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Jurnal Jurisprudence
ISSN : 18295045     EISSN : 25495615     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Jurnal Jurisprudence is an academic journal published twice a year by the Magister Law Program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 5 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol. 15, No. 1, June 2025" : 5 Documents clear
An Analysis of Legal Considerations of Judicial Decisions on Customary Land Disputes: A Comparison of Indonesia and Africa Salam, Safrin; La Gurusi; La Ode Muhammad Karim; Cynthia C. Izu; Supriyanto; Rasmala Dewi
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 15, No. 1, June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v15i1.7082

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: This research aims to analyze judges’ legal considerations in adjudicating Decision No. 20/pdt/2021/PTKDI as well as to find the implications of legal changes on customary land regulations in Kondowa Village, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Methodology: This research employed the normative juridical method with the statute approach, the case approach, and the conceptual approach. The data were sourced from primary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Results: In Decision No. 20/pdt/2021/PTKDI, judges gave legal considerations of the decision based on inapplicable regulations. They ignored the existence of customary laws from the Kampirina Customary Institution. There are different perspectives on the indigenous rights concept as well as the legality of registering customary land. Apart from that, there are different interpretations on the Kampirina Customary Institution’s legality which is based on the Regional Regulation of Buton Regency No. 4 of 2015 on Customary Institutions and Regulation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 52 of 2014 on the Guidelines to Acknowledging and Protecting Indigenous Societies. The legal implication of Decision No. 20/pdt/2021/PTKDI includes changes in the customary law on the regulations regarding customary land as well as the validity of indigenous rights from the Kampirina Customary Institution. Applications of this Study: This research can be applied by giving insight into judges’ logical dynamics in creating logical legal considerations according to the applicable regulations. Novelty/Orginality of this Study: This research offers novelty as judges’ legal considerations were analyzed using the customary law as well as the justice awareness theory, the reality theory, and the decision theory that apply in the customary law. This research yielded an analysis of judges’ legal considerations based on the customary law and the positive law that creates a sense of justice for indigenous people. Keywords: Judicial Decision, Customary Land, Customary Law, Legal Reasoning, Indonesia.   ABSTRAK  Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam mengadili Putusan No. 20/pdt/2021/PTKDI serta menemukan implikasi perubahan hukum terhadap peraturan pertanahan adat di Desa Kondowa, Kabupaten Buton, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Data bersumber dari data primer yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil: Dalam Putusan No. 20/pdt/2021/PTKDI, hakim memberikan pertimbangan hukum atas putusan tersebut berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang tidak berlaku. Hakim mengabaikan keberadaan hukum adat dari Lembaga Adat Kampirina. Terdapat perbedaan perspektif mengenai konsep hak ulayat serta legalitas pendaftaran tanah adat. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan penafsiran mengenai legalitas Lembaga Adat Kampirina yang didasarkan pada Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Buton No. 4 Tahun 2015 tentang Lembaga Adat dan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 52 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Implikasi hukum dari Putusan No. 20/pdt/2021/PTKDI antara lain perubahan hukum adat terkait pengaturan tanah adat serta keabsahan hak ulayat Lembaga Adat Kampirina. Aplikasi Penelitian: Penelitian ini dapat diaplikasikan dengan memberikan wawasan mengenai dinamika logika hakim dalam merumuskan pertimbangan hukum yang logis sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Kebaruan/Keaslian Penelitian: Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan karena pertimbangan hukum hakim dianalisis menggunakan hukum adat serta teori kesadaran keadilan, teori realitas, dan teori putusan yang berlaku dalam hukum adat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan analisis pertimbangan hukum hakim berdasarkan hukum adat dan hukum positif yang menciptakan rasa keadilan bagi masyarakat adat. Kata Kunci: Putusan Pengadilan, Tanah Adat, Hukum Adat, Penalaran Hukum, Indonesia
Judicial Restraint Law Judicial Restraint Law Politics of the Constitutional Court Against Parliamentary Threshold: A Comparison of Indonesia and Philippines Dewi Iriani; Muhammad Fauzan; Ayu Hudzaifah; Joe Rey Acob; Daffa Maulidio Inzaghi
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 15, No. 1, June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v15i1.8716

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Purpose of this Research is to examine 1) Legal construction of the Judicial Review of Parliamentary Threshold No. 44/PUUXV/2017 and No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 on Judicial Restraint of Constitutional Court Judges in Indonesia and 2) Legal politics of the regulation and application of parliamentary thresholds in the Philippines. The Research Method was a literature review in the form of normative research, which employed the qualitative method. The research approach was in the form of legislation using the statute approach, namely Constitutional Court Decisions No. 44/PUUXV/2017 and No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 on Parliamentary Thresholds. It applied the comparative approach by comparing the parliamentary thresholds of Indonesia and the Philippines. Then, it also employed the conceptual approach, namely the theory of legal politics, the theory of judicial restraint, and the theory of the independence of the judiciary and analytical tools. The Results of the Research found: 1). Legal political construction of the Judicial Review of Parliamentary Threshold No. 44/PUUXV/2017 and No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 on the Judicial Restraint Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, namely: Constitutional limitation, policy limitation, doctrine limitation, and simplifying the multi-party system through the simplification of political parties, i.e., reducing the number of political parties. 2) Concerning the legal politics on the regulation and implementation of parliamentary threshold regulations in the Philippines, this country does not have a Constitutional Court. Thus, one cannot file a judicial review of election laws in the Philippines. Therefore, the Philippines is only subject to and obeys the regulations of the Philippine Constitution, which regulates the parliamentary threshold. Meanwhile, the implementation of the Philippine parliamentary threshold refers to the rules of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, which applies a parliamentary threshold of 20%, by dividing the total list of voters to obtain one seat in parliament. Study Application: In Judicial Restraint Law Politics of the Constitutional Court Against Parliamentary Threshold: Through Decision No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024, the Indonesian government carried out an open legal policy on the presidential threshold provision to remove the parliamentary threshold. The Constitutional Court judge argued that there was an imbalance between the older (larger) political parties and the newer (smaller) political parties. Thus, small parties could be allowed to nominate presidential candidates, which follows the principle of equality in democracy guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, the judicial restraint law politics of the constitutional court against parliamentary threshold refers to the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, which is 20%. Usefulness of Research: First, academically, it is hoped that this research can become a reference for future research regarding the judicial restraint law of the constitutional court against bthe parliamentary threshold, a comparison between Indonesia and the Philippines. Second, practically, in the judicial restraint, the threshold of the Indonesian parliament, judges can provide considerations in making decisions without intervention from any party, so that they can uphold the dignity of Constitutional Court Judges and create just decisions. Then, the application of the Philippine parliamentary threshold must comply with the rules of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Keywords: Judicial Restraint, Constitutional Court, Parliamentary Threshold.   ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji 1) Konstruksi hukum Judicial Review terhadap Parliamentary Threshold No. 44/PUUXV/2017 dan No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Judicial Restraint Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi di Indonesia dan 2) Politik hukum pengaturan dan penerapan ambang batas parlemen di Filipina. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka berupa penelitian normatif dengan metode kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian berupa legislasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, yaitu Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 44/PUUXV/2017 dan No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Parliamentary Threshold. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan komparatif dengan membandingkan ambang batas parlemen Indonesia dan Filipina. Kemudian, penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, yaitu teori politik hukum, teori judicial restraint, serta teori independensi peradilan dan perangkat analisisnya. Hasil Penelitian menemukan: 1). Konstruksi politik hukum Perkara Judicial Review Parliamentary Threshold No. 44/PUUXV/2017 dan No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Kekangan Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, yaitu: pembatasan konstitusional, pembatasan kebijakan, pembatasan doktrin, dan penyederhanaan sistem multipartai melalui penyederhanaan partai politik, yaitu pengurangan jumlah partai politik. 2) Mengenai politik hukum pengaturan dan pelaksanaan ketentuan ambang batas parlemen di Filipina, negara ini tidak memiliki Mahkamah Konstitusi. Dengan demikian, seseorang tidak dapat mengajukan uji materi undang-undang pemilu di Filipina. Oleh karena itu, Filipina hanya tunduk dan patuh pada ketentuan Konstitusi Filipina, yang mengatur ambang batas parlemen. Sementara itu, penerapan ambang batas parlemen Filipina mengacu pada aturan Konstitusi Republik Filipina tahun 1987, yang menerapkan ambang batas parlemen sebesar 20%, dengan membagi seluruh daftar pemilih untuk memperoleh satu kursi di parlemen. Aplikasi Studi: Dalam Politik Hukum Pembatasan Yudisial Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap Ambang Batas Parlemen: Melalui Putusan No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024, pemerintah Indonesia menjalankan kebijakan hukum terbuka mengenai ketentuan ambang batas presidensial untuk menghapus ambang batas parlemen. Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi berpendapat bahwa terdapat ketidakseimbangan antara partai politik yang lebih tua (lebih besar) dan partai politik yang lebih baru (lebih kecil). Dengan demikian, partai-partai kecil dapat diizinkan untuk mengajukan calon presiden, yang mengikuti prinsip kesetaraan dalam demokrasi yang dijamin oleh Konstitusi 1945. Sementara itu, di Filipina, politik hukum pembatasan yudisial Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap ambang batas parlemen mengacu pada Konstitusi Republik Filipina tahun 1987, yaitu sebesar 20%. Kegunaan Penelitian: Pertama, secara akademis, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya mengenai hukum pembatasan kekuasaan kehakiman Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap ambang batas parlemen, perbandingan antara Indonesia dan Filipina. Kedua, secara praktis, dalam pembatasan kekuasaan kehakiman, ambang batas parlemen Indonesia, hakim dapat memberikan pertimbangan dalam mengambil keputusan tanpa intervensi dari pihak mana pun, sehingga dapat menjunjung tinggi martabat Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dan menciptakan putusan yang adil. Selanjutnya, penerapan ambang batas parlemen Filipina harus sesuai dengan aturan Konstitusi Republik Filipina tahun 1987. Kata Kunci: Pembatasan Kehakiman, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Ambang Batas Parlemen
A Comparative Study Of The Indonesian Supreme Court's Decision and International Agreements on E-Commerce Subadriyah, Subadriyah; Arum Widiastuti
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 15, No. 1, June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v15i1.9990

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: This research aims to analyze the relevance of Indonesia’s domestic regulations in governing e-commerce transactions, especially in the context of interstate taxation as well as evaluate how far these regulations are in line with international legal principles such as those regulated by United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (UNECIC) and World Trade Organization (WTO). Methodology: This research utilized the normative juridical method with a legal comparison approach and a case approach on the Decision of the Supreme Court No. 1305/B/PK/PJK/2015. The data were qualitatively analyzed to identify regulatory gaps and suggest legal recommendations. Results: Research found that even though domestic regulations have regulated the e-commerce taxation aspect, there are still weaknesses in answering global challenges, such as server jurisdiction, the mechanism of resolving interstate disputes, as well as the protection of digital consumers. Supreme Court decisions have become a crucial foundation but have not fully referred to international standards. Applications of this Study: The results of this research can be used by policymakers, academicians, and legal practitioners as a basis for formulating more adaptive e-commerce regulations that are harmonious with international standards which support Indonesia’s digital economic ecosystem. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This research offers a constructive approach in bridging the gap between national regulations and international policies, as well as offering a scientific contribution through the integration of global principles into the domestic legal framework of e-commerce in Indonesia. Keywords: e-commerce, court decisions, international agreements, Indonesia.   ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relevansi peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dalam mengatur transaksi perdagangan elektronik, khususnya dalam konteks perpajakan antarnegara, serta mengevaluasi sejauh mana peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum internasional seperti yang diatur dalam Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Penggunaan Komunikasi Elektronik dalam Kontrak Internasional (UNECIC) dan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum dan pendekatan kasus atas Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 1305/B/PK/PJK/2015. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi celah hukum dan memberikan rekomendasi hukum. Hasil: Penelitian menemukan bahwa meskipun peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia telah mengatur aspek perpajakan perdagangan elektronik, masih terdapat kelemahan dalam menjawab tantangan global, seperti yurisdiksi server, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa antarnegara, serta perlindungan konsumen digital. Putusan Mahkamah Agung telah menjadi landasan krusial, namun belum sepenuhnya mengacu pada standar internasional. Aplikasi Studi Ini: Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh para pembuat kebijakan, akademisi, dan praktisi hukum sebagai dasar untuk merumuskan regulasi e-commerce yang lebih adaptif dan selaras dengan standar internasional yang mendukung ekosistem ekonomi digital Indonesia. Kebaruan/Orisinalitas Studi Ini: Penelitian ini menawarkan pendekatan konstruktif dalam menjembatani kesenjangan antara regulasi nasional dan kebijakan internasional, serta memberikan kontribusi ilmiah melalui integrasi prinsip-prinsip global ke dalam kerangka hukum domestik e-commerce di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: e-commerce, putusan pengadilan, perjanjian internasional, Indonesia
Insurers’ Legal Liability in Rejecting Life Insurance Claims: An Analysis of the Medan High Court’s Decision No. 47/PDT/2025/PT MDN Dhian Indah Astanti, Dhian Indah Astanti; Wafda vivid izziyana; Eva Dwi
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 15, No. 1, June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v15i1.9996

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: This research aims to analyze the legal responsibility of insurers in rejecting life insurance claims based on policyholders’ non-material information. This study analyzes the Decision of the Medan High Court No. 47/PDT/2025/PT MDN and compares it with legal practices in Malaysia. Methodology: This research applied the normative juridical method with an analysis of legal regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions. It also employed the legal comparison method between the legal systems in Indonesia and Malaysia. Results: Results of this research found that the rejection of claims by insurance companies due to non-material or administrative information is invalid according to the law. The judicial assembly emphasizes the principle of contractual justice and the protection towards the insured. Thus, they declare that only information with material characteristics can be used as a valid basis to reject claims. Applications of this Study: Results of this research can be used to strengthen the legal protection for policyholders in the life insurance practice. Apart from that, this study may be used as a reference for formulating policies and reforming the insurance industry both at the national and regional levels. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The novelty of this research lies in its comparative approach to the materiality principle in life insurance contracts. This research shows a difference between the normative approach in Indonesia and the factual evidence-based approach in Malaysia, enriching insight into legal protection in the life insurance industry as well as the urgency of renewing practical norms to make them more just and transparent. Keywords: Life Insurance, Claims, Substantial Justice, Insurers’ Responsibility.   ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum perusahaan asuransi dalam menolak klaim asuransi jiwa berdasarkan informasi non-material pemegang polis. Penelitian ini menganalisis Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Medan No. 47/PDT/2025/PT MDN dan membandingkannya dengan praktik hukum di Malaysia. Metodologi:Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, dan putusan pengadilan. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode perbandingan hukum antara sistem hukum di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penolakan klaim oleh perusahaan asuransi karena informasi non-material atau administratif tidak sah menurut hukum. Majelis Hakim menekankan prinsip keadilan kontraktual dan perlindungan terhadap tertanggung. Oleh karena itu, mereka menyatakan bahwa hanya informasi yang bersifat material yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar yang sah untuk menolak klaim. Aplikasi Penelitian Ini: Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk memperkuat perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang polis dalam praktik asuransi jiwa. Selain itu, studi ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk merumuskan kebijakan dan mereformasi industri asuransi, baik di tingkat nasional maupun regional. Kebaruan/Keaslian Studi Ini: Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan komparatifnya terhadap prinsip materialitas dalam kontrak asuransi jiwa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan antara pendekatan normatif di Indonesia dan pendekatan berbasis bukti faktual di Malaysia, yang memperkaya wawasan tentang perlindungan hukum dalam industri asuransi jiwa serta urgensi pembaruan norma-norma praktis agar lebih adil dan transparan. Kata Kunci: Asuransi Jiwa, Klaim, Keadilan Substansial, Tanggung Jawab Penanggung
Legal Examination of Military Court Decisions on the Criminal Actions of Indonesian Navy Members in Selling Illegal Timber Ramadhan, Dandy; Rahayu Subekti
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 15, No. 1, June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v15i1.10001

Abstract

ABSTRACT Research Objective: This research aims to juridically analyze the Decision of the High Military Court III of Surabaya No. 114-K/PMT.III/BDG/AL/VII/2023 on the involvement of two active members of the Indonesian National Army’s Navy in the crime of transporting timber forest produce without valid documents (illegal logging). This analysis focuses on the application of the general norms of the criminal law, the forestry law, and the military law that intersect in this case, as well as how far the “equality before the law” principle is applied to military personnel. Research Method: This research employed the normative juridical method (doctrinal method) with an analytical approach on legal regulations, legal doctrines, as well as court decisions. The analyzed legal materials include Law No. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Army, Law No. 18 of 2013 on the Prevention and Elimination of Forest Destruction, the Criminal Code, the Military Criminal Code, Law No. 31 of 1997 on the Military Court, as well as the Governmental Regulation No. 5 of 2021. Result: Results of this research show that the action of the Indonesian Navy’s personnel in this case was proven to violate positive law violations both in the realm of general crime and the ream of military criminal law. Judges’ decision was deemed accurate as it considered legal evidence, the losses of the state, as well as the legal equality principle without discriminating against the military institution status. The imposition of penalization in the form of imprisonment and fines in this case also reflected consistency in the application of the legal state principle in military justice. Research Application: This research may become a reference to enforce the law against state apparatus, especially military personnel, who committed legal violations outside of their authority. Apart from that, this analysis may be used as a material for evaluation and improvement of the internal monitoring system in the Indonesian National Army’s environment so that it may be more transparent and accountable. Novelty: The “equality before the law” theory profoundly analyzes this military decision using the ratio decidendi theory. This research offers an interdisciplinary analysis between military law, environmental law, the law on permits, and the principle of constitutional justice in one decision, as well as the confirmation that the “equality before the law” principle must still be enforced for all citizens, including the state defense apparatus. Keywords: Military Decision, Justice, Crime, Illegal Logging.   ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis Putusan Pengadilan Militer Tinggi III Surabaya No. 114-K/PMT.III/BDG/AL/VII/2023 tentang keterlibatan dua anggota aktif TNI Angkatan Laut dalam tindak pidana pengangkutan hasil hutan kayu tanpa dokumen yang sah (illegal logging). Analisis ini berfokus pada penerapan norma-norma umum hukum pidana, hukum kehutanan, dan hukum militer yang bersinggungan dalam perkara ini, serta sejauh mana asas “kesetaraan di hadapan hukum” diterapkan kepada personel militer. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif (metode doktrinal) dengan pendekatan analitis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan. Bahan hukum yang dianalisis meliputi Undang-Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Militer, Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1997 tentang Peradilan Militer, serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan personel TNI AL dalam perkara ini terbukti melanggar hukum positif baik dalam ranah pidana umum maupun ranah hukum pidana militer. Putusan hakim dinilai tepat karena mempertimbangkan alat bukti yang sah, kerugian negara, serta asas persamaan hukum tanpa membeda-bedakan status kelembagaan militer. Penjatuhan pidana berupa pidana penjara dan denda dalam perkara ini juga mencerminkan konsistensi penerapan asas negara hukum dalam peradilan militer. Aplikasi Penelitian: Penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan untuk menegakkan hukum terhadap aparatur negara, khususnya personel militer, yang melakukan pelanggaran hukum di luar kewenangannya. Selain itu, analisis ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi dan penyempurnaan sistem pengawasan internal di lingkungan Tentara Nasional Indonesia agar lebih transparan dan akuntabel. Kebaruan: Teori "kesetaraan di hadapan hukum" menganalisis keputusan militer ini secara mendalam menggunakan teori ratio decidendi. Penelitian ini menawarkan analisis interdisipliner antara hukum militer, hukum lingkungan, undang-undang perizinan, dan asas keadilan konstitusional dalam satu putusan, sekaligus penegasan bahwa asas "kesetaraan di hadapan hukum" tetap harus ditegakkan bagi seluruh warga negara, termasuk aparat pertahanan negara. Kata Kunci: Keputusan Militer, Keadilan, Kejahatan, Pembalakan Liar

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