intervals every 2-days (W1), 4 days (W2), and every 6-days (W3). The results showed that OMF inoculation factors on D. spectabile gave significantly different results on plant height, leaf length, root length, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight, with the best results using the OMF combination (D3). The watering interval factor gave significantly different results on plant height and number of roots, with the best results on watering every 4-days (W2). The highest chloroplast content was found in D3W3 (0.89), while proline accumulation reached its peak at D2W3 (0.135). Microscopic observations confirmed the formation of pelotons in the root cortex. Overall, the combined OMF inoculum applied with a 4-day watering interval (D3W2) is a promising approach to improve drought tolerance in D. spectabile seedlings. This research supports SDG 15 (Life on Land Ecosystems), as a solution to overcome water stress, the main cause of desertification and land degradation that affects the growth of orchid species in nature
Development of Taksonify Mobile Application for Learning Biological Taxonomy with Gamification and Computer Vision Muhammad Haulul Azkiyaa; Alfian Akbar Gozali; Raja Nur Dania binti Raja Arif Shah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.45605

Abstract

Taxonomy and scientific names are the most important things that make up the foundation of biology education at the secondary level. But a lot of students have trouble with these subjects because of the old-fashioned way of teaching and all the Latin words. Traditional textbook-based teaching methods make this problem even worse. This study tackles the challenge students encounter in comprehending biological taxonomy by developing Taksonify, a mobile application aimed at enhancing taxonomy education through gamification and computer vision. The ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) was used in the study. Expert validation was performed, and the application was evaluated on 35 tenth-grade students through pre-test and post-test assessments. An expert validation score of 4.73 (media) and 4.44 (content) showed that the evaluation was very likely to work. The average score went up from 16.91 (pre-test) to 20.44 (post-test), with a gain score of 0.69 (moderate). This means that comprehension improved a lot. These results show that Taksonify is a good way to learn about biological taxonomy because it helps students understand the subject much better. The use of Taksonify demonstrates the potential of mobile-based learning tools to improve science education quality, fostering greater interest and understanding of biology among secondary students. This research supports SDGs 4 (Quality Education) particularly Targets 4.1 and 4.4, by improving student learning outcomes and strengthening ICT skills. It develops innovative mobile-based, gamified, and computer vision supported learning media to enhance the effectiveness of biology education.
Antioxidant Activity of the Tithonia diversifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Curcuma longa Extract Combination Against Oxidative Stress in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Sofia Nur Cahyani; Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah; Rif'atul Hawani. B; Nabila Shafa Yumna Salsabila; Noviana Dwi Lestari; Moh Dliyauddin; Agung Pramana Warih Mahendra; Hideo Tsuboi; Muhaimin Rifa’i
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.47293

Abstract

The induction of acute inflammation in the lung tissue is triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of the TLR4 receptor. The combination of Tithonia diversifolia (T), Moringa oleifera (M), and Curcuma longa (C) extracts holds potential for synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous TMC extract combination on reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhancing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2) expression in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in BALB/c mice. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: negative control, LPS positive control, and three treatment groups receiving varying doses of the combined extract (TMC-1: 500/300/200; TMC-2: 200/500/300; TMC-3: 300/200/500 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally for 14 days, followed by intraperitoneal LPS induction (0.5 mg/kg BW). Extract combination (TMC) significantly mitigated LPS-induced oxidative stress in a mouse acute lung injury model. Post-LPS therapy reduced MDA levels dose-dependently (16.96–8.68% vs. LPS 36.52%), restored SOD activity near normal (5.74–13.84% vs. LPS 25.23%), and normalized NRF2 expression (8.68–9.58% vs. LPS 17.11%). The TMC combination significantly reduced MDA levels and normalized the NRF2–SOD pathway, with the strongest SOD restoration at P2 (5.74%). These results confirm the role of TMC in strengthening the endogenous antioxidant system. This study provides scientific evidence for the development of the TMC extract combination as a potential phytopharmaceutical agent to mitigate oxidative stress and support tissue repair in inflammatory conditions such as ALI. Ultimately, this research supports UN SDG 3 (Targets 3.4 and 3.b) by developing an affordable respiratory protective agent, while simultaneously advancing SDG 15 through the sustainable pharmacological utilization of local plant biodiversity.
Enhancing Conceptual Understanding of Photosynthesis through Integrated 5E Inquiry-Based and Cooperative STAD Learning: A Case Study in Thailand Bhanupong Phrommarat; Nattida Ratchaya; Nitima Phrommarat
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.48835

Abstract

Photosynthesis is widely regarded as a conceptually complex topic in biology that many students find difficult to understand. Nonetheless, there has been limited research to explore how inquiry-based and cooperative learning can be systematically integrated to support students’ understanding. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an integrated 5E inquiry-based learning model and Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) cooperative learning approach on students’ conceptual understanding of photosynthesis, cooperative learning behaviors, and learning satisfaction. A one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was employed with 62 Grade 11 students at a public secondary school in Thailand. The intervention was implemented over eight instructional hours. Research instruments included a Photosynthesis Conceptual Understanding Test, a cooperative learning behavior observation rubric, and a learning satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests, effect size (Cohen’s d), normalized gain (g), and descriptive statistics. The results showed a significant improvement in conceptual understanding, with a very large effect size (d = 1.88) and a medium-to-high normalized gain (g = 0.62). Students also presented high levels of cooperative learning behaviors and very high learning satisfaction. The results indicate that embedding STAD within the 5E inquiry cycle can potentially support both cognitive and social dimensions of learning as well as provide a practical framework for teaching complex biological concepts. This research supports SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by promoting effective, student-centered learning through inquiry and cooperation, while enhancing students’ understanding of photosynthesis and its role in climate change, and developing the skills needed to address future sustainability challenges.
Olfactory and Trail-Following Responses of Coptotermes curvignathus to Selected Plant Leaf Extracts Niken Subekti; Sonika Maulana; Ahmad Naharuddin Ramadhan; Putri Nabila; Yusuf Sudo Hadi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.49378

Abstract

Subterranean termites, particularly Coptotermes curvignathus, are destructive pests that cause serious damage to wood, crops, plantation commodities, and building structures. The development of plant-based semiochemicals may provide an environmentally friendly alternative for termite management by utilizing natural compounds that influence termite orientation behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the olfactory and trail-following responses of C. curvignathus workers to selected plant leaf extracts and to identify their potential roles as attractants, repellents, or trail-disrupting agents. Leaves of cajuput, eucalyptus, citronella, pine, and tea tree were extracted using 70% ethanol, concentrated by rotary evaporation, and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Olfactory responses were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer, while trail-following behavior was evaluated using a Y-shaped filter paper assay. Each treatment was replicated 15 times using different worker termites, and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The highest olfactory response was observed in cajuput extract (80.00%), followed by eucalyptus (60.00%), pine (53.33%), tea tree (40.00%), and citronella (33.33%). In the trail-following assay, cajuput produced the highest positive response (93.33%), followed by pine (80.00%), eucalyptus (53.33%), tea tree (33.33%), and citronella (26.66%). GC-MS analysis showed that cajuput was dominated by α-pinene and 1,8-cineole, while citronella contained geraniol and citronellol, compounds associated with repellent activity. These findings indicate that plant-derived volatile monoterpenes influence termite orientation and trail-following behavior. This research supports SDG 12 and SDG 15 by promoting plant-based termite management and reducing reliance on synthetic termiticides.
Effect of Shallot Biopesticide Extract and Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Plant Growth and Suppression of Fusarium-Induced Twisting Disease Haryuni Haryuni; Endang Suprapti; Mugi Harsono; Suji Tegar Prasetio; Sindi Suryani; Handung Nuryadi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.49381

Abstract

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a major agricultural commodity in Indonesia. This plant contributes significantly to the national economy and contains numerous bioactive compounds with various properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. However, the biggest production constraint is infection by the pathogen Fusarium, known as Twisting disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of combining biopesticides and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) in shallot farming on Fusarium spp. The experiment was conducted using randomize block design with two main parameters. The first parameter was the interval of biopesticide extract applications, namely, no extract, once a week, and once every two weeks. The second parameter was the LOF dosage, including 0, 25, 50, and 75 mL/plant. Plant height, number of leaves, fresh biomass, and disease incidence were observed to evaluate the effect of biopesticides and LOF application. The results showed that a combination of biopesticide extract and LOF positively affected growth but suppressed disease incidence. The combination of once-a-week biopesticide extract and 75 mL/plant LOF applications was identified as the best treatment. In conclusion, biopesticide extract and LOF can be applied for sustainable, environmentally friendly disease management in shallot plants. The results support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 12, and 15 by controlling Fusarium fungal infections in shallots, maintaining production, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and promoting sustainable agricultural management.
Species Listing of Macrofungi in Brgy. Zabali, Baler, Aurora, Philippines Joshua C. Ramos; Sofronio Kalaw; Angeles De Leon; Oscar T. Bula Jr.; Harold P. Barrogo; Renato G. Reyes; Rich Milton R. Dulay
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.53357

Abstract

Macrofungi are often perceived as uncharismatic and, hence, are frequently neglected in scientific discussions on wildlife conservation. Several macrofungal studies have been conducted in various parts of the Philippines, most particularly in Luzon. This paper reports the species found in the ultramafic forests of Brgy. Zabali, Baler, Aurora, one of the key biodiversity areas of the Philippines. Particularly, the study aimed to observe the composition of macrofungi during the transition period towards the southwest monsoon (habagat season). An opportunistic sampling method was employed in the study across three collection periods from May to July 2025. We found that the forests of Brgy. Zabali support a diverse array of macrofungal species and are substantially influenced by precipitation. Polyporoid fungi were the dominant species during drier periods, while many fleshy fungi emerged much later, upon an increase in rainfall. A total of 105 specimens were collected, which are categorized under 1 class, 8 orders, 24 families, 39 genera, and 52 species. The family Polyporaceae recorded the highest number of distinct species among other families. Out of 52 species, only 19 were identified to the species level. The study also reports seven (7) newly recorded basidiomycetes in the Philippines, namely, Calocera sp., Laetiporus sp. Marasmius cf. cladophyllus, Panus c.f similis, Phaeotremella sp., Phylloporia cf. alyxiae, and Scleroderma sp. The absence of ascomycete representatives in the study may be attributed to poor timing and a relatively short collection period. Nevertheless, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the long-term monitoring and conservation of Philippine macrofungi.
Place-based Socioscientific Issues Approach to Enhance Prospective Natural Sciences Teachers’ Critical Reasoning Yokhebed Yokhebed; Mas Akhbar Faturrahman; Eka Ariyati; Reni Marlina; Erwina Oktavianty
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Inpress August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.53747

Abstract

Critical reasoning plays a crucial role in analyzing and evaluating available information and in formulating appropriate solutions to issues arising in communities today. This role can be enhanced through a place-based socioscientific issues (SSI) approach. This study aims to enhance prospective natural sciences teachers’ critical reasoning through a place-based SSI approach in West Kalimantan in two contexts: the use of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) and tuak (rice wine). This study employed a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design and involved 64 students at Universitas Tanjungpura. Data were collected using a test comprising critical reasoning dimensions: information evaluation, complexity identification, information sources credibility assessment, and multiperspective. The profile of prospective natural sciences teachers’ critical reasoning showed improvement across all dimensions. The effectiveness of the place-based SSI approach showed a statistically significant improvement (p-value < 0.05) on the dimensions of complexity identification (large effect size), information sources credibility assessment (medium effect size), and multiperspective (medium effect size). The information evaluation dimension was insignificantly different (p-value > 0.05), despite a medium effect size. The findings show that a place-based SSI approach is effective for enhancing prospective natural sciences teachers’ critical reasoning. This study strengthens the SSI-based learning literature, develops scientifically literate citizens, and increases the quality of teacher education programs. Furthermore, this study contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), by increasing the number of individuals with the skills necessary to navigate the ever-changing times and by enhancing the quality of prospective natural sciences teachers in West Kalimantan.

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