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Journal of Law and Legal Reform
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 27150941     EISSN : 27150968     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The Journal seeks to disseminate information and views on matters relating to law reform, including developments in case and statute law, as well as proposals for law reform, be they from formal law reform bodies or from other institutions or individuals
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025" : 16 Documents clear
Transforming Democratic Policing in the Digital Era for Law Enforcement Accountability in Indonesia Sandiya, Idris; Ghafur, A. Hanief Saha; Yuliatiningtyas, Solikhah
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.30554

Abstract

The phenomenon of “No Viral No Justice” illustrates how legal justice is increasingly shaped by social media exposure, where only viral cases tend to receive serious attention from law enforcement agencies. This article analyzes the relationship between social media virality and the concept of Democratic Policing (DP), introducing a new conceptual framework termed Digital Democratic Policing (DDP). Through a literature review of 18 scientific journal articles, this study integrates five primary theories: (1) Social Movement Theory, (2) Public Sentiment Analysis, (3) Media Exposure Theory, (4) A Theory of Justice, and (5) Democratic Policing. The findings indicate that digitalization has enhanced DP practices by making them more transparent, participatory, and open to public scrutiny. However, digitalization also creates challenges, including trial by social media and the spread of disinformation. Within this context, the DDP framework is positioned not only as a response to the digital era but also as a medium for legal reform, emphasizing technology-based transparency, public participation in digital spaces, and accountable police governance. By embedding DDP into broader law enforcement reforms, policing can move beyond reactive measures toward a proactive system that restores legal certainty and strengthens democratic legitimacy. This study expands the scope of DP research into the digital domain and recommends adaptive policing policies grounded in justice, democracy, and reform-oriented practices. Generally, the DP approach shifts law enforcement from a coercive model to one that is collaborative and responsive, where legal legitimacy is primarily built upon public trust, forming the core of democratic security systems.
Manipulated Stocks and Corruption: Lessons from Three Indonesian Verdicts Chevalier, Henry; Sumardiana, Benny; Waspiah, Waspiah
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.30606

Abstract

The Jiwasraya, Asabri, and DP4 cases are major financial scandals in Indonesia involving stock price manipulation and corruption. These crimes stemmed from weaknesses in capital market regulations, weak oversight, and conflicts of interest in the management of investment funds in state financial institutions. The perpetrators exploited regulatory loopholes to divert funds into low-quality stocks whose prices were manipulated through fraudulent transactions and misleading information. The state losses, reaching hundreds of trillions of rupiah, underscore the need for financial governance reform and regulatory strengthening. The legal verdicts in these cases have a deterrent effect, with severe penalties for perpetrators, including life imprisonment and the confiscation of assets. Furthermore, capital market regulations have been tightened, a risk-based oversight system has been implemented, and transparency in the management of public funds has been increased. To prevent similar crimes, stricter oversight of investments by state-owned insurance companies and pension funds, increased transparency in financial reporting, and synergy between institutions in financial law enforcement are needed. Stronger regulatory measures can curb stock price manipulation linked to corruption, thereby restoring trust in the capital market and the national financial system.
The Role of A Judge’s Conscience in Deciding Criminal Cases: Practice of Criminal Justice in Indonesia Sudirman, Antonius; Bahang, Konstantinus; Pinto, Joel Casimiro
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.34799

Abstract

As the leading actor in the criminal justice system in Indonesia, a judge must engage in a dialogue with their conscience before deciding on a criminal case to ensure true justice for all parties. This article aims to analyze the functioning of judges’ consciences in their decisions within the criminal justice system in Indonesia. Therefore, a literature study was conducted. Data is collected by reading and tracing various relevant documents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results are as follows: first, conceptually, judges who have a conscience are constantly in dialogue with their consciences, and then they decide cases according to their sincere consciences. Second, in the context of criminal justice in Indonesia, judges are obligated to heed the promptings of their conscience every time they decide on a criminal case. This is because the ultimate goal of criminal justice is to uncover the truth and ensure justice for all parties, namely society, victims, and perpetrators of crimes. However, in fact, there are still judges who disregard their conscience and are easily influenced by extrajudicial powers, such as mass pressure and political interests. For this reason, it is necessary to submit several recommendations: (1) all parents should teach their children the importance of a simple, honest, committed, and responsible life because the family is a cell of society, a place for seedling law enforcement officials, including judges; (2) optimizing the role of the judicial commission in the form of policy support and adequate funds so that the institution can recruit prospective judges and professionally supervise the behavior of judges; (3) Judges who are involved in moral violations or abuse of power are subject to severe criminal sanctions to create a deterrent effect.
Reimagining Criminal Liability in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Toward a Comparative and Reform-Oriented Legal Framework Maskur, Muhammad Azil; Masyhar, Ali; Damayanti, Ratih; Ramada, Diandra Preludio; Sanyal, Subhra
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.35540

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly permeate decision-making processes across sectors—from autonomous vehicles to predictive algorithms in finance and law enforcement—traditional frameworks of criminal liability face unprecedented challenges. This article critically examines the adequacy of existing criminal law doctrines in attributing liability when harm arises from autonomous or semi-autonomous AI actions. It explores the tension between actus reus and mens rea in cases involving algorithmic behavior, and interrogates whether AI entities can or should be treated as legal subjects under penal law. Through a comparative legal analysis of jurisdictions including the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Indonesia, the study identifies divergent approaches to regulating AI-related harm and assigning culpability. The article highlights emerging models such as strict liability, vicarious liability, and hybrid regulatory frameworks, and evaluates their potential for adaptation within Indonesia’s evolving legal system. Special attention is given to the role of developers, corporations, and state actors in shaping accountability mechanisms. The paper concludes by proposing a normative framework for reimagining criminal liability in the age of AI—one that balances innovation with legal certainty, and integrates ethical safeguards, technological transparency, and procedural fairness. This framework aims to inform future legislative reform in Indonesia and contribute to global discourse on AI governance and criminal justice.
Legal Reform in the Relocation of Indonesia’s Capital: Challenges and Implications Jamrudin, Hasrin; Widowaty, Yeni; Satriawan, Iwan; Prasetyoningsih, Nanik; Rettob, Fikram
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.21111

Abstract

Moving Indonesia’s capital city to the archipelago is a strategic policy aimed at addressing development inequality, reducing the burden on Jakarta, and creating a more sustainable center of government. However, the rapid legislative process and lack of public participation raise questions regarding the legitimacy of the policy. This study aims to analyze the legal politics of the National Capital City Law (UU IKN) as well as the social, economic, and environmental implications of relocating the capital city. Using a normative method with a descriptive and comparative approach, this study examines relevant regulations as well as other countries’ experiences in capital city relocation. The results show that capital city relocation faces challenges in governance, protection of indigenous peoples’ rights, as well as environmental impacts such as deforestation and increased carbon emissions. From an economic perspective, while it is expected to boost investment and regional development, the project faces funding constraints as well as social risks for affected communities. Therefore, more inclusive, transparent and sustainability-based policies are needed to ensure the success of this project. Strong regulations, fair compensation mechanisms for affected communities, and strict environmental policies should be top priorities. With a comprehensive approach, the archipelago can develop into a modern, competitive and sustainable capital city.
Criminal Liability for Corruption of Bribery: Problems and Legal Reform Saputra, Rian; Zaid, M; Wibowo, Muhammad Kurniawan Budi; Hanum, Willy Naresta; Triasari, Devi
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.22251

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the concerns of bribery and corruption within Indonesia’s legal framework for combating corruption, particularly with the duality in establishing legal norms that support criminal liability for bribery offenses. After identifying the concerns, this study aims to suggest ideas for amending bribery and corruption legislation based on legal certainty. This normative legal examination utilizes a legislative methodology and a comparative law framework. The study’s findings reveal that the Corruption Eradication Law, which regulates bribery offenses, engenders legal ambiguity in enforcing such crimes, as the legislators, namely the government and the Indonesian Parliament, have instituted provisions for bribery offenses that lack consistency. The manifestation of this phenomenon is mainly determined by the subjective assessments of law enforcement officials concerning the relevant statute. The subjective discretion of law enforcement officials in choosing relevant statutes may lead to the abuse of power concerning civil servants,state officials, and judges who accept bribes. To establish legal certainty, criminal liability for bribery may be achieved by amending Article 12(a) of the Corruption Eradication Law as follows: A civil servant or state official who accepts a gift or promise, with knowledge or reasonable suspicion that it is intended to induce him to act or refrain from acting contrary to his obligations, shall face a prison sentence of no less than 1 year and no more than 20 years, in addition to a penalty equivalent to five times the value of the bribe.

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