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Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Published by CV Rezki Media
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28295846     DOI : 10.56003/pessr
Core Subject : Education,
Education
The Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers and reviews the fields of physical education, physical rehabilitation, and sports training. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research published two times a year by the CV. Rezki Media (registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights on July 23, 2020 with the number AHU-038612-AH). The journal is dedicated to promoting the advancement of sports science in the ASEAN region and beyond by providing a platform for researchers, scientists, and academics to publish their research findings and share their knowledge with the broader scientific community. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research welcomes submissions from researchers, scientists, and academics in the ASEAN region and around the world on topics including: Physical Education Theory and Methods of Teaching Movements, Physical Education of Children and Teenagers, and Physical Education Learning and Educational Technology, Evaluation in Physical Education. Physical Rehabilitation Injury prevention in both students and athletes and Physical Culture in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases. Sports Training Elite sports and Performance Enhancement and Physical Exercise for Children and Athletes.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 226 Documents
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Functional movement patterns and bilateral asymmetry in badminton athletes: A Functional Movement Screen analysis at the Malang Regional Training Center Avi Kholifatuz Zahro'; Muhammad Atiq Noviudin Pritama
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v5i2.756

Abstract

Background: Badminton involves repetitive unilateral overhead movements, rapid changes of direction, and explosive actions that may contribute to side-to-side differences in functional movement patterns. Objectives: This study aimed to describe functional movement patterns and bilateral asymmetry among badminton athletes at the Malang Regional Training Center using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 16 sub-elite badminton athletes aged 15–20 years selected through purposive sampling. Functional movement was assessed using the seven-component FMS. Total scores were classified as high (≤14), moderate (15–17), or low (18–21) injury risk. Bilateral asymmetry was identified from differences between right- and left-side scores in five bilateral FMS components. Data were analyzed descriptively using means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. Results: Most athletes (62.5%, n = 10) were classified as having moderate injury risk, while 18.75% (n = 3) were classified as high risk and 18.75% (n = 3) as low risk. Shoulder Mobility showed the highest prevalence of bilateral asymmetry (100%, n = 16), followed by the In-Line Lunge and Rotary Stability (62.5%, n = 10 each), Hurdle Step (50.0%, n = 8), and Active Straight Leg Raise (43.75%, n = 7). Conclusions: Bilateral functional movement asymmetry was common among badminton athletes, particularly in shoulder mobility, while most athletes were classified within the moderate injury-risk category. These findings support functional movement screening to identify movement limitations and inform individualized corrective exercise strategies.
Development and evaluation of a web-based interactive flashcard tool (Aero’Zen) for low-impact rhythmic activity instruction in physical education Zenny Ni'matul Ulya; Donny Anhar Fahmi; Ibnu Fatkhu Royana
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v5i2.761

Abstract

Background: Teaching rhythmic activities in physical education continues to face challenges due to the limited availability of visual learning aids that demonstrate movements systematically, repeatedly, and accessibly. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate Aero’Zen, a web-based interactive flashcard tool integrating movement illustrations, QR codes, and demonstration videos for basic low-impact rhythmic activities. Methods: This research and development study employed the ADDIE model. Following product development and expert validation, learning outcomes were evaluated using a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 2 Semarang. Product feasibility was assessed by media experts, subject matter experts, and a physical education practitioner. Pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and paired-samples t-tests, with the significance level set at α = .05. Results: Aero’Zen was rated highly suitable by media experts (95.75%), subject matter experts (94.50%), and a physical education practitioner (88.75%). Mean scores increased from 75.40 to 89.97 in the cognitive domain, from 28.80 to 32.77 in the affective domain, and from 19.87 to 32.00 in the psychomotor domain. Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest scores across all three domains (all p < .001). Conclusions: Aero’Zen is a highly suitable web-based learning medium with the potential to support students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes, including movement coordination and performance, in low-impact rhythmic activities. Its integrated flashcards, QR-code access, and demonstration videos provide a flexible resource for repeated and independent learning. Future studies should use randomized controlled trials with larger and more diverse samples to strengthen causal inference and generalizability.
Associations of lower limb muscle strength and body reaction time with crescent kick performance in competitive pencak silat athletes Jery Setiawan; Siti Baitul Mukarromah
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v5i2.762

Abstract

Background: Crescent kick performance is an important technical component of competitive pencak silat and may be associated with physical capacities such as lower limb muscle strength and reaction time. However, evidence regarding the relationships of these physical characteristics with crescent kick performance remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations of lower limb muscle strength and body reaction time with crescent kick performance among competitive pencak silat athletes. Methods: This quantitative correlational study involved 30 competitive pencak silat athletes (age: 19.8 ± 2.1 years; height: 168.4 ± 6.3 cm; body mass: 61.7 ± 8.2 kg; body mass index: 21.7 ± 2.3 kg/m²) recruited using total sampling. Lower limb muscle strength was assessed using a leg dynamometer, body reaction time using a reaction timer, and crescent kick performance using a 10-second crescent kick test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple correlation analysis, with statistical significance set at p < .05. Results: Lower limb muscle strength was positively associated with crescent kick performance (r = 0.734, p < .001), whereas body reaction time was negatively associated with crescent kick performance (r = -0.739, p < .001), indicating that shorter reaction times were associated with better kick performance. Multiple correlation analysis showed a strong combined association of lower limb muscle strength and body reaction time with crescent kick performance (R = 0.754, R² = 0.568, p < .001). Together, these variables accounted for 56.8% of the variance in crescent kick performance. Conclusions: Greater lower limb muscle strength and shorter body reaction time were associated with better crescent kick performance among competitive pencak silat athletes. These findings highlight the relevance of muscular strength and neuromuscular responsiveness to crescent kick performance and may inform physical conditioning programs for pencak silat athletes. Further studies with larger samples and additional biomechanical, physiological, and technical measures are needed to better understand the factors associated with crescent kick performance.
Association between ADHD symptom severity and motor activity in preschool children: A cross-sectional study Adnan Faris Naufal; Chevanya Diva Titania Davinci; Anida Azkia Fitri
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v5i2.777

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Objective measurement of motor activity may complement parent-reported assessment of ADHD symptoms. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between ADHD Rating Scale-5 scores and step counts, used as an objective indicator of motor activity, among children aged 4–6 years. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 110 children aged 4–6 years selected through purposive sampling. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the parent-completed ADHD Rating Scale-5, while step counts were measured using a digital pedometer during a 15-minute school recess. Data normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Pearson's product–moment correlation was used to examine the association between total ADHD Rating Scale-5 scores and step counts, whereas Spearman's rank correlation was used for the Inattention and Hyperactivity–Impulsivity domain scores. Results: Total ADHD Rating Scale-5 scores showed a very strong positive correlation with step counts (r = .865, p < .001). At the domain level, Inattention scores showed a strong positive correlation with step counts (ρ = .756, p < .001), while Hyperactivity–Impulsivity scores showed a very strong positive correlation (ρ = .818, p < .001). Conclusions: Higher ADHD symptom scores were strongly associated with higher motor activity, as indicated by step counts, among preschool children. Step-count measurement may provide a simple objective measure that complements parent-reported assessment of ADHD symptoms; however, it should not be interpreted as a diagnostic measure for ADHD.
Game-based approaches in higher education physical education: A systematic review Arief Abdul Malik; Adang Suherman; Sucipto Sucipto; Tite Juliantine; Fegie Rizkia Mulyana
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Articles in Press
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/786

Abstract

Background: Game-based approaches are increasingly used to develop tactical understanding and game performance in physical education. However, evidence regarding their implementation and effectiveness in higher education remains limited compared with K–12 settings.Objective: This systematic review examined research trends, learning outcome domains, assessment instruments, and reported effects of the Tactical Games Model (TGM), Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU), and related hybrid models among university students.Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Scopus was searched for experimental or intervention-based studies published between January 2021 and August 16, 2026, involving university students enrolled in physical education or sport-related programs. Of 205 records identified, six studies involving 507 participants met the eligibility criteria. Findings were synthesized narratively.Results: The included studies primarily focused on team sports and assessed cognitive, psychomotor, affective, and psychological outcomes. The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was among the assessment tools used. The studies generally reported favorable outcomes in tactical performance, game understanding, motivation, engagement, and selected psychological measures. However, heterogeneity in interventions and assessment methods limited comparisons across studies. Evidence was insufficient to establish whether hybrid models consistently outperformed single-model approaches.Conclusion: Game-based approaches may support multidimensional learning outcomes in higher education physical education. Nevertheless, the evidence remains limited to six heterogeneous studies identified through a single database. Broader literature searches and rigorous comparative studies using validated assessment instruments are needed to strengthen the evidence regarding their effectiveness.
Exploratory machine-learning classification of student performance in physical education using fitness, engagement, and academic indicators Princes Lloyda Peralta; Shekiro Raposas; Reinalyn Bucsit
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Articles in Press
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/790

Abstract

Background: Physical Education (PE) performance is multidimensional and may be associated with fitness, engagement, attendance, motivation, and prior achievement. Machine learning can identify classification patterns across these indicators, but predictive claims require clear temporal ordering and rigorous validation. Objective: This study compared four machine-learning classifiers for categorizing student PE performance while minimizing target leakage and addressing class imbalance. Methods: An exploratory, leakage-controlled classification analysis used a public Kaggle dataset of uncertain provenance. The dataset contained 500 records, 19 substantive variables, and one identifier, with Performance categorized as Low, Average, or High Performer. Because the label-construction rule was undocumented, Performance was treated as an inherited categorical outcome. Overall PE Performance Score, Improvement Rate, and Final Grade were excluded because they could contain current, change-based, or outcome-related information. Categorical predictors were one-hot encoded, numeric predictors were standardized, and preprocessing was performed within training folds. Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression were evaluated using stratified five-fold cross-validation with class-weighted learning. Results: Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy (0.856), whereas Logistic Regression achieved the highest balanced accuracy (0.749) and macro-F1 (0.645). Its out-of-fold recall was 0.759 for Low, 0.720 for Average, and 0.750 for High Performers, indicating that accuracy alone may inadequately reflect performance in an imbalanced multiclass setting. Conclusion: Leakage-controlled, class-aware evaluation is essential in machine-learning classification of student performance. These findings are exploratory and should not be interpreted as validated prospective predictions. Future studies should use documented data, explicit temporal ordering, larger balanced samples, and independent external validation.

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