Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[The effects of quartic term mathematical model on the concentration profile of fixed bed gas adsorber ]]>
<![CDATA[Ary Mauliva Hada Putri]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.61308
<![CDATA[The need for a reliable mathematical model depicting the process inside a column adsorber has become a requisite in designing an effective gas adsorber. Even though this task can be done by using commercial software, it is still important to get an understanding of how the entire process happens. In this paper, we discuss a new way to approximate the concentration profile inside the porous solids. It is an extension of the work of Liaw et al., who adopted a parabolic (i.e., quadratic) profile, which is a function of pellet radius while retaining the spherical symmetry. We extend their work by adding the quartic term. The inclusion of this new term still preserves the form of linear driving force approximation with some correction to Glueckauf’s parameter (i.e., the effective diffusivity coefficient). The addition of the correction will affect the breakthrough curve so that it affects the saturation time. In the binary system of hydrogen/methane discussed in this study, we found that a negative correction to the diffusivity coefficient will make the saturation happen earlier compared to that of the parabolic case, and vice versa. This study may help us design an efficient gas purifier, in particular when we set out for the regeneration of the adsorbent.]]>
<![CDATA[Studi pengaruh variabel proses dan kinetika ekstraksi nikel dari bijih nikel laterit menggunakan larutan asam sulfat pada tekanan atmosferik ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahab]]>;
<![CDATA[Erwin Anshari]]>;
<![CDATA[Marwan Zam Mili]]>;
<![CDATA[WD. Rizky Awaliah Nafiu]]>;
<![CDATA[Muh. Nuzul Khaq]]>;
<![CDATA[Deniyatno]]>;
<![CDATA[Firdaus]]>;
<![CDATA[Yayat Iman Supriyatna]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.61533
<![CDATA[Leaching at atmospheric pressure is one of the leaching methods of concern because it has several advantages, namely that it can process low-level nickel ore, can operate at temperatures >100 ⁰C at atmospheric pressure, and can be used in saprolite and limonite ores. In this research, nickel extraction from nickel laterite ore was carried out using sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4) as a leaching agent. The variables that were varied in the leaching process were temperature (30, 60, and 90 ⁰C), sulfuric acid concentration (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 molar) and leaching time (30, 60, and 90 minutes). In this study, a 3-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to see the significance of the variable effects and the order of the most influential variables. In addition, leaching kinetics was studied by shrinking core models to determine rate determining step. The results showed that the increase in temperature, sulfuric acid and leaching time produced a higher percentage of extracted nickel. Based on the 3-factor ANOVA, the order of the most influential variables was obtained, namely temperature, acid concentration and leaching time. The kinetics analysis showed that rate determining step of leaching ore nickel laterite with H2SO4 solution on atmospheric pressure is controlled by diffusion through solid layer product.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetics study of paracetamol production from para-aminophenol and acetic anhydride ]]>
<![CDATA[Rifki Wahyu Kurnianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Fahrurrozi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hilda Ismail]]>;
<![CDATA[Raden Rara Endang Lukitaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Indah Tri Nur'aini]]>;
<![CDATA[Pudjono Lukitaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochmadi Lukitaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Ari Sudarmanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratna Asmah Susidarti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.64551
<![CDATA[In the last decade, Indonesia intensifies the efforts to reduce pharmaceutical imports. One of the initiatives is establishing a paracetamol production facility to start operating in 2024. Kinetics study is needed as a basis to design the paracetamol reactor. This study investigated the optimal temperature, reactant mole ratio, and agitation speed in the reactor for paracetamol production. In this study, aqueous solution of para-aminophenol was reacted with acetic anhydride. The mole ratio of para-aminophenol to acetic anhydride was varied to 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.5, and 1:2 while the temperature was varied to 80 °C, 90 °C, and 110 °C. However, due to uncontrolled heat of the reaction and limitation of the mixture’s boiling point, the actual reaction temperatures were 86 °C, 90 °C, and 108 °C. In addition, the agitation speed of 250 RPM and 350 RPM were also studied. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and densitometry were used to determine the concentration of paracetamol in the reacting mixture. The optimum temperature, reactant mole ratio, and agitation speed in this study were 108 °C, 1:1.5, and 350 RPM, respectively. In addition, a reaction performed under those operating parameters gave the reaction rate constant of 1.95 L mol-1 min-1.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinerja internal reboiler tipe vertical tubular baffle pada proses distilasi etanol secara batch ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuana Susmiati]]>;
<![CDATA[Bambang Purwantana]]>;
<![CDATA[Nursigit Bintoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Rahayoe]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.65483
<![CDATA[The performance of ethanol distillation is determined by the type of reboiler used in the distillation column. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in diameter and height of internal reboiler tubes, as well as feed content on ethanol distillate concentration and distillation yield. The research was conducted on a batch ethanol distillation process using a rectified distillation device with an internal vertical tubular baffle reboiler using different diameters and tube height, namely 1.5, 1, and 0.5 inches of diameter, and 8, 6, and 4 cm of tube heights. Materials or feeds in this study were ethanol solutions with levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% v/v. The results showed that the highest ethanol distillate content of 97.17% v/v (average) was achieved in the distillation process using an internal reboiler with a diameter of 0.5”, a tube height of 8 cm, and a feed content of 10%. Geometry affected the heat transfer process in the internal reboiler of a distillation device so that it affected the distillation results.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluasi aspek teknis dan lingkungan instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) komunal di Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta ]]>
<![CDATA[Dwi Saputri]]>;
<![CDATA[Fajar Marendra]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Prasetya]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.65833
<![CDATA[As the producer of waste (both in solid form and wastewater), the increase of population creates a dominant effect on environmental problems. Escalation of the amount of domestic wastewater has led to greater sanitation problems. Indonesian government has carried out several programs for improving sanitation access and facilities. Community-based wastewater treatment plant (Communal WWTP) is one of the priority programs. Sleman Regency in Special Province of Yogyakarta owns 131 communal WWTP, where the oldest one had been built in 2006 while the newest one was installed in 2018. In this study, the techno-environmental assessment of communal WWTP in the District of Sleman, Yogyakarta was carried out. Sampling selection of communal WWTPs was undertaken using Stratified Random Sampling techniques. Data collection was executed by a combination of field surveys and in depth-interview of several relevant personnel. The study was done for 30 communal WTTP in various Districts in Sleman regency. Assessment was carried out based on the Likert scale of 4. The results showed that the average score for environment aspect was 2.94 (good), while that for technical aspect was 3.52 (very good). Overall, the techno-environmental score of communal WWTP in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta was 3.23 out of 4, which was categorized as good.]]>
<![CDATA[Preparasi katalis MgO/C dari pirolisis polimer berbasis magnesium salisilat dan aplikasinya untuk reaksi transesterifikasi ]]>
<![CDATA[Imam Prasetyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwiana Ayu Kiranti Nur’aeni]]>;
<![CDATA[Pandu Timur Bhaskara]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.65855
<![CDATA[The objective of the study is to produce carbon-based magnesium oxide (MgO) solid base catalyst by pyrolysis of phenolic resin and to examine the material effectiveness as a catalyst for transesterification reaction. The phenolic resins were prepared by polymerization process of phenol, derivative salicylic acid (magnesium salicylate), and formaldehyde aqueous solution under acidic condition using H2SO4 as catalyst. The molar ratio of magnesium salicylate:phenol:formaldehyde was 0.33:0.67:2.80. Carbon-based magnesium oxide solid base catalyst (MgO/C) was produced from phenolic resins via physical activation process using steam at 850°C. Material was characterized using N2-sorption analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pyrolysis process for carbon formation resulted in 75% burn-off. The specific surface area of catalyst was 494 m2/g and the presence of MgO was confirmed by XRD diffraction pattern (2θ position of 36-43°, 61-63°, dan 74-78° according to JCPDS No.89-7746) and SEM image. Characteristic comparison of MgO/C with carbon produced from phenol formaldehyde resin (without magnesium salicylate) corroborate the finding that MgO/C was achieved. The catalyst was tested for transesterification reaction between palm oil and methanol. Conversion of 28.3% was achieved at temperature of 65 °C, reactant ratio of methanol: palm oil = 6:1 and reaction time of 2.5 hours. The activation energy of 6,444 cal/mol was obtained when evaluated in the range of 55-65 °C reaction temperature.]]>
<![CDATA[Perbandingan performa refrigeran propana dan amonia pada siklus refrigerasi Dew Point Control Unit (DPCU) ]]>
<![CDATA[Mochammad Syahrir Isdiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aditya Nurfebriartanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Rafitri Rusmala]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.65973
<![CDATA[Natural gas, that has been processed and met certain specifications, is sent to consumers through pipeline. Gas condensation within the pipeline should be avoided because it has negative impacts. Hydrocarbon dew point is a measure of the easiness of gas condensation. To meet the hydrocarbon dew point, heavy hydrocarbon should be extracted in dew point control unit (DPCU). The extraction is done by gas cooling in gas chiller followed by separating the liquid formed in low temperature separator (LTS). The gas chiller functions as an evaporator in the DPCU refrigeration cycle. Propane is a common refrigerant in the DPCU. In addition, ammonia is also a potential refrigerant due to its normal boiling point being close to the hydrocarbon dew point. Refrigeration cycle performance depends on evaporator temperature, condensor temperature, and the inherent pressure-enthalpy (PH) characteristic of the selected refrigerant. This study aimed to compare the performance from ammonia and propane against the change of evaporator and condenser temperature. This study was a dry research using Aspen Hysys V11.0 simulation software (academic license). The refrigeration cycle was a simple cycle with fixed variables in the form of evaporator load, saturated liquid at outlet condenser, and saturated vapour at outlet evaporator. This study indicated that at the same evaporator load, evaporator temperature, and condenser temperature, ammonia refrigeration cycle was better than the propane because coefficient of performance (COP) of ammonia was higher than propane. This study also modeled COP changes of propane and ammonia as mathematical equation. Quantitatively, it appeared that COP of propane was more sensitive than ammonia against both evaporator and condenser temperature changes.]]>
<![CDATA[Densification process of merbau (Intsia bijuga) and matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) sawdust waste for biomass based solid fuel source in West Papua Indonesia: Optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Prasetya]]>;
<![CDATA[Halomoan Siagian]]>;
<![CDATA[Felix Arie Setiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.66024
<![CDATA[Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) are two amongst many prominent biomass sources from West Papua, Indonesia. With their versatile characteristics, merbau and matoa wood are used in many industries such as furniture, music instrument, and many other specialty products. However, wood processing industries can emit up to 60% of the residue. In this study, the usage of both merbau and matoa sawdust wastes as solid fuel was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). merbau and matoa sawdust are sieved to get the desired particle size (-20+50 mesh). Two kinds of the sawdust are then mixed in various compositions (70, 50, and 30% merbau). The mixed sawdust is then mixed with varied sticky starch solutions (1, 5, and 10%) to be formed in pellets with various moulding compression force (50, 100, and 150 kg/cm²). The pellets are then analyzed for its characteristics such as ash, moisture contents, and calorific value to be compared with its initial conditions. A full three-level factorial design under RSM was applied to explain the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results show that statistically, merbau content, binder content, and compressive force showed relatively significant effects on the studied responses (ash content, moisture content, and calorific value). In addition, ANOVA analysis proved that each variable has significant effects on the responses that are confirmed by practically zero P-value. The coefficient of determinations (R²) are all above 0.96 and the normal probability plots confirm that the proposed models adequate the experimental results.]]>
<![CDATA[Modifikasi proses pengolahan Boiler Feed Water (BFW) dari All Volatile Treatment (AVT) menjadi Oxygenated Treatment (OT) untuk produksi listrik ramah lingkungan ]]>
<![CDATA[Sigit Setyawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ilham Satria Raditya Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Agik Dwika Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochim Bakti Cahyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 2 (2021): Volume 15, Number 2, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.65976
<![CDATA[In power plant industries, boiler feed water (BFW) quality becomes the main parameter for steam generation, which is used for electricity production. To generate standard BFW for power plants, each impurity within water resources should be removed to prevent corrosion and scale deposition by several processes such as sedimentation, coagulation, polishing, and deaeration. Operation conditions that involved high temperature would trigger corrosion as a crucial factor in the maintenance and practical lifetime of the equipment. In the beginning of the operation, PT. Cirebon Electric Power (CEP) used All Volatile Treatment–Reduction (AVT-R) by injection of both ammonia and hydrazine. In order to optimize the operation, the BFW treatment was changed to All Volatile Treatment–Oxidation (AVT-O) that only uses of ammonia and deaerator for removing the dissolved gas. Based on the actual evaluation, AVT technology showed less performance related to corrosion prevention and high chemical consumption. Therefore, PT. CEP tried to implement modification in the BFW treatment, which is AVT technology to Oxygenated Treatment (OT). This paper is to evaluate the effect of those modifications on corrosion prevention and resource-energy saving. The modification into OT showed valuable results that decrease concentration of dissolved Fe from 1 ppb to 0.1 ppb in the deaerator outlet stream. This data reveals that good corrosion prevention can be achieved through the creation of passive layers, hematite Fe2O3. Oxygen injection into the water circulation system yielded an oxidation atmosphere so that the passive layer, Fe2O3, was formed. In addition to corrosion prevention, this modification also cut the amount of ammonia injection into the system from 2 ppm to 0.12 ppm. Reduction of that ammonia injection provides other benefits such as decreasing the volume of resin regeneration, which becomes only twice a month. This situation also created other benefits such as reducing the regeneration water, chemicals, and wastewater. Thus, the modification could establish the electricity production by PT. CEP more environmentally friendly and sustainable.]]>
<![CDATA[Separation of 6-gingerol in zingiber officinale rubrum varieties using an ultrasonic assisted extraction method ]]>
<![CDATA[Herliati Rahman]]>;
<![CDATA[Satrio Nur Prambudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyu Endranaka]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 2 (2021): Volume 15, Number 2, 2021 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.67955
<![CDATA[Gingerol is a chemical compound found in red ginger, with pharmaceutical use as an analgesic drug. Generally, gingerol separation in ginger uses the Soxhlet extraction method, but this process has a weakness. It requires a long process and unsatisfactory yield. This research aims to study ultrasonic frequency effect on increasing gingerol yield in the extraction process. The variables studied were extraction times with variations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. In addition, the ultrasonic effect was also observed with variations in the ultrasonic frequency of 40 and 50 kHz compared to the solvent extraction method. This study used 70% (v/v) ethanol as a solvent and an operating temperature of 50 ºC as fixed variables. Furthermore, it used a rotary vacuum evaporator at a pressure of 350 mmHg to separate the resulting gingerol extract. Qualitative sample analysis used Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while quantitative analysis used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Waters Alliance e2695 brand with X-Terra RP18 column 100 x 4.6 mm, five μm to determine the total gingerol extract. The results showed that ultrasonic power had a significant effect on the results obtained, with the highest yield was 24.71% at the ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz with an extraction time of 120 minutes.]]>
