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Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring
Published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30476631     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61511/whem.v1i2.2024
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
Aims: WHEM aims to advance the science and practice of waste management and environmental monitoring. The journal is committed to showcasing research that addresses critical issues related to waste handling and the monitoring of environmental quality. By offering a platform for high-impact studies, WHEM seeks to contribute to the development of effective waste management strategies and robust environmental monitoring practices. Focus: The journal centers on research that improves understanding and practices related to waste management and environmental monitoring. It highlights studies that offer innovative solutions for handling various types of waste and for monitoring environmental conditions. The focus is on research that provides practical insights and actionable recommendations for enhancing waste management systems and ensuring accurate environmental assessments. Scope: This journal seeks to publish a broad range of scholarly articles, including: 1.Advanced Waste Management Techniques: Research on innovative methods and technologies for managing different types of waste, including solid, liquid, and hazardous waste, and strategies for reducing waste generation. 2. Waste Treatment and Disposal: Studies on effective treatment and disposal practices, including recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy technologies, as well as their environmental impacts. 3. Environmental Monitoring Methods: Examination of techniques and technologies used to monitor environmental quality, including air, water, and soil monitoring, as well as the development of new monitoring tools and methodologies. 4. Impact Assessment and Management: Analysis of the environmental impacts of waste handling and monitoring activities, including risk assessment, impact mitigation strategies, and sustainability evaluations. 5. Regulations and Policy Development: Research on regulations and policies related to waste management and environmental monitoring, including compliance, enforcement, and the development of effective policies and standards. 6. Case Studies and Best Practices: Exploration of successful case studies and best practices in waste management and environmental monitoring, providing practical insights and lessons learned for improving systems and practices.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Manajemen Limbah dan Disposal
Articles 23 Documents
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Assessing plastic waste management performance: Insights from the waste management performance index Prabawati, Anindita; Frimawaty, Evi
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 1: (February) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i1.2025.1320

Abstract

Background: In 2015, Indonesia was the second-largest contributor to marine debris worldwide, with an estimated 0.48-1.29 million metric tons of marine waste. In Jakarta, the marine waste generation reached 303.6 tons per day. Government programs such as JAKSTRADA and JAKSTRANAS aim to reduce plastic waste by 30% and manage 70% of waste by 2025. These policies promote circular economy-based waste management, but household participation remains low, with only 1.6% contributing to the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle). Methods: This study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches to measure the performance of circular economy-based plastic waste management in Jakarta. The population includes both formal and informal sectors, such as waste banks and waste pickers. Data is analyzed using the Waste Management Performance Index (IKPS) from SIPSN and BPS, comparing plastic waste management achievements with JAKSTRADA targets up to 2025. Findings: In Jakarta, per capita waste generation is 0.7 kg/day, mainly organic and plastic. Despite a decline in collected waste, plastic waste is rising. Management follows Law No. 18/2008 and Presidential Regulation No. 97/2017, involving formal (TPS 3R, waste banks) and informal (collectors, vendors) sectors. The informal sector aids recycling by collecting plastic from inaccessible areas. JAKSTRADA targets waste reduction, handling, and recycling until 2025. The Waste Management Performance Index (IKPS) evaluates policy, effectiveness, and efficiency. Conclusion: Waste management in Central Jakarta is still low with an index of 26% and a recycling rate of 12.6%, despite achieving 99.98% of the collaboration target. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the integration of formal and informal sectors in plastic waste management in Central Jakarta, emphasizing the use of the Waste Management Performance Index (IKPS) to assess policy effectiveness and recycling progress toward JAKSTRADA targets.
Potential of nanotechnology-based nanomaterials and biochar for tofu wastewater filtration: A review on clean water sustainability Imanuel, Dionezra Bagus; Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa; Celesta, Belvannia Levina; Muna, Mochammad Choiril
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 1: (February) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i1.2025.1653

Abstract

Background: Water pollution, driven by industrial activities and population growth, increasingly contaminates water sources, threatening clean water supply. Tofu wastewater, rich in organic pollutants, exacerbates this issue, highlighting the need for sustainable, effective water treatment solutions. Methods: This study uses a literature review method, analyzing journals, articles, and scientific publications to explore nanomaterials and biochar for efficient tofu wastewater treatment and improving water quality in Semarang City. Findings: The filtration system using biochar, CNT, TiO₂, and ZVI significantly reduces contaminants in water, enhancing water quality. Each material contributes uniquely, improving adsorption, photocatalysis, and overall filtration efficiency for heavy metals and organic compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibit high efficiency in environmental remediation, offering cost-effective, sustainable solutions despite challenges like toxicity and mobility. The study demonstrates the potential of nanomaterials like CNTs, ZVI, and TiO2 for enhanced environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment. Their synergistic use improves contaminant removal, offering sustainable solutions with significant efficiency gains. Conclusion: In conclusion, integrating nanotechnology and biochar for tofu wastewater treatment presents a sustainable, scalable solution that advances both environmental remediation and technological innovation, aligning with SDGs and enhancing water quality management efforts. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty lies in combining nanomaterials and biochar for efficient tofu wastewater treatment, enhancing filtration and sustainability in water quality management.
Utilization of used lubricating oil for anfo-emulsion production: A study on blasting activities in the copper mining area Wulandari, Intan Suci
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 1: (February) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i1.2025.1702

Abstract

Background: Copper is crucial for the development of electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies. In Indonesia, PT ABC's open-pit mining operations are expanding, leading to increased waste generation, particularly used lubricating oil, which is contaminated with water and metal particles but has caloric value comparable to diesel. This study explores the potential of using this oil as a diesel substitute in explosives, focusing on economic and environmental benefits. Method: The study used data collection methods to measure the annual volume of waste oil, cost savings from using it as a fuel substitute, and compliance with hazardous waste utilization regulations. The research analyzed the impact of substituting up to 80% of diesel fuel requirements with used lubricating oil. Findings: PT ABC utilizes approximately 2,699,850 liters of used lubricating oil annually. The company achieves a 99.99% compliance rate with hazardous waste permits. Substituting up to 80% of diesel with used oil resulted in an economic gain of IDR 38,885,321,437 in 2023 and diesel procurement savings of IDR 2,473,012,791. These findings highlight the economic and environmental advantages of waste management practices in mining operations. Conclusion: The integration of used lubricating oil as an alternative fuel in mining operations reduces operational costs, enhances environmental sustainability, and aligns with circular economy principles. This approach contributes to sustainable mining practices by transforming waste into reusable resources, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study is original in demonstrating the use of used lubricating oil as a substitute for diesel fuel in mining, showing its potential to reduce costs, improve sustainability, and support circular economy practices in the mining sector.
Optimizing sustainable consumption: Understanding reusable lunch box usage intentions through the theory of planned behavior Jayanthi, Luh De Dwi
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 1: (February) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i1.2025.1790

Abstract

Background: The shift from using single use to reusable lunch boxes presents a challenge for college students. The economic circular framework is now applied not only to industrial processes but also to consumption behavior. This study aims to examine how the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, moral norms, descriptive norms, and self-identity, influences the intention to use reusable lunch boxes. Method: The study involved 110 undergraduate students from a college campus in Denpasar City. Participants completed questionnaires distributed using a snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The study found that perceived behavioral control and self-identity significantly affect the intention to use reusable lunch boxes. The R-square analysis indicated that 31.1% of students' intention to use reusable lunch boxes was influenced by subjective norms, while 26.4% was influenced by self-identity. Conclusion: The study concludes that perceived behavioral control and self-identity play key roles in students' intention to use reusable lunch boxes. Future research should focus on making reusable lunch boxes more convenient and integrating them into a system that encourages behavior change on college campuses. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand college students' intentions to adopt reusable lunch boxes, offering valuable insights for promoting sustainable consumption behavior in a campus setting.
Integrated EM4-based anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment for sustainable tofu industry effluent management Marsyea, Rihlah Fahiranti; Oktiawan, Wiharyanto; Djaeni, Moh.
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 1: (February) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i1.2025.1851

Abstract

Background: The Tahu Sehat Sari industrial area in Cokro Village is one of the largest tofu manufacturers, processing 3 tons of soybeans daily with 88 employees. However, wastewater quality tests reveal that the effluent exceeds regulatory limits set by Central Java Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2012, with BOD at 422.5 mg/L, COD at 845 mg/L, and TSS at 1940 mg/L. Effective wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental standards and minimize pollution. Methods: This study evaluates wastewater treatment alternatives, including Anaerobic Digester, Anaerobic Biofilter, and Aerobic Biofilter, with the addition of Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4) to enhance organic waste degradation. Wastewater samples were tested for COD, BOD, and TSS levels before and after treatment to assess removal efficiency. Findings: The implementation of EM4 significantly improved wastewater quality, achieving an 86% reduction in COD with a 0.3% EM4 concentration in aerobic treatment. EM4’s fermentation bacteria effectively minimized organic contaminants. The selected treatment methods—Anaerobic Digester, Anaerobic Biofilter, and Aerobic Biofilter—proved suitable for treating tofu wastewater, with final effluent concentrations of COD at 2.4 mg/L, BOD at 0.3 mg/L, and TSS at 35 mg/L, meeting regulatory standards. The estimated cost for the construction of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is IDR 1,177,378,400, with monthly operation and maintenance expenses of IDR 6,110,297. Conclusion: The study confirms that an integrated wastewater treatment system using anaerobic and aerobic biofilters combined with EM4 is effective in reducing organic waste contamination in tofu industry effluent. Further assessment of land use and distribution systems is recommended to optimize wastewater management. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes to sustainable wastewater treatment in tofu production by integrating EM4 technology with anaerobic and aerobic filtration, achieving high pollutant removal efficiency. The study also provides a financial analysis of WWTP implementation, highlighting its feasibility for similar small and medium enterprises.
Comparison of combustion emissions between manual and machine set methods to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) in briquette manufacturing Firdaus, Ega Nugraha; Wulandari, Ayu; Marreta, Silvia Fauzia; Nasution, Farah Aqila Mahfudzah
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i2.2025.2254

Abstract

Background: Renewable energy from biomass is one solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of carbon emissions. One form of renewable energy from biomass is briquettes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using modern technology in the form of a briquette production machine set consisting of a grinder, extruder, and burner integrated with a wet scrubber innovation to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from rice husk combustion in the burner machine compared to the manual method. Methods: The research process was carried out through the stages of needs identification, CAD (Computer Aided Design)-based machine design, prototype production, and briquette performance testing using a Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) analyzer. Findings: The test results showed that briquettes produced using the manual method had a higher density of 0.8 g/cm³ and produced an average CO emission of 220 ppm. These findings prove that mechanizing the process improves the physical quality of the briquettes while reducing CO emissions by around 39%. The integration of wet scrubber technology proved to be effective in absorbing additional exhaust gases and strengthening the environmentally friendly aspects of the combustion process. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that the use of integrated machinery not only improves briquette quality and energy efficiency, but also makes a significant contribution to carbon emission control efforts at the local level. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis comparing manual and mechanized methods using burner machines with integrated wet scrubbers in the context of rice husk briquette production.
Development of AMPIBI: A solar-powered smart waste monitoring and sorting system with cloud integration for environmental preservation and energy conservation Khairani, Shafina Moktika; Mazaya, Kayta Rechia; Saqib, Tengku Naufal
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i2.2025.2348

Abstract

Background: Waste management in campus areas remains a significant issue, with trash bins often overflowing due to irregular monitoring and limited awareness among users. This problem is exacerbated by inefficient and energy-consuming traditional waste collection methods, alongside a common failure among students to properly separate waste at the source. The accumulation of unsorted waste not only degrades the campus environment but also represents a missed opportunity for effective recycling and resource recovery.  Existing smart bin solutions often focus on a single aspect, such as capacity monitoring or basic sorting, but rarely integrate a comprehensive, energy-independent system tailored for developing-world contexts. To address this multifaceted challenge, a new generation of smart and automated waste management systems is needed. This study introduces a novel solution designed to tackle these issues simultaneously. Methods: This study developed the Automatic Monitoring and Sorting Waste Bin (AMPIBI), an Internet of Things (IoT)-based device designed to automatically sort waste by category and monitor bin capacity in real time. The system integrates cloud-based applications, solar power, and multiple sensors, including moisture, metal, and ultrasonic sensors. The research followed a Research and Development (R&D) approach consisting of problem analysis, design, prototyping, and performance testing. Findings: Experimental results demonstrated that AMPIBI successfully classified waste into three categories: organic, non-metallic inorganic, and metal with an accuracy of 96.67%. The moisture sensor effectively distinguished organic from inorganic waste, the inductive sensor identified metals, and the ultrasonic sensor measured bin capacity. The monitoring system displayed real-time waste status via a cloud platform accessible through mobile devices. Conclusion: AMPIBI improves campus waste management by promoting proper waste disposal, reducing the need for manual intervention, and supporting environmentally friendly practices. Powered by solar energy, the system proved efficient and sustainable, making it a viable solution for cleaner and more energy-conserving campus environments. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the integration of IoT technology, automated waste sorting, and renewable energy into a single system tailored for campus waste management. Unlike conventional bins, AMPIBI provides real-time monitoring, accurate waste classification, and independent solar-powered operation, offering an innovative model for sustainable waste management.
Smart waste bin design with automatic waste sorting system, ergonomic, functional, aesthetic, and IoT-based integrated point system Noor, Zulfahmi; Jumatiah; Nurhaliza, Haura; Umam, Aqila Khoirul
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 3 No. 1: (February) 2026
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v3i1.2026.2732

Abstract

Background: Creating trash bins that are comfortable to use and attractive, integrated, and capable of automatic waste separation is the answer to the waste problem that has become a major issue in Indonesia and even the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze and design smart and ergonomic trash bins. Methods: This study in Tanjung Redeb, Berau Regency, surveyed 184 trash bin users. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature review, validated with SPSS, and processed using the QFD method to design an integrated, user-friendly trash bin. Findings: The results obtained based on the interpretation of user requirement data show that users of trash bins want materials that are easy to clean with an improvement ratio of 1.25, have usage instructions with an improvement ratio of 1.0, are comfortable to use and practical with an improvement ratio of 1.0, have audio information with an improvement ratio of 1.0, use renewable and environmentally friendly energy with an improvement ratio of 1.25, flexible and lightweight with an improvement ratio of 1.0, discarded waste can be converted into points with an improvement ratio of 1.25, waste can be separated automatically with an improvement ratio of 1.0, integrated with waste management personnel (who know the volume of waste in real time with an improvement ratio of 1.0), and attractive trash bins ratio of 1.34. after collecting and reprocessing the data, the results show that smart trash bins are ergonomically designed, integrated with personnel and sorting systems to meet user satisfaction. Conclusion: Therefore, an ergonomic design for smart waste bins is needed based on the needs of waste bin users in Berau Regency. Unlike previous researchers who generally focused only on technological aspects and automatic selection. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this research is also demonstrated through the development of a design that not only emphasizes technical functions but also aesthetic aspects, environmental sustainability, and increased community participation in sustainable waste management.
Innovation of a modular microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) reactor based on coconut shell biochar with IoT monitoring system integration for the conversion of non-B3 plastic into alternative bio-fuels Ahmadiansyah, Noufal Aufarisyi; Gracia, Gabby Ester; Supriyono
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i2.2025.2770

Abstract

Background: Indonesia produces more than 12.3 million tons of plastic waste each year, but only a mere 14% is recycled, leading to serious environmental concerns. On a global scale, solid waste totals 2.3 billion tons annually, with merely 61% being properly managed. This situation underscores the pressing demand for sustainable and effective technologies for handling plastic waste. Traditional pyrolysis is widely utilized but struggles with high energy requirements, needing temperatures between 700-900 °C, inconsistent heat distribution, and overall low efficiency in the process. Methods: This research introduces a Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) reactor that utilizes KOH-activated coconut shell biochar as a microwave absorber. It achieves a surface area greater than 800 m²/g, enabling effective absorption of 2.45 GHz microwaves. Non-toxic plastics like HDPE and PP are subjected to pre-treatment before undergoing MAP processing at temperatures of 450-600 °C for a duration of 10 minutes. An Internet of Things (IoT) system facilitates real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, and flow rate to maintain precise control throughout the process. Findings: Results from experiments and a review of existing literature indicate that MAP is capable of transforming plastics into 70% bio-oil, 10% syngas, and 20% biochar, with energy consumption only at 0.8-1.2 kWh/kg—30-40% less than what traditional pyrolysis requires. The activation energy for coconut shell biochar drops significantly to 24.5 kJ/mol, compared to 84.2 kJ/mol found in conventional systems, showing better efficiency in volumetric heating. MAP has the potential to cut down plastic pollution by as much as 65% while generating bio-oil as an alternative fuel source, aiding the implementation of a circular economy and supporting Sustainable Development Goals 9, 12, and 13. Conclusion: MAP demonstrates a highly energy-efficient and scalable alternative for plastic waste valorization, reducing environmental pollution while generating useful byproducts and supporting sustainable development objectives. Novelty/Originality of this article: The research stands out by integrating KOH-activated coconut shell biochar with IoT-enabled real-time monitoring and an energy-efficient MAP method, providing a sustainable approach for recovering value from plastic waste beyond traditional pyrolysis.
The effectiveness of waste management policy governance in Indonesia: Between national targets and local achievements Firdausy, Balqis Mira
Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/whem.v2i2.2025.3124

Abstract

Background: The problem of waste management in Indonesia is still a serious challenge in realizing sustainable development. Although the government has set the Indonesia Clean Waste 2025 target target through Presidential Regulation No. 97 of 2017 concerning the National Policy and Strategy on Household and Similar Household Waste Management (Jakstranas), the implementation achievements at the regional level have not shown optimal results. Methods: This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach with content and interpretive analysis of secondary data from policy documents, performance reports, and academic publications for the 2019–2024 period. The analytical framework integrates the policy implementation effectiveness model of George C. Edwards III (1980) and the Collaborative Governance model of Ansell and Gash (2007). Findings: The results of the analysis show that the effectiveness of the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia is still low to moderate. The main obstacles include non-participatory policy communication, limited regional resources and funding, weak inter-agency coordination, and low participation of the community and the private sector. However, some areas, such as Surabaya and Bekasi, have shown relatively successful collaborative practices in encouraging public participation and local innovation. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia cannot be said to be effective, either in achieving national targets or in their implementation at the local level. Facilitative leadership, inclusive institutional design, and transparent policy communication are needed so that national and equitable targets can be implemented at the local level. Another thing is that the governance of waste management policies is highly dependent on the power of multi-level collaboration between the central government, local governments, the private sector, and the community. Novelty/originality of this article: This article offers the integration of two governance models—Edwards III and Ansell & Gash—in analyzing the effectiveness of environmental policy implementation in Indonesia and providing practical lessons from Singapore's experience to strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration in waste management.

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