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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 142 Documents
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Potential of Wild Ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) Rhizome Extract as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Sulisetijono Sulisetijono; Abdul Rasyid Fakhrun Gani; Noviansyah Kusmahardhika
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.34801

Abstract

Indonesian people have long used wild ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) as an ingredient in traditional medicine and rituals. Its rhizomes have been shown to contain several bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibiotic activity that are believed to be able to treat typhoid fever. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Z. zerumbet extract using ethanol and methanol as solvents. Z. zerumbet extract was purified, LC-MS tests were conducted to identify active compounds, phenolic and flavonoid content tests were conducted using colorimetry methods, DPPH tests were conducted to measure antioxidant activity, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) tests were conducted to measure antibacterial activity. LC-MS analysis proved that Z. zerumbet contains active compounds such as flavonoids with their derivatives, such as kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, etc. Z. zerumbet with ethanol solvent had stronger antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 125.97 μg/mL) than methanol solvent (IC₅₀ = 404.91 μg/mL). In contrast, ethanol solvent had lower antibacterial activity than methanol solvent. The findings of this study show that the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Z. zerumbet depend on the solvent used and can be used as an alternative natural remedy for treating typhoid-related infections. This research supports the three goals of the SDGs by strengthening public knowledge of Z. zerumbet as a traditional medicinal ingredient, thereby improving disease control and the quality of public health through natural medicinal ingredients. 
The Effect of Beauveria bassiana on the Development of Bactrocera dorsalis Complex at Various Soil Depths Amin Setyo Leksono; Wildania Putri Agustina; Marsa Salsabila; Nabila Fitri Rosyida; Riska Putri Qurotaayunina; Irfan Mustafa; Nia Kurniawan; Anisa Zairina; Hakan Bozdoğan
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.35514

Abstract

Bactrocera dorsalis complex is a pest that causes losses in agriculture because it causes damage and rotting of fruits and vegetables. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that produces secondary metabolites that can infect pests. This study aimed to determine the effect of B. bassiana on the growth of B. dorsalis complex at different soil depths. This study adopted a randomized factorial design with two factors. The first factor was treatment, which consisted of control, water addition, and Streptomyces sp. application. The second factor was soil depth, consisting of eight pupation depth treatments of 0, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm. The pupae were placed in a mica tube with a diameter of 5 cm and covered with sieved soil. Replication was carried out four times. The observed parameters included dead pupae, successful imago, normality, and development time. B. bassiana treatment significantly increased pupal mortality, decreased successful survival, and the normality of the imago. B. bassiana treatment also significantly extended the development time of all imago parameters. Soil depth significantly affected pupal mortality and all imago parameters. Soil depth significantly affected the development time of successful imagoes, but not the development time of normal and abnormal imagoes. These findings suggest that B. bassiana effectively controls fruit fly pupae in soils of varying depths. This study provides a foundation for integrating entomopathogenic B. bassiana into fruit fly control strategies targeting the pupal stage. This research supports SDGs Zero Hunger because the result directly contributes to sustainable agriculture through biological control of the fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), a major pest of horticultural crops, reduced crop losses, and increased agricultural productivity, as well as provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Analysis of ellagic acid response in Nephelium lappaceum peel extract in the obesity rat model Lisdiana Lisdiana; Djuna Lamondo; Annisaa Basar; Nugrahaningsih WH; Mirtaati Naimah; Yofi Ersyada Damayanti; Amalia Wilda Aulia; Fitria Salsabila
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.37039

Abstract

 Naphelium lappaceum L or Rambutan in Indonesian, fruit peel has been identified as a potential source of polyphenolic compounds, including ellagic acid, geraniin, and corilagin. Ellagic acid has been reported to have strong antioxidant activity, inhibit adipogenesis, increase lipid oxidation, and reduce plasma lipid concentrations in obese animal models. This study aimed to analyze the response of ellagic acid contained in N. lappaceum peel extract on lipid profiles and liver histology in obese rat models.  Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal (P1), obese (P2), ellagic acid (P3), O-RPE (Obese rats treated with RPE) 15 mg/kgBW (P4), and O-RPE 30 mg/kgBW (P5). Treatment was administered for 30 days. The results showed that administration of ellagic acid and RPS (O-RPE) significantly improved metabolic parameters in obese rats. ANOVA analysis revealed lower LDL (p < 0.05), reduced triglycerides, and improved liver histology scores in treatment groups compared to the obese control, while other parameters showed favorable but non‑significant trends. In conclusion, ellagic acid in RPE demonstrates potential as a herbal anti-obesity agent by improving lipid profiles and liver tissue structure. This research highlights the innovative use of N. lappaceum peel as a source of bioactive compounds for obesity management, an area that remains underexplored. This research supports SDGs 3 (Good Health and Well‑being) by offering natural interventions for obesity, and SDGs 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by promoting sustainable use of agricultural waste.
Identification of Indonesian Endemic Orchidaceae using Sequence Alignment and Genetic Distance Tutut Indria Permana; Navik Khusniah; Roimil Latifa; Eko Susetyarini; Husamah Husamah; Diani Fatmawati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.38007

Abstract

Orchid is an ornamental plant commodity with a high contribution to horticultural production in Indonesia. Efforts to fulfill market demand have caused the hybridization of many orchids to improve quality and create uniqueness in orchid horticulture. Hybridization is influenced by the genetic distance between orchid species to be crossing over. This study aimed to analyze the genetic relationship of the Indonesian endemic Orchidaceae family using sequence alignment and genetic distance. This descriptive exploratory research uses the bioinformatics method with the genetic distance as a variable. The procedure in this study begins with collecting sequence data in FASTA format, aligning sample sequence data, constructing phylogenetic trees, computing amino acid composition, computing Pairwise Distance, and ends with data analysis. The sample was 16 species of orchids that were selected using a purposive sampling technique with complete sequence data in GenBank. The genetic relationships of the 16 species consist of two major clades. Each clade has a pair of species connected by a straight vertical line indicating genetic distance <0.003 or close category. In the first clade, there are three pairs of closely related species (Vanda pumila – Dendrobium trilamellatum, Cymbidium dayanum – Aerides odorata, and Coelogyne pandurata – Coleogyne asperata). While in the second clade, only one pair of species is closely related, namely Phalaenopsis corningiana – Phalaenopsis tetrapis. This research information confirms the DNA-based identification of endemic Indonesian orchids, which has a positive impact on the accuracy of biodiversity inventory and monitoring. This research supports SDG 5. The data provides a scientific basis for terrestrial ecosystem conservation and prevents biodiversity loss through more accurate species identification.
High-Performance Thermotolerant Local Strains for Sustainable Tropical Bioethanol Production via Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Elza Heryensi; Fitri April Yanti; Rendy Wikrama Wardana; Mochamad Lutfi Firdaus; Noorzana Khamis; Suzieleez Syrene Binti Abdul Rahim
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.38316

Abstract

High fermentation temperatures will remain a major limitation to competitive bioethanol production in tropical countries and regions. The objective of the present study was to enrich indigenous microbial strains, improve their performance through Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE), and identify a promising candidate for sustainable bioethanol production. A design an exploratory-comparative laboratory study design was used. Four isolates, Candida tropicalis (CT-BKL01), Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM-BKL02), Bacillus coagulans (BC-BKL03), and Zymobacter palmae (ZP-BKL04), were isolated, characterised, and evolved at elevated temperatures (up to 60 generations). Statistical methods included t-tests (paired and unpaired), fold-change values from proteomics, and nonlinear regression using the Monod-Haldane model. ALE results showed ALE significantly increased the specific growth rate, the activity of the enzyme (p < 0.05), and promoted overexpression of HSP70, GroEL, and ADH-II, whereas its improvement in ethanol titer was observed at 45 °C, with BC-BKL03 as the best strain exhibiting μmax of 0.63 h-¹ that had strong model-appropriate fits (R² ≥ 0.98). From a scientific point of view, this study offers an excellent non-recombinant approach for strain improvement without genetic modification. Operationally, this work contributes to SDGs 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDGs 13 (Climate Action) by enabling efficient production without active cooling. It enables regional energy sovereignty and reduces carbon emissions, offering a scalable solution for the renewable energy industry in tropical countries.
Protective Effects of Curculigo latifolia Root Extract on Testicular Function in Mice Exposed to 7,12-Dimethylbenz(A)Anthracene Haryanto Haryanto; Luthfia Hastiani Muharram; Agus Sutandi; Cusiyani Aprillia; Saepul Muhyi Amirullah; Faisal Anggi Pradita
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.38549

Abstract

The testis, a vital reproductive organ in males, is highly susceptible to damage from chemotherapy. The root of Curculigo latifolia contains secondary metabolites that have potential as anticancer agents and protective agents for reproductive health. This study aims to evaluate the protective potential of crude extract from C. latifolia in suppressing testicular carcinogenesis induced by DMBA in vivo. This study employed a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, including negative and positive controls, as well as three treatment groups receiving doses of C. latifolia root extract at 300, 600, and 900 mg/Kg body weight. Testicular carcinogenesis was induced by oral administration of DMBA at a dose of 20 mg/Kg body weight twice a week for six weeks. The data of sperm quality, including motility, viability, sperm concentration, and testicular microanatomical structures, analysed by ANOVA one-way test, revealed significant effects from oral administration of C. latifolia root extract (p < 0.05). Overall, C. latifolia root extract improves sperm quality and protects the testicular microanatomical structure against DMBA exposure. Novelty in this study explores the local herbal agent potential (C. latifolia root extract), decreasing reproductive damage and alopecia from DMBA carcinogenic effects. Thus, these findings directly contribute to reaching Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) by ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being in all aspects for all ages.
Microbiological and Nutritional Properties of Fermented Artocarpus integer Mesocarp (Mandai) from West Kalimantan, Indonesia Laili Fitri Yeni; Hayatul Fajri; Mas Akhbar Faturrahman; Putri Novahisa; Muthia Kumalasari; Luqman Abdan Syakuran
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.38812

Abstract

Mandai—traditionally made from Artocarpus integer mesocarp—originates from Central, South, and East Kalimantan and has been adopted in West Kalimantan. However, data on the microbiological and nutritional properties of West Kalimantan mandai have yet to be revealed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the microbiological and nutritional properties of mandai. Mandai samples were obtained from one traditional producer. The analysis of microbiological properties included bacterial isolation, followed by molecular identification through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of nutritional properties includes the determination of proximate, crude fiber, amino acid, and essential mineral profiles. Microbiological properties showed that the mandai contains four Enterobacter species. However, no lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were detected in the samples. Meanwhile, the nutritional properties indicate a high concentration of moisture, ash, and essential minerals; low levels of total fat, protein, and carbohydrates; as well as the existence of L-serine and L-tyrosine. The total energy obtained is 15.50 kcal/100g. Therefore, it can be concluded that although mandai contains nutritional values, the presence of Enterobacter poses a food safety risk. As the first to analyze the microbiological and nutritional properties of mandai obtained from West Kalimantan, this study benefits science and society, as the unexpected finding of Enterobacter emphasizes the urgency of production process standardization. Moreover, this study correlates with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 3 due to the main focus of this study, which reveals crucial information regarding the safety of consuming mandai, which can benefit health from the nutrients it contains.
Purification and Molecular Characterization of Protease from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IN17 Isolated from Fermented Fish (Inasua) Sakina Maya Maulawi; Nisa Mubarik; Laksmi Ambarsari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.39679

Abstract

Protease is a protein degrading enzyme that is widely used in the food fermentation and protein processing industries. An example of a fermented fish product known as inasua, which originates from Maluku in Indonesia, is a proteolytic bacterial source. The aims of this study were to purify, characterize, and analyze the molecular characteristics of the protease produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IN17. Proteases from extracellular and intracellular fractions were partially purified using dialysis and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Metal ion effects, kinetic parameters, electrophoretic analysis, and the ideal pH and temperature were all used to assess the enzymatic properties. The extracellular protease enzyme showed an increase in specific activity from 0.079 to 0.182 U mg-¹ with a yield of 18.9%. Maximum activity was observed at pH 6.0 for the extracellular enzyme and pH 7.0 for the intracellular fraction at 37 °C. Mn²⁺ enhanced the activity, and the kinetics analysis showed higher catalytic efficiency in the extracellular enzyme. An active protein band ~26 kDa was detected, and structural modeling revealed a conserved Ser–His–Asp catalytic triad. This work seeks to expand current knowledge of LAB proteolytic systems derived from non-dairy fermented foods by integrating purification strategies, enzymatic profiling, and gene analysis. This research supports SDGs 3 and SDGs 12 by promoting functional food development and responsible utilization of local microbial resources.
The Influence of Chitosan on the Physical Properties of Avocado Seed Starch-Based Biofoam Synodalia C. Wattimena; Philipus Patty
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.42273

Abstract

The global reliance on styrofoam has left us with a crisis of non-biodegradable waste. To tackle this, our study explores a sustainable alternative, i.e., converting avocado seeds, which are an overlooked agricultural byproduct, into biodegradable foam (biofoam). We focused on characterizing avocado seed starch and investigating how the addition of chitosan influences the foam’s physical performance. The properties observed in this research include tensile strength testing with a universal mechanical tester, microstructure analysis using SEM, biodegradability, and water absorption. In addition, characteristics of the starch, including granule size and shape using a polarized microscope, and crystallinity using XRD, were also analyzed. Our analysis revealed that the starch granules are primarily spherical (7.2–41.7 µm) with a B-type crystalline structure. By incorporating 20% chitosan, we observed a significant structural shift from uniform globular cells to a bubble-like matrix, which tripled the material’s tensile strength from 0.07 MPa to 0.263 MPa. Furthermore, the chitosan acted as a vital functional filler, reducing water sensitivity and slowing the rate of biodegradation to more practical levels. These results offer a compelling case for materials science: we can transform food waste into high-performance, eco-friendly packaging. By aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), this research provides a tangible pathway toward a circular economy, proving that the future of plastics might just be hidden in our organic waste. Using avocado seed waste to produce starch, a raw material for creating eco-friendly biofoam, promotes sustainable production and consumption patterns.
Innovation Augmented Reality-Based E-Magazine to Improve Students' STEM Literacy in Human Excretory System Learning Nadia Eka Ardhani; Arif Widiyatmoko; Ani Rusilowati; Tiara Dwi Wulandari; Hutkemri Zulnaidi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.42312

Abstract

Abstract. The rapid development of information and communication technology in Industry 4.0 has transformed education and requires innovative learning approaches to develop students’ 21st-century skills, particularly STEM literacy. Indonesian students still demonstrate low achievement and engagement in STEM learning, as well as a lack of interactive digital learning resources. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an Augmented Reality-Based E-Magazine (E-Magazine AR) as an innovative learning resource for the human excretory system material, to improve students’ STEM literacy. The research employed a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design involving eighth-grade students of Junior High School 27 Semarang. Data were collected using STEM literacy tests administered before and after the learning intervention. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ STEM literacy, with an N-Gain score of 0.77 (from 59.12 in the pretest to 91.32 in the posttest), categorised as high. The paired sample t-test also indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of the E-Magazine AR. Additionally, 91% of students achieved very high criteria after the intervention. These findings indicate that the E-Magazine AR is an effective digital learning media for enhancing students’ STEM literacy. This research supports SDGs 4 on quality education by promoting innovative digital learning in science education. It also contributes to SDGs 9 by advancing the digitalization of educational infrastructure through the integration of AR technology into E-Magazine learning media. The findings contribute to science education by providing an interactive and scalable learning solution that enhances students’ understanding, engagement, and readiness for a technology-driven learning environment.

Page 14 of 15 | Total Record : 142

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