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Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Published by CV Rezki Media
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28295846     DOI : 10.56003/pessr
Core Subject : Education,
Education
The Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers and reviews the fields of physical education, physical rehabilitation, and sports training. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research published two times a year by the CV. Rezki Media (registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights on July 23, 2020 with the number AHU-038612-AH). The journal is dedicated to promoting the advancement of sports science in the ASEAN region and beyond by providing a platform for researchers, scientists, and academics to publish their research findings and share their knowledge with the broader scientific community. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research welcomes submissions from researchers, scientists, and academics in the ASEAN region and around the world on topics including: Physical Education Theory and Methods of Teaching Movements, Physical Education of Children and Teenagers, and Physical Education Learning and Educational Technology, Evaluation in Physical Education. Physical Rehabilitation Injury prevention in both students and athletes and Physical Culture in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases. Sports Training Elite sports and Performance Enhancement and Physical Exercise for Children and Athletes.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 226 Documents
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Performance anxiety among student table tennis players Yumna Wahyuningsih; Ibnu Fatkhu Royana; Galih Dwi Pradipta
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.618

Abstract

Background: Anxiety is a common psychological factor that significantly affects athletic performance, especially in competitive settings. Student-athletes face dual pressures from academic responsibilities and athletic commitments, making them vulnerable to performance anxiety that can impair focus, concentration, and decision-making. Objectives: This study aims to analyze performance anxiety among table tennis athletes in the Student Activity Unit (UKM) of Universitas PGRI Semarang and to examine differences in performance evaluation outcomes based on sources from internal and external factors. Methods: A comparative quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was used. Fifty athletes participated (n=25 assessed by internal factors, n=25 assessed by external factors). Anxiety/performance was measured using a self-report questionnaire consisting of 15 Likert-scale items (1-5 scale) validated by three sport psychology experts. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA after confirming normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and homogeneity (Levene's test). Results: The internal group had a higher mean score (M = 3.64, SD = 0.86) compared to the external group (M = 3.07, SD = 0.86). ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference, F(1,48) = 4.92, p = 0.031, η² = 0.093, with an estimated Cohen's d of approximately 0.66, indicating a medium effect size. These findings indicate that anxiety factors affect athletes' performance, with internal factors tending to score higher than external factors. Conclusions: This study concludes that anxiety affects the performance of table tennis athletes in the Student Activity Unit (UKM) at Universitas PGRI Semarang. Specifically, internal factors such as self-confidence and perfectionism have been proven to have a greater impact than external factors.
The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes Muhammad Lutfi Hasan; Ibnu Fatkhu Royana; Utvi Hinda Zhannisa
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i2.619

Abstract

Background: Rhythmic gymnastics plays a vital role in developing students' motor skills, coordination, and rhythm, yet many still face challenges in mastering movement concepts. Objectives: This study compared the effectiveness of Peer Teaching and Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning models in improving rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest was conducted on 68 eighth-grade students (male and female) at State Junior High School 4 Semarang, divided into Peer Teaching (n=34) and TPS (n=34) groups. Learning outcomes were assessed using a validated rhythmic gymnastics performance test, and data were analyzed descriptively with gain score calculation. Results: The TPS group achieved a greater improvement in posttest scores (from 67.21 to 79.59; +18.41%) compared to the Peer Teaching group (from 79.18 to 79.85; +0.85%). These results indicate that TPS enhances students' understanding, coordination, and engagement in rhythmic gymnastics learning. Conclusions: TPS is recommended for physical education teachers to improve performance, particularly for students with lower initial skills. Further studies should explore its long-term effects and retention.
The effect of championship participation on training intensity and motivation of Pencak Silat student athletes at Semarang State University, Indonesia Achmad Alif Firmansyah; Nanang Indardi
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i2.620

Abstract

Background: Consistent training and high enthusiasm are the keys to an athlete's success in achieving optimal performance. However, among Pencak Silat athletes at Semarang State University (UNNES), there is a decrease in training intensity and enthusiasm when there is no championship agenda. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of participation in a championship on the training intensity and motivation of Semarang State University Pencak Silat athletes. Methods: This study used a pre-post design with the same subjects (n = 30) and an explanatory quantitative approach to determine the effect of championship participation on training intensity and motivation. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability (α = 0.872). Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test using SPSS. Results: The results showed a significant increase in training intensity from a mean ± SD of 3.12 ± 0.54 (pre) to 3.78 ± 0.49 (post), and training motivation from 3.05 ± 0.61 (pre) to 3.85 ± 0.55 (post), with t(29) = 5.62 and 6.03, respectively, p = 0.004. Cohen's d effect sizes of 1.03 (intensity) and 1.10 (motivation) indicate significant effects. Conclusions: These findings indicate that participation in championships is a significant external motivator in improving the quality of athletes' training. Therefore, championships can be a coaching strategy to maintain sustainable training motivation, a practical implication that this study has clearly demonstrated.
Psychosocial predictors of academic achievement in physical education among Indonesian university students: Testing the mediating role of mental toughness Muhad Fatoni; Agam Akhmad Syaukani; Pungki Indarto; Imron Nugroho Saputro; Ismi Husniyah Musyfiroh
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.624

Abstract

Background: Academic performance in this context is conceptualized holistically, encompassing the integration of cognitive, affective, psychomotor, and physical achievements. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory and Social Cognitive Theory, the study posits that physical activity interest and social skills serve as predictors of both mental toughness and academic outcomes. Objectives: This study examines the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between physical activity interest, social skills, and academic performance among university students enrolled in physical education programs. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, involving the administration of structured questionnaires to 235 active students. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with a Partial Least Squares approach to assess construct validity and the relationships among variables. Results: The results reveal that interest in physical activity and social skills has a significant influence on both mental toughness and academic performance. However, mental toughness did not serve as a substantial mediator within the proposed model. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical direct roles of affective and social factors in predicting academic success in physical education contexts. Theoretically, this study clarifies the functional position of mental toughness, while practically, it promotes the development of instructional strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation and collaborative skills within physical education curricula.
Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes Pupuh Harya Prembanyu; Agus Wiyanto; Setiyawan Setiyawan
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.633

Abstract

Background: Although it may seem simple, soccer has complex characteristics, which is why many children are attracted to training at soccer schools. Agility is a crucial aspect of the game, as it enables a player to move quickly, evade opponents, and control the ball effectively. At the Pemalang Regency Bina Talenta Soccer School (SSB), agility training is not conducted optimally and has not been implemented systematically with effective methods. Therefore, exercises such as the five-cone and ladder drills need to be implemented to improve player agility more effectively. Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on the agility of U15 football athletes. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a quasi-experimental approach. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest in two groups. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with 20 players participating in a four-week training program. The instrument to measure agility was the Illinois Agility Test, with a validity level of r = 0.87. The measurement data were analyzed using a difference test with the help of SPSS software version 29.0. Results: The five-cone drill and the ladder drill had a significant effect on agility, as both exercises had a significance value of <0.05. The five-cone drill was more effective than the ladder drill. This was due to the difference in scores between the five-cone drill, which increased by 1.04, and the ladder drill, which increased by 0.84. Conclusions: Both training methods are effective in improving agility and can be integrated into school-based football training programs. Furthermore, the results of implementing these methods can enhance player performance and provide a valuable source of new knowledge for future researchers on agility in SSB players.
Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial Sherin Nada Salsabila; Adnan Faris Naufal
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.634

Abstract

Background: Pain disorders in the upper trapezius muscle are often experienced by students due to non-ergonomic postures and excessive duration of device use. Interventions such as spinal manipulation and stretching exercises are non-invasive interventions often used to reduce pain and improve muscle function. Objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of two interventions in reducing trapezius muscle pain among university students. Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 40 physiotherapy students divided equally into two intervention groups. Group I received thoracic spinal manipulation, and Group II received passive stretching. Each intervention was administered in a single 15-minute session. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and immediately after treatment. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for within-group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group analysis, with an alpha level of 0.05. Results: The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant decrease in pain within both groups (Group I: median pre 4.5 [3.63–5] to post 2.5 [1.50–3.38], p = 0.000, r = 0.879; Group II: median pre 4.25 [3–5] to post 1 [0.13–3], p = 0.000, r = 0.84), indicating a significant effect of both interventions. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference in pain reduction between the two groups (median pain difference = 2 [1–3] for both, U = 186.5, Z = –0.375, p = 0.707, r = 0.06). Conclusions: Both thoracic spinal manipulation and passive stretching were effective in reducing upper trapezius pain immediately after a single session, but no significant difference was found between the two interventions. These findings suggest that both approaches provide comparable short-term benefits; however, further research with larger samples, multiple sessions, and more extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.
Teaching personal and social responsibility: An analysis of TPSR-based behaviors in physical education Rama Adha Septiana; Tite Juliantine
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.647

Abstract

Background: The rapid growth of online gaming among students has raised concerns regarding behavioral regulation, responsibility, and social interaction in educational contexts. Objectives: This study aims to systematically review empirical research on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and student behavioral outcomes, and to explore its potential implications for online gaming and digital behavior contexts. Methods: A literature review was conducted using SAGE Journals and Taylor & Francis Online databases, selected due to their strong coverage of peer-reviewed research relevant to physical education and pedagogy. The search covered publications from 2014 to 2024 using the keywords “TPSR” AND “student” AND “behavior” AND (“online game” OR “gaming”). Inclusion criteria were: (1) peer-reviewed international journal articles, (2) empirical or review studies addressing TPSR and student behavior, (3) student populations, and (4) publication within the last ten years. Articles that did not explicitly address TPSR-based behavioral outcomes were excluded. From 43 initial records, 4 articles met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized using narrative synthesis. Results: The included studies primarily focused on TPSR implementation in physical education contexts, emphasizing behavioral responsibility, psychosocial mechanisms, and pedagogical approaches. Of the four studies, two employed quasi-experimental designs, one used survey methods, and one adopted a literature review approach. Overall, the findings indicate that TPSR-based learning is associated with improvements in personal and social responsibility, positive behavior regulation, and supportive learning climates, although direct evidence linking TPSR to online gaming behavior remains limited. Conclusions: The findings suggest that TPSR offers a promising pedagogical framework for fostering responsible behavior and social regulation among students in the digital era.
Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope Nancy Trisari Schiff; Andy Supriady
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v5i1.652

Abstract

Background: Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in the Locomotor Skills domain, are an essential prerequisite for lifelong physical participation. However, the dominance of a sedentary lifestyle threatens young children's mastery of these skills. Objectives: This study aims to test and prove the effectiveness of the jump rope play intervention program in improving locomotor skills in 5–6-year-old children. Methods: This research uses a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 19 males and 11 females, for a total of 30 children. Locomotor skills are measured objectively using the Locomotor subtest of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The Jump Rope Game intervention was implemented in a structured manner over 8 weeks (3 sessions/week). The data were analyzed using the Paired-Samples T-Test. Results: The research results show a highly significant improvement in locomotor skills scores after the intervention. The average score increased from 23.30 on the pretest to 27.87 on the posttest, reflecting a 19.61% increase. The paired-samples t-test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), confirming that the difference between the two measurements was statistically significant. Conclusions: Jump rope games have proven to be an effective, efficient, and enjoyable intervention for significantly improving young children's locomotor skills. This research recommends integrating inexpensive, easily accessible play-based activities into the early childhood education curriculum as a practical strategy to support physical literacy and address basic movement deficits.
Optimising physiological recovery after high-intensity training: A combined approach of hydrotherapy, contrast bath, and full-body massage in futsal players Afif Dwi Nugraha; Laily Mita Andriana; Muhamad Fauzi Antoni; Muhammad Labib Siena Ar Rasyid; Bhekti Lestari
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.655

Abstract

Background: Efficient recovery after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is crucial for maintaining optimal performance and minimizing the risk of injury. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of combining hydrotherapy contrast baths and full-body massage in accelerating physiological recovery after a HIIT session, compared to the application of a single method. Methods: This study employed a pre–post quasi-experimental design with three parallel groups (n = 45; 15 participants per group) to analyze the effectiveness of hydrotherapy combined with whole-body massage compared with each method applied separately. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) hydrotherapy contrast bath only, (2) full-body massage only, and (3) a combined intervention using both techniques. Physiological recovery was assessed using validated instruments, including heart rate monitors for heart rate recovery (HRR), portable lactate analysers for blood lactate concentration, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for perceived muscle soreness. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired-sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA. Results: The findings demonstrated that the combined hydrotherapy–massage protocol resulted in greater improvements than the single-method groups, particularly in lactate reduction (e.g., -3.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L vs. - 1.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L and - 2.0 ± 0.6 mmol/L; p<0.05) and faster HRR. Participants in the combined group also reported significantly lower muscle soreness (p<0.05). Conclusions: This suggests that integrating contrast bath hydrotherapy with full-body massage enhances circulation, accelerates metabolic waste clearance, and improves subjective recovery following HIIT. Future studies are recommended to include larger samples, compare different hydrotherapy temperatures, or examine long-term adaptations from repeated recovery sessions.
The association between healthy dietary habits and physical fitness among junior high school students: A rural school case study Moch. Yunus; Yulingga Nanda Hanief; Muhammad Putra Ramadhan; Erika Ayu Sylvianingrum
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v4i3.665

Abstract

Background: The health conditions of the community, particularly in relation to the physical fitness of junior high school students, require serious attention, especially in rural areas that differ significantly from urban areas. Previous research findings on dietary patterns and physical fitness still show inconsistent results. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between healthy eating habits and physical fitness among junior high school students residing in rural areas. Methods: This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects consisted of 27 students from public junior high schools in rural areas, selected through a balanced stratified random sampling process that involved all grade levels. Eating habits were measured using a 24-hour food recall, as it is an effective method for monitoring food intake over a short period. Physical fitness was measured using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN), a national standard instrument. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Most of the study participants were underweight with varied eating patterns. The analysis results showed no significant relationship between physical fitness and healthy eating patterns, as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.061 and a p-value of 0.764. The small effect size suggests that eating patterns did not have a significant impact on fitness levels in this group of participants. Conclusions: The study shows that rural junior high school students achieve their physical fitness through exercise and their exercise-rest patterns and their inherited characteristics rather than their diet.

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