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RUDI SALAM
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Pinisi Journal of Social Science
Published by Universitas Negeri Makassar
ISSN : 28302494     EISSN : 28299256     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education, Social,
Social Sciences Other
Pinisi Journal of Social Science. Published by the peer review process and open access with p-ISSN: 2830-2494 and e-ISSN: 2829-9256. Pinisi Journal of Social Science. Intended as a media of information and arena of philosophical, theoretical, methodological debates related to social science issues . Pinisi Journal of Social Science: a journal of the results of thought, research, and development in the science of Social Science. invited scientists, activists, and public officials to write issues related to Social Science. Articles can be research or conceptual. Published by Faculty of Social Science and Law. published three times a year on May, September, and January.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Sosiologi dan Ilmu Politik
Articles 60 Documents
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Effectiveness of Think–Pair–Share and Peer Tutoring Instructional Strategies on Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Government in Delta State Anyima, Friday Fidelis; Bassey, Obiageli Ifeoma; Akudolu, Lilian-Rita
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.47331

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of Think-Pair-Share (TPS) and Peer Tutoring instructional strategies on secondary school students’ academic achievement in Government in Delta State, Nigeria. Specifically, it examined the main effects of teaching strategies, gender, and their interaction on students’ performance. A quasi-experimental research design, adopting a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group structure, was employed. The sample consisted of 180 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students, selected through multistage sampling from six schools. Three intact classes were assigned to experimental groups (TPS and Peer Tutoring) and a control group (lecture method). The instrument used for data collection was the Government Achievement Test (GAT), which was validated and subjected to a reliability test yielding a coefficient of 0.86 using Kuder-Richardson (KR-20). Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings revealed that students taught with TPS and Peer Tutoring significantly outperformed their counterparts taught using the lecture method. The study further showed no significant main effect of gender on students’ achievement in Government. Similarly, no significant interaction effect was found between teaching methods and gender on achievement. These findings indicate that TPS and Peer Tutoring are more effective than conventional methods and are equally beneficial to both male and female students. It was recommended that teachers adopt interactive and student-centered methods such as TPS and Peer Tutoring in teaching Government to promote active learning and academic success.
RETHINKING CHINA-NIGERIA INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING IN AN ERA OF ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION Odokuma, Onome; Bisina, Joel Dimiyen
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.81366

Abstract

 Nigeria’s infrastructure deficit has made external financing pivotal to its development trajectory, with China emerging as a dominant partner through loans, investments, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This paper critically re-examines China-Nigeria infrastructure financing through the theoretical lenses of dependency theory and globalisation theory, exploring how structural asymmetries and global economic integration shape Nigeria’s development outcomes. Using a qualitative research design and documentary analysis, the study interrogates policy documents, institutional reports, and academic literature to evaluate the implications of Chinese-funded rail, power, and ICT projects. Findings reveal that while Chinese financing has expanded Nigeria’s infrastructural capacity and regional connectivity, it also reinforces structural vulnerabilities, including debt dependence, limited technology transfer, and weak local content participation. From a dependency perspective, these patterns reproduce unequal relations in the global capitalist system. Conversely, globalisation theory situates Nigeria’s engagement within a shifting multipolar order in which China’s growing influence redefines norms for South-South cooperation and development financing. The study concludes that Nigeria’s experience is neither purely exploitative nor wholly transformative but a negotiated outcome of global structural forces and domestic agency. It argues for a strategic rethinking of financing models centred on transparency, institutional accountability, and diversified funding sources. By recalibrating its engagement with China, Nigeria can transform infrastructure partnerships from mechanisms of dependency into instruments of industrialisation, economic sovereignty, and sustainable development in an era of global economic interdependence.
Governance and Power Dynamics in Eco-Tourism: Assessing the Co-Management Model in Nigeria's Cross River National Park Eba, Maxwell-Borjor Achuk
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i1.70087

Abstract

Eco-tourism in protected areas is increasingly promoted as a model for conservation and community development in Nigeria. However, its success is contingent not on the presence of biodiversity alone, but on the governance structures that manage access, benefits, and trade-offs. This research critically examines the co-management framework of Cross River National Park (CRNP), one of Nigeria's most biodiverse and internationally significant protected areas. It investigates the complex interplay between the state (National Park Service), international conservation NGOs, private tourism operators, and the numerous forest-dependent communities residing in and around the park. Using a qualitative political ecology approach, the study analyzes formal agreements, policy documents, and, crucially, the lived experiences and perceptions of local communities. It seeks to uncover whether the current co-management model facilitates genuine power-sharing and equitable benefit distribution or merely perpetuates existing hierarchies under a new, "green" guise. The findings aim to contribute a nuanced understanding of institutional arrangements necessary for sustainable and just eco-tourism, offering concrete recommendations for reforming participatory governance in Nigeria's protected area network.
Impact of Virtual Reality on Learning Complex Biological Processes: A Study of Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria Ewere, Chukwuka Rita
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.61758

Abstract

Advances in educational technology have created new opportunities for enhancing science learning. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive and interactive experiences that may improve students’ conceptual understanding and practical skills in biology, particularly in complex topics such as cellular respiration, mitosis, and enzyme action. This study employs a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 120 Senior Secondary School Two (SSS II) biology students will be drawn from four schools in Delta State, Nigeria, representing both urban and rural settings. Two schools will be assigned as experimental groups receiving VR-based instruction, while two will serve as control groups taught using conventional lecture, chalkboard, and textbook methods. Data collection will utilize two validated and reliable instruments: the Biology Conceptual Understanding Test (BCUT) and the Biology Practical Skills Performance Test (BPSPT). The intervention spans six weeks, with both groups completing pre-tests and post-tests. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to compare outcomes while controlling for baseline scores. It is expected that students exposed to VR-based instruction will demonstrate significantly higher gains in conceptual understanding and practical performance than those taught with conventional methods. Findings will provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of VR in secondary school biology education in Nigeria. The study highlights the potential of immersive technologies to strengthen science teaching and learning, with implications for curriculum innovation in developing contexts. 
Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Food Security: Evidence from the South-South Geographical Zone of Nigeria Bisina, Joel Dimiyen; Okolie, Ugo Chuks
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.81132

Abstract

Innovation in agriculture and the pursuit of sustainable food security are vital concerns for all modern societies. In this context, the present study conducted an empirical investigation to assess the relationship between agricultural innovation and sustainable food security in Nigeria’s South–South geopolitical zone. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were gathered through a survey administered to 300 respondents across the region. The data were analysed using linear regression and the Pearson product–moment correlation, with the assistance of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings revealed a strong and positive association between agricultural innovation and sustainable food security in the South–South zone. As anticipated, the study further showed that agricultural innovation exerts a favourable and statistically significant influence on sustainable food security in the area. It also explored the implications of food security for Nigeria’s national security. Overall, the results suggest that agricultural innovation plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable food security globally. Consequently, the study recommends, among other measures, that both federal and state governments in Nigeria should strengthen agricultural research and capacity building through the use of modern technologies, with a view to boosting agricultural productivity and enhancing food security nationwide.
Immanuel Kant’s Deontological Ethics and the Moral Legitimacy of Artificial Intelligence in Nigeria’s Healthcare Delivery System Keremah, Christian Oruama; Udisi, Ebikisei Stanley
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i1.47327

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of employee competence on service quality at the Donri-Donri sub-district office, Soppeng Regency. By using a quantitative design approach. This type of research is descriptive quantitative using observation techniques, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation in data collection. The study population consisted of 34 people with a population sample using descriptive statistical data analysis techniques and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a significant and positive influence on the quality of public services in Donri-Donri District, Soppeng Regency. The findings of this study provide an overview of basically knowledge skills and skill abilities that are needed by every sub-district employee so that each task can be carried out quickly and more easily. Various efforts have been made by the government of the Donri-Donri sub-district to maintain the competence of its apparatus through educational and training activities whose aim is to keep employees up to date with information that develops with the alignment of tasks and functions as well as demands for service needs by the community
The Illicit Commodification of Deportation: The Trump Administration’s “Third-Country Prisoner Transfer” Policy as a Violation of Jus Cogens Norms and the Law of State Responsibility Nabiebu, Miebaka; Eja, Alobo Eni; Ipuole, Roland; Njong, Cleverty Afu
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.51008

Abstract

This paper examines the Trump administration’s initiative to deport non-citizen prisoners to third countries through bilateral agreements as a fundamental challenge to international legal order. We argue this policy of “strategic exile” constituted an internationally wrongful act that engaged United States state responsibility by violating peremptory norms (jus cogens) and established principles of international law. The analysis demonstrates how the policy violated the prohibition on arbitrary deprivation of nationality and the right to a nationality, breached the absolute principle of non-refoulement, and contravened customary rules governing lawful expulsion. By seeking to transfer individuals to states with which they lacked genuine legal bonds, the United States attempted to create conditions of de facto statelessness while exposing individuals to foreseeable risks of persecution and indefinite detention. The paper further examines how recipient states could bear shared responsibility under the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility for aiding in these violations. This case represents a dangerous precedent for the erosion of fundamental human rights protections through bilateral coercion, demanding a robust international response to affirm that state sovereignty cannot legitimate the unilateral severance of an individual’s legal bond to the international community of states.
FRAGMENTED GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL LEGITIMACY IN POST-GADDAFI LIBYA: PATHWAYS TOWARD NATIONAL RECONCILIATION NMOR, Emmanuel Ifeakaonye; NDUBUISI, Johnson Okoroafor; CHUKE, Patrick Ikechukwu
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.74930

Abstract

Since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has experienced persistent political instability, institutional fragmentation, and violent conflicts, leading to a severe legitimacy crisis. The absence of a unified central authority has resulted in parallel governments, militia dominance, economic mismanagement, and foreign interference, further complicating national reconciliation efforts. This study examines the fragmented governance and institutional legitimacy crisis in post-Gaddafi Libya while exploring viable pathways toward national reconciliation. It adopts the historical research method, relying on secondary sources such as policy reports, scholarly works, and official documents. Through qualitative content analysis, the study critically evaluates political developments, institutional failures, and reconciliation efforts over time. It highlights key challenges, including the lack of inclusive political dialogue, a fragmented security sector, and uneven economic distribution, which have deepened divisions across the country. The study argues that national reconciliation is only achievable through inclusive political dialogue, security sector reform, economic stabilization, transitional justice, and reduced foreign influence. Establishing a transparent electoral roadmap, integrating militias into a unified national army, ensuring fair oil revenue distribution, and promoting grassroots-level peace-building initiatives are essential for rebuilding Libya’s institutional legitimacy. The study recommends a Libyan-led reconciliation process, supported by regional and international mediation efforts, with a strong focus on justice, security, and governance reforms. By addressing these structural issues, Libya can move toward long-term stability, national unity, and the restoration of public trust in state institutions..Kata kunci: (keyword) fragmented governance, institutional legitimacy, post-Gaddafi Libya, national reconciliation, political instability
Digital Ecosystems and the Paradox of Inclusive Exclusion: Reconceptualizing Business Development Services for Tanzanian MSMEs in the Platform Era Chachage, Bukaza Loth
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i2.39184

Abstract

The digitization of Business Development Services (BDS) is championed globally as a solution to scale support for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in emerging economies. In Tanzania, this vision aligns with national strategies and has spurred a proliferation of mobile-based advisory, fintech, and e-commerce platforms. This conceptual paper identifies and theorizes a critical paradox underpinning this digital transition: the phenomenon of inclusive exclusion. While digital BDS platforms ostensibly promote inclusion by broadening access, they simultaneously engineer new, systemic forms of exclusion rooted in asymmetrical data extraction, opaque algorithmic governance, and entrenched platform power. We argue that the prevailing “digital divide” framework is analytically inadequate, as it focuses narrowly on connectivity rather than on the qualitative and power-laden nature of digital inclusion. Synthesizing digital platform theory, the capabilities approach, and critical data studies, we advance a novel Tripartite Framework of Digital BDS Engagement, centered on the interrelated dimensions of Access, Agency, and Algorithms. Through an analysis of Tanzania’s digital BDS ecosystem, including the government’s M-SME Digital Hub, agri-tech services like WeFarm, and fintech lenders such as Tala, we demonstrate how MSMEs are routinely included as data sources and users but excluded from value capture, fair algorithmic treatment, and meaningful control. In response, we propose a Digital BDS Ecosystem Justice Framework built on three core tensions: Automation versus Advisory, Data Extraction versus Empowerment, and Scalability versus Context-Specificity. The paper concludes that transforming digital BDS from a tool of efficient delivery into a platform for genuine entrepreneurial capability development requires embedded participatory governance, robust data sovereignty principles, and a fundamental reorientation from designing for to designing with Tanzanian MSMEs.
The Legal Vacuum of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: From Meaningful Human Control to Algorithmic Accountability in the Age of AI Warfare Nabiebu, Miebaka; Ekpo, Mokutima; Njong, Cleverty Afu; Anukanti, Vivien
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i1.61759

Abstract

The rapid and opaque development of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) has created a profound crisis in the foundational frameworks of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This paper argues that the current diplomatic discourse within the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, centered on the nebulous concept of “Meaningful Human Control,” is insufficient and strategically stalled. It posits that the advent of sophisticated artificial intelligence driven targeting, as seen in contemporary conflicts, necessitates a fundamental shift in the legal paradigm. The analysis contends that IHL's core principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution in attack cannot be authentically complied with by opaque algorithms whose decision making processes are inscrutable and whose parameters may be shaped by biased data sets. The paper examines how the deployment of LAWS fractures the chain of legal accountability, creating a responsibility gap where no human can be held legally responsible for an unlawful algorithmic kill decision. Moving beyond critique, the paper proposes a new regulatory framework based on Algorithmic Accountability. This framework demands legally binding prohibitions on autonomy in critical functions, mandatory human rights impact assessments, transparent algorithmic auditing, and the establishment of an international registry for military artificial intelligence systems. This research aims to break the diplomatic impasse by providing a concrete, legally rigorous pathway to govern the weaponization of artificial intelligence before its integration erodes the very essence of humanitarian law.

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