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Jurnal Teologi Rai
Published by Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Rajawali Arastamar Indonesia Batam
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30468167     DOI : https://doi.org/10.63276/jurnalrai
Core Subject : Religion,
Religion
RAI Journal of Theology (published by Rajawali Arastamar Indonesia Theological Seminary) is an academic platform that presents in-depth and scientific studies of theology, biblical exegesis, historical theology and missions. This journal aims to provide in-depth analysis, critical interpretation, and a better understanding of those areas. With a credible scientific approach and methodology, this journal is a place for scholars, theologians, historians, biblical experts, and researchers who are interested in understanding contemporary issues of the Christian faith, church history, missions, and biblical exegesis
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 48 Documents
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FILSAFAT DAN TEOLOGI:: MENEMUKAN PERSENYAWAAN EPISTEMOLOGI MELALUI GAGASAN FILSAFAT KEILAHIAN Djaga, Chrisnasius; Labaka, Albri
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi Desember
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v2i3.127

Abstract

Philosophy and theology are two disciplines that share a close historical and conceptual relationship, despite employing different approaches to understanding truth and knowledge. This study aims to examine the epistemological dualism between philosophy and theology to identify a convergence point, referred to as divine philosophy. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature-based approach, focusing on a conceptual analysis of the relationship between philosophy and theology from an epistemological perspective. The findings indicate that philosophy and theology often exist in epistemological tension. From an epistemological standpoint, the study emphasizes the integration of reason and faith as two complementary sources of knowledge: reason interprets revelation and empirical experience logically. In contrast, faith provides certainty and moral orientation toward divine truth. Divine philosophy emerges as a point of convergence that bridges rational and transcendental dimensions, proving relevant for critical and reflective theological education. Moreover, philosophy and theology mutually reinforce each other in shaping Christian values: philosophy offers a rational foundation for faith, whereas theology provides spiritual guidance that directs moral and existential action. This approach enables the development of a holistic, rational, reflective, and transformative faith, while also facilitating academic dialogue between contemporary philosophical and theological traditions. 
PENILAIAN ROHANI DAN EPISTEMOLOGI PNEUMATIKOI (1KOR. 2:15) Nggadas, Deky Hidnas Yan
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi Desember
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v2i3.133

Abstract

Previous studies on the theme of wisdom in 1 Corinthians 1:17–2:16 have tended to focus on elaborating on its background in the Greco-Roman world. However, in the most recent study published by Christian Cordona, the theme of wisdom is discussed in relation to Paul's epistemology. Unfortunately, this important study does not provide a specific review of the epistemological elements implied by 1 Corinthians 2:15. Therefore, this study aims to see the concept of the spiritual man not referring to a spiritual elite group within the congregation, but encompassing the entire community of believers living under the guidance of the Spirit of God. And this study uses an exegetical approach. The author argues that the idea of spiritual judgment and Paul's epistemology can be built specifically, without ignoring the entire context, based on 1 Corinthians 2:15. From this text we can discuss four aspects of Paul's epistemology, namely: (a) the source or basis of knowledge; (b) the nature of knowledge; (c) the medium or means or method of knowledge; and (d) the scope of knowledge. The author summarizes these epistemological elements with the term pneumatikoi epistemology.
IMAN DI ERA MEDIA DIGITAL:: KRITIK PAUS FRANSISKUS TERHADAP CULTURE OF INDIFFERENCE DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI PUBLIK Lawa, Felix
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.122

Abstract

This article aims to highlight Pope Francis’ critical view on the phenomenon of digitalization and the emergence of the culture of indifference, reading it within the framework of public theology. While previous studies have widely examined digital culture and papal teachings separately, there remains a gap in integrating Pope Francis’ social critique of digitalization within a coherent public theological perspective. This study argues that Christian faith does not merely operate in the private realm but also manifests in digital spaces as a prophetic and practical force that humanizes. The research is grounded in the reality that digital technological development presents a dual face: it opens vast opportunities for global communication, yet also fosters apathy, individualism, and the erosion of solidarity. Pope Francis considers this phenomenon not only a social issue but also a moral and theological crisis, as it undermines human dignity and weakens the bonds of love within society. Using a library research method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study offers a reinterpretative reading of Pope Francis’ thought within the horizon of public theology. The findings show that Pope Francis’ critique has four main characteristics: it is prophetic in unveiling social sins rooted in the culture of indifference; practical in proposing a culture of encounter as an alternative path; ecclesial in encouraging the Church’s active presence in digital spaces; and dialogical in opening engagement with technological developments to remain humane. This article contributes to the development of public theology by articulating a systematic synthesis between papal social teaching and digital culture, positioning digital space as a locus theologicus for contemporary Christian witness.
KASIH KARUNIA SEBAGAI DASAR ETIKA KEHIDUPAN KRISTEN DALAM PANDANGAN JOHN CALVIN Ponggohong, Jendy Megumi; Gosal, Riedel Christian
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.125

Abstract

This article examines John Calvin's thought on grace (gratia Dei) as the foundational principle of ethics in Christian life. According to Calvin, fallen humans are inherently incapable of performing truly good actions without the intervention of God’s grace; thus, all genuine moral acts arise from hearts renewed by the Holy Spirit. The study was conducted in three main stages. First, conceptual observation of modern moral phenomena, highlighting the tendency of humans to place themselves at the center of morality, apart from God’s authority, resulting in ethical relativism. Second, a literature review covering both classical and contemporary works, including Calvin’s writings, as well as research from the past five years on the relationship between grace and Christian ethics. Third, a descriptive-theological analysis of the collected data to interpret and integrate Calvin’s perspective on grace and ethics. The findings indicate that Christian ethics, according to Calvin, does not exist independently as a moral system but is the fruit of God’s grace, guiding believers to live holy, responsible lives that reflect Christ in all aspects of personal, social, and church community life. This article emphasizes the continued relevance of Calvin’s teaching for the contemporary church, especially in confronting moral challenges, ethical relativism, and modern cultural pressures that often prioritize human autonomy.
EKSPLORASI REFLEKTIF TEOLOGIS ATAS PERAN INJIL DALAM PROSES PERTUMBUHAN ROHANI BERDASARKAN KOLOSE 1:23 Yuliantono Adi, Didit; Purwonugroho, Daniel Pesah
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.130

Abstract

This paper reflects theologically on the role of the gospel in spiritual growth based on Colossians 1:23. The gospel is the message that affirms God's work of salvation through Jesus Christ. The gospel details the life and person of Jesus Christ to bring salvation to all believers. Colossians 1:23 is a key text that crucially describes the perseverance of faith rooted in the Gospel. Colossians 1:23 affirms the superiority of Christ, which strengthens believers to continue to base their lives on the Gospel. Colossians 1:23 also emphasises the importance of perseverance in faith based on the Gospel as its core. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the author attempts to explore the theological reflection of Colossians 1:23 on the role of the Gospel in the spiritual growth process of the congregation. The author asserts that the theological reflection of Colossians 1:23 emphasises the significant role of the Gospel in the spiritual growth process of the congregation. This paper offers a reflective-theological approach based on Colossians 1:23 to shape an understanding of the spiritual growth of the congregation based on the Gospel.
BAHASA BAPTISAN DAN DOKTRIN TRITUNGGAL:: ANALISIS TEOLOGIS-NORMATIF ATAS MATIUS 28:19 Yonathan, Rano
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.134

Abstract

Baptism is an essential liturgical practice in the life of the Christian church that functions not merely as a ritual but also conveys theological meaning as an expression of the church’s confession of faith. In contemporary practice, the use of the phrase “God in each of the persons of the Triune God” in baptism raises theological concerns, particularly regarding its conformity to the witness of Scripture and the doctrine of the Trinity. Therefore, examining baptismal language is necessary to ensure that such practice remains consistent with the foundations of the Christian faith. This study aims to examine the theological meaning of baptismal language in light of the doctrine of the Trinity and to evaluate its implications for the church’s liturgical practice. The research employs a qualitative approach with a normative-theological method through literature study of relevant biblical and systematic theological sources, with particular emphasis on the Gospel of Matthew 28:19 as the biblical foundation of the baptismal formula. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative approach, which positions baptismal language as a locus theologicus that connects scriptural witness, Trinitarian doctrinal reflection, and the evaluation of liturgical praxis within a coherent normative-theological framework. The findings demonstrate that the baptismal mandate in Matthew 28:19 affirms the one name of God revealed in the relational identity of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. However, the expression “God in each person” may lead to theological ambiguity if it is not understood within the unity of the Triune God. Therefore, baptismal language must be formulated carefully in a theological and conceptual manner in order to remain faithful to Trinitarian doctrine and to properly shape the theological understanding of the congregation.
EROSI IMAGO DEI DAN MANDAT BUDAYA:: BENCANA HIDROMETEOROLOGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI KONSEKUENSI KEGAGALAN ETIKA KITAB KEJADIAN Kuswientoro, Oktafian
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.144

Abstract

This research is motivated by the fact that more than 98% of natural disasters that occur in Indonesia are dominated by hydrometeorology (floods, landslides, and forest and land fires) caused by human factors. This natural environmental crisis is seen as a manifestation of theological erosion or the failure of humanity to live the Image of God (Imago Dei) responsibly. Using the Contextual Hermeneutics method, this study interprets the meaning of Kābaš (conquer) and Rādâ (power) from Genesis 1:28 with the meanings of Abad (to serve) and Shamar (guardian) from Genesis 2:15. This study aims to analyze the ethical relationship of cultural mandates with environmental crises and to offer an update of environmental theology with a focal point of Imago Dei restoration. The novelty of this study is that it directly links hydrometeorological disasters with the failure of biblical ethical praxis. Previous research has mainly tended to the ontological dimension of humans. The results of the study show that the hydrometeorological disaster in Indonesia is an ethical consequence of man’s theological fall into sin, namely greed and selfish anthropocentrism. The solution of this study emphasizes the need to renew the cultural mandate in order to balance Kābaš (conquer) with Abad (to serve) and Shamar (guardian). The church in the modern era today is expected to carry out its prophetic responsibilities through ecopedagogy and fight for ecological and social justice to protect vulnerable groups affected by disasters
INTEGRASI TERBATAS TEOLOGI DAN PSIKOLOGI:: ANALISIS FUNGSIONAL DAN ONTOLOGIS DALAM WACANA KONSELING PASTORAL Belay, Yosep
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi April
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v3i1.146

Abstract

The discourse on the integration of theology and psychology in the context of pastoral counseling remains a contentious issue within the evangelical tradition. Some theologians and pastoral practitioners endorse an integrative approach with adjustments to certain components, while others reject such integration efforts due to concerns about potential distortions of Christian faith, morality, and worldview. This article is situated within the framework of integrative thought, with several theoretical considerations that the author assumes may be beneficial for pastoral ministry, particularly in the field of counseling. The nature of this research draws on theoretical discourse grounded in grounded theory, thus employing conceptual and integrative analysis through a literature review. The research data draws on primary and secondary references from academically representative experts. While the results of this study indicate that efforts toward an integrative approach between theology and psychology remain open for exploration, they are currently limited to comparative studies regarding the use of information, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic methods in psychology that align with a biblical approach for the application of pastoral counseling. However, certain fundamental aspects—such as worldview, philosophy, and methods within the realm of modern psychology—cannot be integrated

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