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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 268 Documents
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A Cross-Sectional Study on the Use of Analgesic Medications among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Basra City – Iraq Jasim, Utoor Talib; Fatma Ali; Amira Nasser
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.226

Abstract

Analgesics are widely used to relieve pain during pregnancy; however, their safety remains a concern due to potential maternal and fetal risks. In Basra, Iraq, pregnant women frequently use analgesics such as paracetamol and NSAIDs, yet limited data exist regarding their prevalence, types, and associated factors in this population. Despite global studies on medication safety, there is insufficient evidence on the patterns of analgesic use among Iraqi pregnant women and their knowledge regarding associated risks. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and influencing factors of analgesic use among pregnant women attending Maternal and Child Health units, and to assess the association between analgesic use and demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study of 200 pregnant women revealed that 60% reported using analgesics during pregnancy. Paracetamol was the most frequently used (46%), primarily for symptoms of the common cold (27%). While 41% of women believed analgesics were safe, 32% perceived potential risks, and 23% demonstrated limited awareness. The majority obtained information from drug leaflets (45%). No significant associations were found between analgesic use and demographic variables (p > 0.05). This study provides the first structured evaluation of analgesic use among pregnant women in Basra, highlighting gaps in knowledge and perceptions of drug safety. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs and strengthened counseling by healthcare providers to promote safe and rational analgesic use during pregnancy. Highlights: 60% of pregnant women reported using analgesics during pregnancy. Paracetamol was the most frequently used analgesic, mainly for common cold symptoms. Knowledge about safe use of analgesics during pregnancy was generally poor, with drug leaflets being the main information source.
Triglyceride and Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Smokers and Non-Smokers: Tingkat Trigliserida dan Gula Darah pada Penderita Diabetes yang Merokok dan yang Tidak Merokok Riantika, Mayang; Aliviameita, Andika
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.227

Abstract

General background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which often worsens with unhealthy lifestyle habits. Specific background: Smoking introduces toxic substances such as nicotine that can alter lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose regulation, thereby potentially aggravating complications in diabetic patients. Knowledge gap: While dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes are well documented, evidence on the comparative differences between smokers and non-smokers with diabetes remains limited. Aim: This study investigated the differences in triglyceride and blood glucose levels among diabetic patients who smoke and those who do not. Results: An experimental design was conducted at Anna Medika Hospital Madura with 30 participants (15 smokers and 15 non-smokers with diabetes). The Mann Whitney test showed significant differences in triglyceride levels (p=0.000) and blood glucose levels (p=0.049) between the two groups, with smokers displaying higher values. Novelty: This study highlights nicotine’s role in exacerbating lipid and glucose dysregulation in diabetes within an Indonesian hospital setting. Implications: Findings emphasize the importance of targeted lifestyle interventions and smoking cessation programs in managing metabolic control among diabetic patients. Highlights: Smokers with diabetes had higher triglyceride and glucose levels. Nicotine worsens insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle modification is crucial for better diabetes management. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking, Triglycerides, Blood Glucose, Lifestyle
The Efficacy of Cephalosporin Antibiotics Against Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)-Causing Bacteria Saleh, Ali Y.A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.229

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with over 150 million cases annually, causing significant health and economic burdens. Cephalosporins, a class of β-lactam antibiotics, are widely prescribed for UTIs due to their broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity; however, increasing resistance limits their effectiveness. Despite their extensive use, little is known about the prevalence of resistance mechanisms such as biofilm formation and β-lactamase production in UTI pathogens against different generations of cephalosporins in Baghdad. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 14 cephalosporin antibiotics against UTI-causing bacteria, with particular focus on resistance rates, biofilm formation, and β-lactamase enzyme production. From 140 bacterial isolates, Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (82.14%), with infections occurring more frequently in females (84.95%). Resistance to cephalosporins was high (68.5%), particularly against second-generation cefuroxime (97.8%), whereas cefepime, a fourth-generation antibiotic, showed the highest sensitivity (30%). Biofilm production was detected in 62.2% of isolates, while β-lactamase production was observed in 63.5%, both contributing to multidrug resistance. This research provides the first comprehensive evaluation of cephalosporin efficacy against UTI pathogens in Baghdad, combining antimicrobial susceptibility testing with virulence factor analysis. The findings highlight the urgent need for continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance, rational prescription practices, and consideration of advanced-generation cephalosporins or alternative therapies to manage UTIs effectively. Highlights: Escherichia coli accounted for 82.14% of UTI cases, with infections significantly higher in females (84.95%) than males. Bacterial isolates showed a high resistance rate of 68.5% to cephalosporin antibiotics, with the highest resistance to cefuroxime (97.8%). Virulence factors were prominent, with 62.2% of isolates forming biofilms and 63.5% producing β-lactamase enzymes.
Assessment Nurses role in Reducing Hospital Stay of Patients with Respiratory Diseases in some Basrah Teaching Hospitals Alsaad, Anmar Jabbar; Ali Suanid Alethar; Maher Abdul Ameer Atiyah
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.230

Abstract

Prolonged hospital stay is a major concern in healthcare systems, as it increases the risk of hospital-acquired infections, elevates treatment costs, and reduces bed availability. Nurses play a central role in patient care, and their interventions can significantly influence recovery outcomes and hospitalization duration. In surgical wards, particularly among patients undergoing abdominal surgeries, the quality of nursing care and adherence to postoperative protocols are essential determinants of hospital stay length. While the impact of medical and surgical interventions has been widely studied, limited research has evaluated the direct role of nurses in reducing hospital stay through evidence-based practices. This study aimed to assess the role of nurses in reducing the length of hospital stay among patients undergoing abdominal surgery at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Teaching Hospital. A cross-sectional study of 60 nurses revealed that 68.3% demonstrated good knowledge and practice in postoperative care, including infection prevention, pain management, wound care, and patient education. The study confirmed a positive relationship between effective nursing interventions and reduced hospital stay. Unlike previous studies focusing on physician-led interventions, this research highlights nursing contributions as a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous nursing education, protocol adherence, and supportive hospital policies to enhance recovery rates, reduce complications, and minimize hospitalization duration. Highlights: Nurses play a vital role in reducing hospital stay duration for patients with hematological malignancies. Effective nursing care enhances treatment adherence and improves overall patient outcomes. Strengthening nurses’ skills and involvement in care can significantly optimize hospitalization periods.
Smoking Among Dental Students Abdulwahhab, Nagwan Ali; Rayan Waseem Waleed; Aya Hamid Mahdi; Jehan Yawez Al-Demirchi; Zahraa Ahmed Abdulwahid
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.231

Abstract

Tobacco use remains one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing to millions of deaths annually. Dental students, as future healthcare providers, play a crucial role in tobacco prevention and cessation; however, high smoking prevalence among them raises concern about their readiness to serve as health advocates. Despite global research, little is known about the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of smoking among dental students in Iraq, particularly regarding their knowledge and attitudes toward cessation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate dental students’ knowledge and attitudes toward smoking and cessation. A cross-sectional survey of 250 students revealed a smoking prevalence of 37%, with a significant gender disparity (36% among males vs. 1% among females). Cigarettes (66%) and shisha (62%) were the most commonly used tobacco products. Stress (55%) and enjoyment (55%) were the leading reasons for smoking initiation, followed by addiction (28%) and peer pressure (14%). No significant reduction in smoking rates was observed with increasing age or academic level. Two-thirds of students reported that the dental curriculum inadequately addressed smoking cessation. This is among the first studies to systematically assess smoking behavior and cessation knowledge among Iraqi dental students, highlighting gaps in education. The findings emphasize the urgent need to integrate comprehensive tobacco education and cessation training into dental curricula to empower students as effective public health advocates. Highlights: Smoking prevalence among dental students reached 37%, with a stark gender difference (36% males vs. 1% females). Cigarettes (66%) and shisha (62%) were the most commonly used tobacco products. Stress and enjoyment were the main reasons for smoking initiation (55% each), while two-thirds of students felt their curriculum lacked adequate smoking cessation education.
Analyzing the Reports of Chemical Poisoning and Pharmacological Toxicity in Cases Presented to the Poison Centre in Basra City, Iraq Al-Rawaq, Ali M.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.232

Abstract

Poisoning remains a major global public health concern, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries where access to toxic agents is common. In Iraq, especially in Basra, cases of acute poisoning are frequent, yet epidemiological data remain limited, hampering effective prevention and management strategies. Despite regional studies, there is insufficient systematic analysis of poisoning trends, types of agents, and demographic risk factors in Basra over recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, types, and outcomes of chemical and pharmaceutical poisoning cases reported to the Basra Poison Control Centre over a three-year period (2020–2022). A total of 244 cases were analyzed, with nearly half occurring in children under seven years old, indicating their high vulnerability. Males predominated in 2020 and 2021, while females were more frequently affected in 2022. Drugs were the leading cause of poisoning (171 cases), particularly benzodiazepines (18–29.5%) and paracetamol (15–18.5%). Pesticides, especially organophosphorus compounds and zinc phosphide, were the most common non-pharmaceutical agents in 2020 and 2021, whereas sulfur dioxide gas accounted for 30% of chemical cases in 2022. This is the first comprehensive epidemiological study documenting temporal and demographic variations in poisoning cases in Basra, integrating both pharmaceutical and chemical exposures. The findings highlight the urgent need for stricter drug dispensing regulations, enhanced public awareness, and improved poison control strategies, including antidote availability and healthcare worker training, to reduce the burden of poisoning. Highlights: A total of 244 poisoning cases were reported between 2020–2022, with nearly half involving children under seven years old. Pharmaceuticals, especially benzodiazepines and paracetamol, were the leading causes of poisoning across all years. Pesticides and sulfur dioxide gas were the most common non-pharmaceutical agents, highlighting the need for stricter regulation and preventive strategies.
Molecular Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Renal Failure Patients Using RT-Qpcr Issa, Wafaa Abdulkadhim; Wijdan Abbas Eneama; Salah Naser
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.233

Abstract

Abstract. This study aimed to detect Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with renal failure using RT-qPCR. A total of 100 blood and serum samples were collected from July to September 2023 from individuals aged 1 to 80 years. The RT-qPCR technique revealed 79 positive cases of CMV infection. The study population was divided into five age groups, with the 51–67 age group showing the highest infection rate (29.11%). Infections were more common in females (41 cases) than in males (38 cases). The use of real-time PCR demonstrated a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for CMV, especially among immunocompromised patients. These findings suggest a significant association between CMV infection and renal failure, emphasizing the need for molecular testing in clinical diagnostics. The study provides valuable epidemiological insight and supports the implementation of RT-qPCR for detecting CMV in Iraqi healthcare settings. Highlights: RT-qPCR detected CMV infection in 79% of renal failure patients, confirming its high prevalence. Older adults (51–67 years) showed the highest infection rate, with females slightly more affected than males. RT-qPCR proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic tool for CMV detection in immunocompromised patients.
The Impact of Syncope On Hip Fracture Incidence Among the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study Wijdan Abbas Eneama; Issa, Wafaa Abdulkadhim; Salah Naser
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.234

Abstract

Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness resulting from a temporary reduction in cerebral blood flow, followed by spontaneous recovery. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of syncope episodes among elderly individuals presenting with hip fractures. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients aged 45 years and above, from October to December 2024. The results indicated that 16% of patients who experienced syncope had sustained hip fractures, which is significantly higher than the estimated 10–12% hip fracture rate in the general elderly population according to recent global data [1]. Notably, 70% of mild fractures were associated with brief syncope episodes lasting less than one minute, implying partial retention of protective reflexes during the fall. The overall fracture rate among syncope patients reached 36%, comprising 16% hip fractures and 20% other types (e.g., wrist, ankle). Middle-aged females (aged 45–50 years) with comorbidities such as balance disorders, hypertension, or diabetes emerged as a particularly vulnerable group. These individuals should be prioritized in fall-prevention interventions to mitigate injury risks associated with syncope. Highlights: Hip fractures occurred in 16% of elderly syncope patients, higher than global estimates for the general elderly population. Syncope lasting more than 2 minutes, absence of warning signs, and recurrent episodes were strongly linked to severe fractures. Middle-aged women with comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, balance disorders) were identified as the most vulnerable group.
Study of The Efficiency of Using Pseudomonas Spp in Wastewater Treatment Abdul Amir, Abbas Hussein
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.235

Abstract

The search for easy and effective wastewater treatment options is essential in light of the worsening water pollution problem with increasing population and industrialization. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria from sewage-contaminated water and evaluation of its efficiency in removing these pollutants. The capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to remove chemical contaminants and heavy metals under several environmental conditions was examined after they were isolated from polluted wastewater and genetically characterized. Advanced genetic testing and regular water analyses were used to assess their effectiveness. The performance of several drinking water treatment plants was also measured in terms of nitrate removal, with varying results depending on the substrates tested. removal were more than The pollutant removal exceeded 87% for nickel, which was the highest, while it was 30% for nitrate, which was the lowest. These results indicate the potential use of this bacteria as a potential environmentally friendly wastewater treatment organism, and its effectiveness could be significantly improved with simple modifications to treatment conditions. Highlights: Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectively removed up to 70% of organic pollutants (COD) and over 60% of nitrogen compounds from wastewater. The bacteria showed high heavy metal removal efficiency, with 87.2% for nickel and 77.5% for zinc. Nitrate removal was the lowest (30.3%), highlighting the need for optimized treatment conditions to improve efficiency.
Evaluating Thyroid Function in Obese Adults in Dhi Qar, Iraq Dakhil, Kareema A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.236

Abstract

Obesity is a global public health challenge with profound endocrine and metabolic implications, particularly affecting the thyroid axis, which regulates basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure. Emerging evidence suggests that obese individuals may exhibit altered thyroid function even in the absence of overt thyroid disease. Despite existing studies, limited data are available from Iraq regarding the impact of obesity and aging on thyroid hormone profiles. This study aimed to evaluate thyroid hormone levels—TSH, free T4, and free T3—in obese adults across two age groups and compare them with non-obese healthy controls in Dhi Qar, Iraq. A cross-sectional study of 180 male participants revealed significant hormonal alterations. Elderly obese individuals (Group B, 60–75 years) had the highest TSH levels (4.16 ± 1.25 μIU/mL), followed by younger obese adults (Group A, 35–45 years, 3.45 ± 1.10 μIU/mL), compared with healthy controls (2.12 ± 0.80 μIU/mL). Both obese groups exhibited reduced fT4 and fT3 levels, most pronounced in elderly subjects (0.86 ± 0.14 ng/dL and 2.25 ± 0.30 pg/mL, respectively). This is one of the first studies in Iraq to demonstrate a recurrent association between obesity, age, and thyroid hormone dysregulation, pointing to subclinical hypothyroidism. The findings underscore the importance of routine thyroid function screening in obese individuals, particularly the elderly, for early detection and prevention of endocrine complications. Highlights: Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectively removed up to 70% of organic pollutants (COD) and over 60% of nitrogen compounds from wastewater. The bacteria showed high heavy metal removal efficiency, with 87.2% for nickel and 77.5% for zinc. Nitrate removal was the lowest (30.3%), highlighting the need for optimized treatment conditions to improve efficiency.

Page 20 of 27 | Total Record : 268

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