Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses is an open-access journal published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada as scientific journal to accommodate current topics related to chemical and biochemical process exploration and optimization which covers multi scale analysis from micro to macro and full plant size. Specialization topics covered by Jurnal Rekayasa Proses are: 1. Kinetics and Catalysis Includes simulations and experiments in reaction kinetics, catalyst synthesis and characterization, reactor design, process intensification, microreactor, multiphase reactors, multiscale phenomena, transfer phenomena in multiphase reactors. 2. Separation and Purification System Includes phase equilibrium, mass transfer, mixing and segregation, unit operation, distillation, absorption, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, chromatography, crystallization and precipitation, supercritical fluids, bioprocess product purification. 3. Process System Engineering Includes simulation, analysis, optimization, and process control on chemical/biochemical processes based on mathematical modeling; multiscale modeling strategy (molecular level, phase level, unit level, and inter-unit integration); design of experiment (DoE); current methods on simulation for model parameter determination. 4. Oil, Gas, and Coal Technology Includes chemical engineering application on process optimization to achieve utmost efficiency in energy usage, natural gas purification, fractionation recovery, CO2 capture, coal liquefaction, enhanced oil recovery and current technology to deal with scarcity in fossil fuels and its environmental impacts. 5. Particle Technology Includes application of chemical engineering concepts on particulate system, which covers phenomenological study on nucleation, particle growth, breakage, and aggregation, particle population dynamic model, particulate fluid dynamic in chemical processes, characterization and engineering of particulate system. 6. Mineral Process Engineering Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in mineral ore processing, liberation techniques and purification, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and energy efficiency in mineral processing industries. 7. Material and biomaterial Includes application of chemical engineering concepts in material synthesis, characterization, design and scale up of nano material synthesis, multiphase phenomena, material modifications (thin film, porous materials etc), contemporary synthesis techniques (such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, colloidal synthesis, nucleation mechanism and growth, nano particle dispersion stability, etc.). 8. Bioresource and Biomass Engineering Includes natural product processing to create higher economic value through purification and conversion techniques (such as natural dye, herbal supplements, dietary fibers, edible oils, etc), energy generation from biomass, life cycle and economic analysis on bioresource utilization. 9. Biochemistry and Bioprocess Engineering Includes biochemical reaction engineering, bioprocess optimization which includes microorganism selection and maintenance, bioprocess application for waste treatment, bioreactor modeling and optimization, downstream processing. 10. Biomedical Engineering Includes enhancement of cellular productions of enzymes, protein engineering, tissue engineering, materials for implants, and new materials to improve drug delivery system. 11. Energy, Water, Environment, and Sustainability Includes energy balances/audits in industries, energy conversion systems, energy storage and distribution system, water quality, water treatment, water quality analysis, green processes, waste minimization, environment remediation, and environment protection efforts (organic fertilizer production and application, biopesticides, etc.).
Articles
273 Documents
<![CDATA[Tertiary butylhydroquinone influence over oxidation stability of biodiesel from waste cooking oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Setyawardhani, Dwi Ardiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Ammar, Thufeil]]>;
<![CDATA[Ammar, Yusuf]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.67177
<![CDATA[An oxidation stability is very important for a long-term storage of biodiesel. Some physical (density and viscosity) and chemical properties (acid value, iodine value, and peroxide value) were analyzed to predict the oxidation stability for biodiesel produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). WCO is one of the potential feedstocks in Indonesia, which is a large cooking oil consumer. Biodiesel from WCO was produced by transesterification process in 60 oC temperature for one hour reaction time. Methanol was added in 4:1 (v/v) ratio of WCO with 2% potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. This study observed the influence of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a synthetic antioxidant, on the oxidation stability of biodiesel. TBHQ was used as an antioxidant agent to prevent biodiesel oxidation for such long-term storage. It was blended with biodiesel at various concentrations (0-1200 ppm). Samples were taken every week to measure the density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value (IV) and peroxide value (PV) during the storage process of the biodiesel blends which was conducted for 4 weeks. The experimental results revealed that an improvement in oxidation stability was achieved in all TBHQ concentrations. All parameters meet Indonesia’s National Standards (SNI) for biodiesel added with TBHQ up to 1200 ppm. Biodiesel which was treated with 1200 ppm of TBHQ provided the best result, due to its density, viscosity, IV, and PV. However, TBHQ addition was did not affect the free fatty acid and acid number for 4 weeks of storage.]]>
<![CDATA[Efisiensi energi dan evaluasi keselamatan pada modifikasi penggantian katalis unit Desulfurizer di PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI), Bontang, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Dermawan, Dwi Agus]]>;
<![CDATA[Arthapersada, Reno Imam]]>;
<![CDATA[Adiputra, Muhammad Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hakim, Indra P.]]>;
<![CDATA[Putro, Imam Karfendi]]>;
<![CDATA[Cahyono, Rochim Bakti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.68759
<![CDATA[Metanol sebagai salah satu bahan kimia dasar dapat digunakan secara langsung sebagai campuran bahan bakar untuk internal combustion engines atau bahan baku antara (intermediate chemicals) untuk memproduksi beragam bahan kimia penting seperti formaldehyde, asam asetat, dimethyl ether (DME), dan methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). PT. KMI memproduksi metanol dengan bahan baku gas alam melalui proses steam reforming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan produk yang berkualitas dan proses produksi yang efisien, dibutuhkan metana yang terbebas dari pengotor sulfur. Untuk itu diperlukan unit desulfurizer berupa fixed bed berisi katalis CoMo pada unit 010-D03 dan adsorben penjerap sulfur pada unit 010-D01. Pada tahun 2019 telah dilakukan penggantian katalis 3 in 1 yang mampu menghilangkan sulfur dalam satu tangki fixed bed (010-D01). Berdasarkan data dari logbook operasi pabrik berupa pressure drop, flowrate, suhu, dan komposisi dilakukan evaluasi penghematan energi dan keselamatan dari modifikasi ini. Penggantian katalis baru pada tangki 010-D01 yang memungkinkan tangki CoMo dioperasikan dalam kondisi kosong sehingga mengurangi pressure drop di dalam sistem. Adanya penurunan pressure drop mengakibatkan konsumsi steam pada kompresor NG menjadi berkurang sehingga didapatkan penghematan energi sebesar 379 kg/jam yang setara dengan 40913 USD/tahun atau 8545 MMBtu/tahun. Untuk menjamin keselamatan dari modifikasi, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap potensi deflagration-detonation dan api menggunakan komponen segitiga api. Berdasarkan parameter keberadaan oksigen, diagram flammability, dan autoignition temperature, modifikasi yang mengoperasikan tangki 010-D03 dalam kondisi kosong, aman dari bahaya terbentuknya api dan ledakan. Dengan demikian, modifikasi penggantian katalis dan pengosongan tangki 010-D03 terkonfirmasi meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan menghemat pemakaian sumber daya alam, sehingga mendorong aplikasi nyata sustainable development di dunia industri.]]>
<![CDATA[Peningkatan kualitas air buangan ke laut dengan metode FLOCOM untuk lapangan offshore produksi minyak dan gas bumi ]]>
<![CDATA[Swandito, Adji]]>;
<![CDATA[Amrullah, Herman]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutrisno]]>;
<![CDATA[Putra, Dendy Andalas]]>;
<![CDATA[Asyifa, Cesaria Riza]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69285
<![CDATA[Air buangan ke laut dalam proses produksi minyak dan gas bumi merupakan hal yang penting dan krusial untuk menjamin kesinambungan proses produksi dan lingkungan. Peningkatan kualitas air buangan ke laut dalam rangka menurunkan jumlah minyak terkandung dalam air buangan dapat dilakukan dengan cara injeksi bahan kimia dalam proses pemisahan minyak dan air. Bahan kimia yang umumnya digunakan adalah reverse demulsifier berbasis flokulan. Namun penggunaan flokulan dalam jumlah banyak dapat menimbulkan permasalahan operasi dengan timbulnya partikel flock yang dapat menyebabkan kebuntuan pada alat operasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi metode inovasi FLOCOM dalam kualitas air buangan ke laut. Penelitian dilakukan di lapangan offshore Attaka yang terdapat permasalahan flock. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode FLOCOM dapat menurunkan kandungan minyak dalam air buangan ke laut dari 20 mg/L menjadi 10 mg/L serta dapat menurunkan konsumsi injeksi bahan kimia pada lapangan offshore Attaka dari 4.6 gallons per thousand barrel oil equivalent menjadi 3.2 gallons per thousand barrel oil equivalent.]]>
<![CDATA[Adsorption study of mango peel activated carbon as iron removal for batik waste industry ]]>
<![CDATA[Nugroho, Agung]]>;
<![CDATA[Amanah, Nur Layli]]>;
<![CDATA[Firdaus, Revo Gilang]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69404
<![CDATA[Mango peel waste which has a carbon functional group was converted to activated carbon. The as-synthesized activated carbon (AC) was then utilized as an adsorbent for batik waste which contains heavy metal substances such as Fe2+. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum process variation in absorbing heavy metal ion Fe contained in batik waste. Four variation methods of activated carbon synthesis were explored to determine the most suitable method of AC synthesis. The results showed that the sample synthesized using a combination physical-chemical-physical process was the best process variation resulting in percentage removal of Fe2+ of 84.81%. FTIR showed that the functional groups in mango peel were visible for all variations of the process, namely hydroxyl (-OH) derived from cellulose and hemicellulose and carboxyl (-COOH) derived from pectin. The adsorption study showed that the most suitable isotherm for all process variations was Langmuir with an R2 value of 0.9999 for the MPAC-4 sample. The adsorption mechanism is physisorption with a value of E < 8 kJ/mol based on the D-R isotherm and has the largest adsorption capacity of Qmax 8.2 mg/g.]]>
<![CDATA[Peruraian anaerobik termofilik palm oil mill effluent dengan variasi konsentrasi substrat ]]>
<![CDATA[Kartika, Roberty Wisnu Alvania]]>;
<![CDATA[Desman, Nadiya Salsabila]]>;
<![CDATA[Prijambada, Irfan D.]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69574
<![CDATA[Tingginya tingkat pengolahan kelapa sawit di Indonesia menghasilkan limbah palm oil mill effluent (POME). Limbah POME memiliki kandungan \textit{chemical oxygen demand} (COD) mencapai 100.000 mg/L yang dapat mencemari ekosistem jika dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa perlakuan yang tepat. Salah satu perlakuan yang digunakan dalam menangani limbah POME adalah peruraian anaerobik termofilik. Keuntungan dari proses ini adalah menghasilkan gas metana yang dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif. Konsentrasi substrat memengaruhi proses peruraian anaerobik. Penelitian pendahuluan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa proses peruraian anaerobik termofilik pada berbagai konsentrasi POME sebagai substrat dengan suhu 55oC. Proses peruraian anaerobik menggunakan konsentrasi substrat 16.000, 11.000, dan 5.000 mg sCOD/L. Inokulum yang digunakan adalah digested cow manure (DCM). Proses peruraian dilakukan menggunakan sistem kontinyu dengan didahului proses aklimatisasi secara batch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi 16.000 dan 11.000 mg sCOD/L menghasilkan lebih banyak gas metana. Namun, yield metana pada konsentrasi 16.000 dan 11.000 mg sCOD /L tidak berbeda signifikan berdasarkan uji Tukey (p=0,05). Konsentrasi POME 5.000 mg sCOD/L menghasilkan gas metana yang lebih rendah dan terjadi penurunan drastis setelah hari ke-85. Hal ini disebabkan penurunan konsumsi sCOD yang diiringi dengan peningkatan kadar volatile fatty acid (VFA) menunjukkan akumulasi asam yang menghambat proses pembentukan gas metana.]]>
<![CDATA[Perbandingan jenis media imobilisasi terhadap kinerja proses peruraian anaerob termofilik palm oil mill effluent ]]>
<![CDATA[Sakka, Deni Frans]]>;
<![CDATA[Millenia, Salsabilla Fitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Prijambada, Irfan Dwidya]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69582
<![CDATA[Palm oil mill effluent (POME) merupakan limbah cair dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi sebagai bahan baku produksi biogas melalui peruraian anaerob. Dalam peruraian anaerob, efek washout selalu menjadi masalah seiring dengan meningkatnya organic loading rate (OLR) pada sistem kontinu. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penambahan media imobilisasi untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis dan pengaturan media imobilisasi terhadap kinerja peruraian anaerob termofilik POME. Dua media imobilisasi yang diuji yaitu media jenis carbon fiber textile (CFT) dan media berupa partikel zeolit alam. Kinerja proses anaerob ditentukan dengan mengukur konsentrasi asam lemak volatil (VFA), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) dan yield metana (CH4). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reaktor dengan media imobilisasi menghasilkan yield CH4 yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan reaktor tanpa media imobilisasi. Yield CH4 reaktor dengan zeolit alam sebesar 0,3487 L/g sCOD, 0,3050 L/g sCOD pada reaktor dengan media CFT dan 0,2873 L/g sCOD pada reaktor tanpa media imobilisasi. Selain itu, hanya zeolit alam yang dapat mempertahankan performa reaktor saat mengalami gangguan peningkatan suhu secara tiba-tiba dengan masa recovery selama 14 hari.]]>
<![CDATA[Teknoekonomi penyingkiran senyawa sulfur dari kondensat gas alam dengan metode desulfurisasi oksidatif-ekstraktif ]]>
<![CDATA[Adhi, Tri Partono]]>;
<![CDATA[Sardenianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Indarto, Antonius]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69864
<![CDATA[Dalam proses produksi minyak dan gas, selain hidrokarbon, dihasilkan pula sejumlah pengotor antara lain CO2 dan sulfur dengan konsentrasi yang bervariasi, tergantung pada kondisi dan karakteristik reservoir serta lokasi dimana minyak dan gas tersebut berada. Untuk proses penghilangan sulfur dari kondensat, teknologi yang umum digunakan adalah HDS (Hydrodesulfurization). Namun dengan kebutuhan proses seperti suhu tinggi, tekanan, dan konsumsi hidrogen yang intensif, diperlukan teknologi alternatif untuk desulfurisasi ini. Salah satunya adalah desulfurisasi oksidatif-ekstraktif. Evaluasi teknis dan ekonomi untuk mengetahui kelayakan penerapan pada skala industri perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Kajian proses desulfurisasi oksidatif-ekstraktif senyawa sulfur (direpresentasikan sebagai dibenzothiophene, DBT) dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2O2/asam format sebagai oksidator dan katalis, serta ekstraksi dengan DMF. Untuk kapasitas 1000 bpd kondensat dengan sulfur 1%-wt, desulfurisasi berhasil dilakukan dengan removal sulfur sebesar 96,55% dan recovery kondensat sebesar 99,41%. Diperlukan biaya pemrosesan sebesar 9,14 USD/barel, dan 84% di antaranya diperlukan untuk bahan kimia. Konfigurasi proses alternatif untuk pemulihan DMF berhasil menurunkan biaya bahan kimia sebesar 35,5% dan menurunkan total biaya pemrosesan sebesar 27,0% menjadi 6,67 USD/barel. Pada konfigurasi proses alternatif ini, penghilangan sulfur mencapai 95,80% dengan perolehan kondensat sebesar 99,21%.]]>
<![CDATA[Mutu dan karakteristik penyalaan briket arang tempurung kelapa dengan aplikasi lapisan arang sengon pada permukaannya ]]>
<![CDATA[Agussalim, A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Khairana, Andi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rajab, Marwan]]>;
<![CDATA[Rezky, Maha]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwiyanti, Ulfa]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.70277
<![CDATA[Briket arang tempurung kelapa memiliki mutu lebih baik dibanding briket dari biomassa lain. Namun di sisi yang lain, briket ini juga memiliki kelemahan pada sifat penyalaan awalnya yang lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mutu dan sifat penyalaan briket arang tempurung kelapa yang diberi lapisan arang sengon pada bagian permukaannya. Bahan penelitian ini adalah tempurung kelapa dan kayu sengon yang diperoleh dari kota Makassar. Tempurung kelapa dan kayu sengon diarangkan terlebih dahulu. Setelah itu, arang tempurung kelapa dan kayu sengon dihaluskan dan dicampur perekat tapioka masing-masing 7% dan 20%. Ada empat rasio perlakuan antara arang tempurung kelapa (TK) dan sengon (S) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni (1) TK/S 100/0, (2) TK/S 90/10, (3) TK/S 80/20, dan TK/S 0/100. Briket yang telah dicetak dikeringkan dan dikondisikan selama dua pekan. Selanjutnya, mutu briket diuji berdasarkan SNI 01-6235-2000, sedangkan sifat penyalaan awal dan kecepatan pembakaran diukur masing-masing dengan menggunakan metode Davies dan Abolude (2013) yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan briket arang tempurung kelapa berlapis, TK/S 90/10 dan 80/20, memiliki mutu tidak berbeda nyata dengan briket arang tempurung kelapa tanpa lapisan. Selain itu, briket arang berlapis juga memiliki sifat penyalaan yang menyamai briket arang sengon. Oleh sebab itu, penerapan arang sengon sebagai lapisan pada briket arang tempurung kelapa dengan rasio TK/S 90/10 mampu memperbaiki sifat penyalaan awal dari briket tanpa mengalami penurunan nilai kalor yang berarti. Secara umum, briket arang yang dibuat memenuhi standar, yakni untuk mutu kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai kalor, kecuali kadar volatil.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of cotton fabrics dyeing process using various natural dye extracts ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahayuningsih, Edia]]>;
<![CDATA[Marfitania, Taranipa]]>;
<![CDATA[Pamungkas, Mukmin Sapto]]>;
<![CDATA[Fatimah, Wachid Siti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.70397
<![CDATA[Efforts to substitute synthetic dyes on fabrics for natural dyes are currently increasing. Research and innovation are extremely needed to support those attempts so that the quality of natural dyes is more competitive than synthetic dyes. This study aims to optimize the dyeing parameters of cotton fabrics using natural dye extracts derived from the barks of Tegeran (Cudrania javanensis), Merbau (Intsia bijuga), Tingi (Ceriops tagal), and Jambal (Peltophorum pterocarpum), as well as Jolawe (Terminalia bellirica) fruit peel. Varied dyeing parameters included dye concentration, dyeing time and temperature, and material to liquor ratio (MLR). The fixative solutions used were alum, lime, and iron (II) sulfate. The optimized parameters were based on the values of color depth and evenness, measured colorimetrically. Furthermore, the obtained results of the dyeing process under optimized conditions were analyzed for color quality by measuring color coordinates as well as the values of color strength (K/S), washing fastness, and light fastness. The results showed that the optimal dyeing conditions for all natural dye extracts used were the code A extract concentrations (0.0113 g/mL of Tegeran; 0.0115 g/mL of Merbau; 0.0204 g/mL of Jambal; and 0.0582 g/mL of Jolawe), dyeing at 28°C, dyeing time of 30 minutes, and the MLR of 1:30. The resulting color variations were brown, gray, and golden yellow for the Tegeran extract with alum fixative. The highest K/S value was 5.56 for the fabric dyed in Tegeran extract with iron (II) sulfate fixative solution. The washing fastness values for Merbau, Tingi, Jambal, and Jolawe were 3-4 (fairly good) to 4-5 (excellent). Meanwhile, the light fastness values for all dyes were between 4 (good) and 5 (excellent). Overall, the standard procedure for cotton fabric dyeing that meets the minimum standards for textile products is obtained.]]>
<![CDATA[Sintesis polivinil alkohol tersulfonasi sebagai katalis dalam produksi metil ester: Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Irawan, Maria Gracella]]>;
<![CDATA[Sugih, Asaf Kleopas]]>;
<![CDATA[Oemar, Usman]]>;
<![CDATA[Atin, Jessica]]>;
<![CDATA[Muljana, Henky]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.70698
<![CDATA[Sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification or transesterification reactions during methyl ester production. This catalyst with PVA support has the potential to be used commercially like Amberlyst 46. However, there are several drawbacks in the conventional methods to produce sulfonated PVA compared to Amberlyst 46. In this paper, various processes of sulfonated PVA synthesis will be discussed including the advantages and disadvantages compared to Amberlyst 46. The synthesis of sulfonated PVA catalysts can be carried out using sulfosuccinate acid reagents or other acid reagents that have sulfonic groups that act as the active sites of the catalysts. The use of sulfosuccinate acid as the reagent produces catalysts with better catalytic activity, but the resulting product is not in granule form like Amberlyst 46 and can only be used continuously for seven times. The use of chlorosulfonic acid as the reagent resulted in granular catalysts. However, the catalyst has less catalytic activity and stability, and the reagent has a relatively high environmental impact. For the synthesis performed using sulfuric acid as the reagent, no result regarding catalytic activity has been reported elsewhere. The blending of the catalyst with other polymers resulted in improvements in the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol. After a careful review of the procedures, we propose blending or double cross-linking processes combined with sulfonated PVA synthesis as a promising method to increase the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the catalysts. However, it is necessary to perform further laboratory validations on the catalytic activity of the catalysts produced from the combined method because blending may reduce the acid capacity of the catalyst.]]>
