Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[Biochar from slow catalytic pyrolysis of spirulina platensis residue: Effects of temperature and silica-alumina catalyst on yield and characteristics ]]>
<![CDATA[Siti Jamilatun]]>;
<![CDATA[Ilham Mufandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Arief Budiman]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhendra]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.56221
<![CDATA[The use of biochar varies on its ability as an adsorbent which adsorbs liquid or gas molecules. Biochar from Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) as an energy source, as its richness in nutrients, can be used as fertilizer and maintain water resources in plantations. Biochar can be used as an intermediary for the synthesis of nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon black, and carbon fiber. One of the essential things to be considered in the application of activated carbon from SPR is char’s characteristics. This study aimed to obtain data on the biochar and components from the pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue. The study was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor with electric heaters with a variety of temperatures (300-700 ⁰C) and the amount of silica-alumina catalyst (0-20%). The biochar weight was obtained by weighing the char formed at the end of the pyrolysis. The char characteristics were obtained by the surface area, total pore volume, and pore size analysis. Based on the study results, the relationship between temperature and the amount of catalyst on the characteristics of biochar was studied. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the less biochar. Also, the use of catalysts can reduce the amount of biochar. The higher the temperature, the higher the surface area and the total pore volume while the pore radius was reduced. The optimum condition for maximum biochar yield in non-catalytic pyrolysis at a temperature of 300 ⁰C was 49.86 wt.%. The surface area, the total pore volume, and the pore radius at 700 ⁰C catalytic pyrolysis with 5% silica-alumina was obtained as 36.91 m2/g, 0.052 cm3/g, and 2.68 nm, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimasi biaya dalam proses pemurnian metanol untuk mengurangi resin sebagai limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun di PT Kaltim Methanol Industri ]]>
<![CDATA[Reno Imam Arthapersada]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Kurniawan Adiputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Indra P. Hakim]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Karfendi Putro]]>;
<![CDATA[Asep Zainuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Lisendra Marbelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad T. Yuliansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.59553
<![CDATA[Purification process of raw methanol from its impurities to produce pure methanol at PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (PT KMI) is carried out by several steps, including degassing, distillation, and adsorption. One of the impurities, tri methyl amine (TMA), could be removed by adding NaOH. Another method to remove TMA is conducted by adsorption process on ion exchange resin on the vessel called TMA catchpot. The TMA catchpot performance is very crucial in methanol purification process. Thus, monitoring and optimization are required to be performed regularly. Once the TMA catchpot resin has exhausted, the performance will be drop and methanol purification could not be done efficiently. Furthermore, the ion exchange resin should be replaced with new resin. This study evaluates the performance of the TMA catchpot during the charge of 2010, 2012, and 2016, calculates the NaOH consumption during operational time, and optimizes the cost. Resin regeneration option was introduced and compared with the conventional method (i.e. resin replacement). Economic evaluation shows that the lowest annual cost could be obtained by fresh resin replacement every 4 years and resin regeneration every 2 years. Resin regeneration option gives not only annual cost reduction, but also positive impact to the environment, by decreasing the amount of hazardous waste (i.e. spent resin) significantly.]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh variasi suhu hidrotermal dan aktivator kalium hidroksida (KOH) terhadap kemampuan hydrochar sebagai adsorben pada proses adsorpsi limbah cair metilen biru ]]>
<![CDATA[Aziz Askaputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad T. Yuliansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.57394
<![CDATA[Oil palm shell is one of biomass-wastes which is abundantly found in palm oil industries. Its economical value can be enhanced by converting it into hydrochar using a hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). In this study, preparation of oil palm shell hydrochar was performed and the material was used as adsorbent to remove methylene blue from waste water. Effects of HTC temperature, KOH activator concentration, and adsorption time were studied. Functional groups of hydrochar were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the uptake capacity of hydrochar to adsorp methylene blue was measured by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that dehydration and decarboxylation reactions took place more progressively at the higher temperature of HTC. It was also found that activation process resulted higher removal efficiency of methylene blue. The highest adsorption capacity (16.58 mg/g, with removal efficiency 99.51%) was obtained by hydrochar prepared by HTC 270°C, KOH 1.5 N, and carried out for 80 minutes.]]>
<![CDATA[Peningkatan kualitas pelet tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui torefaksi menggunakan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyu Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Irma Thya Rani]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Yulianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Indra Gumay Febryano]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Agustina Iryani]]>;
<![CDATA[Udin Hasanudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Sihyun Lee]]>;
<![CDATA[Sangdo Kim]]>;
<![CDATA[Jiho Yoo]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Haryanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.56817
<![CDATA[Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches (EFB) have not been utilized optimally. Currently, it is considered as a resource with low economic value. This biomass can be converted into bioenergy through a torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis at temperatures ranging between 200 and 300 °C, and it is generally performed under an inert atmosphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of torrefaction using Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) on the properties of oil palm EFB pellets. Torrefaction was conducted at 280 °C temperature with a residence time of 4 minutes. The results showed a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content and an increase in hydrophobicity after torrefaction using the COMB reactor. The change in the hygroscopic property could make the oil palm EFB pellet more stable against chemical oxidation and microbial degradation, hence self-heating and auto-ignition during storage could be prevented. The heating value of biomass increased after torrefaction. Torrefaction with the COMB reactor resulted in a heating value of 17.90 MJ/kg, which is comparable with the results of oxidative torrefaction (with longer residence time) of 18.28 MJ/kg. The results suggested that torrefaction using the COMB reactor could provide a great improvement in the quality of the bioenergetic properties of oil palm EFB pellets. However, the high ash content of the EFB pellets implied that the EFB pellets suitable for a small-scale application, but not yet for cofiring in power plants or as a feedstock for gasification.]]>
<![CDATA[Peningkatan efisiensi energi melalui optimasi cycle steam boiler pada operasi boiler: studi kasus di PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) ]]>
<![CDATA[Wingo Wira Dewanatan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Kurniawan Adiputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Indra P. Hakim]]>;
<![CDATA[Asep Zainuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Karfendi Putro]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochim Bakti Cahyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.59172
<![CDATA[Methanol is one of the important intermediate chemicals which is used widely in many processes to produce final products such as formaldehyde, dimethyl ether (DME), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). As a pioneer of methanol producer in Indonesia, PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) has a strong commitment for sustainability and saving natural resources including enhancement of energy efficiency during production activities. Since mid-2018, to fulfill the electricity needs, PT. KMI has two main sources of electricity namely internal source using steam turbine generator and tie-in from PT. Kaltim Daya Mandiri (KDM). The modification of electricity sources promotes PT. KMI to evaluate the efficiency of internal electricity production. This has been conducted by performing optimization of blow down rate or cycle steam in boiler operation. Based on the data logbook, this work aims to evaluate the effect of blowdown rate on the energy saving and natural gas consumption. When the number of cycle steam boilers is altered from around 10 to 24, the company could get the potential energy saving around 300 MMBTU/day or 7.14% of total based energy consumption. In the boiler operation, decreasing blowdown rate would raise the cycle steam boiler and give final consequences to reduce energy losses from the release of BFW. The optimization of this cycle steam also cut the boiler specific energy consumption into around 3.0 MMBTU/ton steam. Based on the average heating value, this innovation could decline the natural gas consumption of PT. KMI around 122.91 MMSCF in the period of July 2018 – July 2019. Based on the result above, the modification of the cycle steam boiler would enhance energy efficiency, saving the natural resources and promote the application of sustainable development concept in the chemical industry.]]>
<![CDATA[Simulation of nitrogen release from chitosan/local organic fertilizer composite as slow-release fertilizer ]]>
<![CDATA[Alit Istiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuni Kusumastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochmadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.50341
<![CDATA[The application of conventional fertilizer, especially for inorganic fertilizer, has low efficiency due to the fast release of its nutrients into the environment. Also, it has a high operating cost caused by multiple fertilization processes in one of the planting periods. One of the possibilities to overcome this limitation is applying organic fertilizer as a slow-release fertilizer (SRF). The objective of this research is to prepare SRF by modifying the formulation of local organic fertilizer with chitosan as a binder. The rate of the nitrogen release was studied and simulated with MATLAB. The result shows that the nitrogen loss by water leaching decreased up to 85% in chitosan/organic fertilizer rather than the fertilizer without chitosan. By MATLAB simulation, the release of nitrogen has followed the proposed mathematical model in which the mass transfer occurred dominated by diffusion mechanism with the diffusivity coefficient of 1.61x10-5 cm2/s.]]>
<![CDATA[Studi penambahan etilena glikol dalam menghambat pembentukan metana hidrat pada proses pemurnian gas alam ]]>
<![CDATA[Muslikhin Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Danang Tri hartanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Mufti Aziz]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutijan Aziz]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.59871
<![CDATA[The gas processing facilities are designed to significantly reduce the impurities such as water vapor, heavy hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide (COS), benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX), mercaptane, and the sulfur compounds. A small amount of those compounds in natural gas is not preferable since they disturb the next processes. It was proposed to decrease natural gas's operating temperature to -20 ⁰F to remove the impurities from natural gas. The decrease of the natural gas's operating temperature has some consequences to the gas mixers such as hydrate formation at high pressure and low temperature, solidification of ethylene glycol (EG) solution, and the icing of the surface due to low temperature on the surface of chiller (three constraints). The Aspen Hysys 8.8 was used to obtain the suitable flowrate and concentration of the EG solution injected into the natural gas. Peng-Robinson's model was considered the most appropriate thermodynamic property model, and thus it has been applied for this research. The calculation results showed that the EG solution injection would reduce the hydrate formation due to water vapor absorption in the natural gas by EG. The EG solution's flowrate and concentration were varied from 20,000-2,000,000 lb/hr and 80-90 wt.%. When the separation was carried out at the operating temperature of -20 ⁰F, the EG solution's concentration fulfilling the requirement was of 80-84 wt.% with the flowrate of EG solution of 900,000 lb/hr and even more. This amount is not operable. More focused investigation was done for the variation of the operating temperature. Increasing operating temperature significantly reduced the flowrate of EG solution to about 200,000 lb/hr. An alternative process was proposed by focusing on two concentration cases of 80 and 85 % of weight at the low flow rate of EG solution, respectively. These simulations were intended to predict impurities' concentration in the effluent of Dew Point Control Unit (DPCU). The concentrations of BTX, heavy hydrocarbon, mercaptane, and COS flowing out of DPCU were 428.1 ppm, 378.4 ppm, 104 ppm, and 13.3 ppm, respectively. The concentrations of BTX and heavy hydrocarbon are greater than the minimum standard required. It is needed to install an absorber to absorb BTX and heavy hydrocarbon. However, the absorber capacity will be much smaller than if the temperature of natural gas is not decreased and not injected by the EG solution.]]>
<![CDATA[Tip-cylinder electrode plasma to enhance the coating of conductive yarn process ]]>
<![CDATA[Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Lutfi Zulfikar]]>;
<![CDATA[Atin Sumihartanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Juliany Ningsih Mohamad]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusril yusuf]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.54946
<![CDATA[This study aims to develop conductive textile materials using a polyester textile yarn by applying a knife coating method and pre-treatment of a tip-cylinder plasma electrode. In this research, carbon ink was coated on polyester staple yarn which was given a pre-treatment with a plasma generator and coated with the knife coating method. The electrical conductivity of conductive yarns produced from this study was divided into two types, as yarns without plasma treatment and with plasma treatment with a ratio of water and carbon ink concentrations of 1:1 and 2:1. The results of the electrical conductivity with plasma treatment and the concentration of carbon ink and water of 1:1 and 1:2 were 69005 (Ωm)-1 and 50144.25 (Ωm)-1, respectively, while the results of the electrical conductivity for threads with concentrations of carbon ink and water of 1:1 and 1:2 without plasma treatment were 18197.64 (Ωm)‑1 and 8873.54 (Ωm)-1, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of carbon ink and water and plasma treatment affected the conductive value of the yarn. The results also showed that the presence of plasma pre-treatment improved the coating process of conductive ink on the yarn.]]>
<![CDATA[Eco-friendly alkyd resins based on vegetable oil: Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Okta Amelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Illah Sailah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ika Amalia Kartika]]>;
<![CDATA[Ono Suparno]]>;
<![CDATA[Yazid Bindar]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.64143
<![CDATA[The alkyd resin industry currently needs environmentally friendly raw materials, which emphasized the aspect of sustainability. Alkyd resin is a polymer product with oil as raw material which is widely used in the paint, coating, and other industries. The abundant demand for alkyd resin has led to a diversification of the raw material for alkyd resin from vegetable oils. The advantages of vegetable oil include being a renewable energy source for industry, sustainability, biodegradability, and being environmentally friendly as important considerations for the industry in recent times. This paper examines alkyd resins derived from several vegetable oils that are environmentally friendly. Alkyd resin is prepared by alcoholysis and esterification. Based on several studies of alkyd resins, there have been many modifications to the raw materials, technology, and catalysts used which can refer to an environmentally friendly and affordable industry.]]>
<![CDATA[In-situ catalytic pyrolysis of spirulina platensis residue (SPR): Effect of temperature and amount of C12-4 catalyst on product yield ]]>
<![CDATA[Siti Jamilatun]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratih Mahardhika]]>;
<![CDATA[Imelda Ika Nurshinta]]>;
<![CDATA[Lukhi Mulia Sithopyta]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Volume 15, Number 1, 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.60477
<![CDATA[Currently, dependence on fossil energy, especially petroleum, is still high at 96% of the total consumption. One solution to overcome fossil energy consumption is processing alternative energy sources derived from microalgae biomass. This study aims to study the pyrolysis of microalgae with the addition of the C12-4 (Cr2O3+Fe2O3+C+CuO+promoter) catalyst. The biomass used in this study was Spirulina platensis residue (SPR). This study used a fixed bed reactor with an outer diameter of 44 mm, an inner diameter of 40 mm, and a total reactor height of 600 mm. The C12-4 was mixed fifty grams of SPR with a particle size of 100 mesh with a ratio variation of 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. The feed mixture was placed in the reactor (in-situ), and the reactor was tightly closed. The nickel-wire heater wrapped around the reactor wall was employed. The pyrolysis heating rate was 24.33 °C/min on average, and the temperatures were varied as 300, 400, 500, 550, and 600 °C. The research found that the optimum temperature conditions without and with the catalyst to produce bio-oil were different. The pyrolysis without any catalyst (500 ⁰C), with a catalyst of 5 wt.% (500 ⁰C), 10 wt.% (400 ⁰C), and 15 wt.% (550 ⁰C) produced the bio-oil yield of 15.00, 17.92, 16.78 and 16.54, respectively. The use of 5, 10, and 15 wt.% catalysts increased the water phase yield. The char yield was influenced by the amount of catalyst only at 300 ⁰C; i.e., the more catalysts, the less char yield. The pyrolysis without any catalysts produced the highest gas product. A catalyst significantly increased the pyrolysis conversion from 48.69 (without catalyst) to 62.46% (15. wt.% catalyst) at a temperature of 300 ⁰C. The optimum conditions for producing the best bio-oil were at 600 °C and 10 wt.% of catalysts, which resulted in an O/C ratio of 0.14.]]>
