International Journal of Oil Palm
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
Articles
73 Documents
<![CDATA[Volatility and Transmission of Palm Oil Price in The Province of North Sumatera and Bengkulu Province ]]>
<![CDATA[Herdiyanti, Yulia]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukiyono, Ketut]]>;
<![CDATA[Irawan, Andi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v6i1.87
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the level of volatility and transmission of palm oil prices in the Rotterdam and Belawan markets as well as the price of palm FFB in the markets of North Sumatera and Bengkulu Provinces. This study uses time series data for 120 months from January 2012 to December 2021. In this study, the data analysis method used to analyze the level of price volatility is Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH-GARCH) and to analyze the level of price transmission is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results showed that 1) the price volatility level in the Rotterdam and Belawan palm oil markets was high, 2) palm oil price transmission which is perfectly transmitted both in the short term and in the long term only occurs between the Rotterdam palm oil market and the Belawan palm oil market.]]>
<![CDATA[Testing of Selection Criteria for Screening of Oil Palm Genotypes Partially Resistant to Ganoderma Boninense in Main-Nursery ]]>
<![CDATA[Azwar, Rasidin]]>;
<![CDATA[Siregar, Muhammad Mustiqa]]>;
<![CDATA[Pakpahan, Loly VA]]>;
<![CDATA[Purba, Bobby]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v6i1.104
<![CDATA[Resistance to basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense is now one of the main breeding objectives by many oil palm breeders. Many studies reported that resistance to G. boninense is partial or incomplete resistance.Screening at a longer period in main-nursery is also needed to see genetic variation in rate of infection (‘r) among genotypes. The objective of this study was to test several criteria suitable for identifying genotypes to have low infection rate. Two hundreds of DxP crosses between 16 dura lines and three Pisifera palms were made for testing of their resistance to G. boninense in main-nursery. Since G. boninense is a root disease, its effect on root would be direct and selection based on FRW must be very reliable and accurate. Genotypes which had values better than average value were selected as moderately resistant genotypes to G. boninense. The results showed that: (1) there were differences in fastness of infection and severity of the disease; (2) variation in DS among tested crosses increase with time and reach maximum at the 12th MAI; (3) only four selection criteria had significant correlation FRW, namely, FBW (0.74), AUDPC (-0.261), DS (-0.233), ‘r (-0.205); and (4) four selection criteria which gave the closest results to FRW criterion consecutively were FBW (73%), AUDPC (65%), ‘r (64%), DS (63%). It could be concluded that main-nursery screening could identify genotypes with lower ‘r value. AUDPC and ‘r values are suitable to be used as selection criteria for selecting oil palm genotypes partially resistant to G. boninense in main- nursery screening.]]>
<![CDATA[The Palm Oil Industry in Nigeria and Malaysia: Decline and Economic Sustainability ]]>
<![CDATA[Shehu, Sani]]>;
<![CDATA[Afandi Salleh, Mohd]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v6i2.105
<![CDATA[Oil palm is a west African crop. The trade in palm oil has emerged during the industrial revolution led by Britain, this palm oil was used to lubricate machines. In 1960s, Nigeria was the largest producer of palm oil globally, which accounted for the 43% of palm oil production entirely, but then the entire production declined due to some factors that slowed the palm oil production growth. While in Malaysia, oil palm production serves as the leading and contributing sector to its economy; and it also achieved recognition globally. Palm oil has made a huge contribution to Malaysia economic growth by providing employment, improving infrastructure, alleviating poverty, and generating income for workers and government. This paper objective is to explore the Nigerian decline and Malaysian sustainability on palm oil. It is a qualitative paper, it used primary and secondary method to collect data. The primary method used open-ended interview to collect data, while the secondary method used documents such as: books, journal, conference papers to collect data; and it employed inductive thematic analysis for analysing the interview data collected. It used ATLAS.ti 8 software to help analyse the data. The finding is Nigerian decline which includes: oil boom in 1970s and decline in agriculture, civil war, and traditional palm oil production; and Malaysian sustainability on palm oil includes: environmental consciousness, economic escalation, and social commitment. In conclusion, Nigeria has to learn from Malaysian sustainability to recover its production.]]>
<![CDATA[Highly Efficient Clay Based Degumming Aid for Phosphorous Removal from Crude Palm Oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Bajpai, Indu]]>;
<![CDATA[Pal, Pawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Bhasin, Sanjeev]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v6i2.108
<![CDATA[The removal of phosphorous from crude oil is a complex and necessary step to enhance the oxidative stability and shelf life of edible oil. In this aspect, the current work proposed clay based degumming aid for the removal of phosphorous from the crude palm oil during the bleaching process. The state of art qualitative and quantitative techniques was adopted for the study of physical and chemical properties of different raw materials and oil. A profound study on the stability of the degumming aid is based on the assessment of phosphorous removal efficiency with time (up to 6 months) and bleachability. The results of current work revealed that clay based degumming aid is highly effective in removing phosphorous up to 96%. Additionally, the bleaching performance of clay-based aid is also palpable (around 45%), which influences the deodorization process of the crude palm oil positively. The clay based degumming aid eliminate separate degumming process with acids, which directly impact the oil processing time and cost. Overall, proposed clay based degumming aid is highly efficient, stable for long time and cost effective as well, for the removal of undesired phosphorous from the crude palm oil during the bleaching process. ]]>
<![CDATA[Identification of Curvularia eragrostidis (Henn.) J.A.Mey. the Leaf Spot Pathogen of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and It’s Control by False Elder (Peronema canescens Jack) Leaf Extract ]]>
<![CDATA[Febriani, Anya Via]]>;
<![CDATA[Kasiamdari, Rina Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v6i2.111
<![CDATA[Oil palm is the main vegetable oil-producing crop in Indonesia. Leaf spot disease is one of the major diseases that attacks oil palm seedlings at all seedling stages. In Indonesia, leaf spot disease in oil palm nurseries is most commonly caused by the genus Curvularia with an infection intensity of up to 60–70%. The control of leaf spot disease usually uses chemical fungicides but its continuous use can cause the development of resistant pathogen fungi and have a long-term negative impact on the environment. False elder (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves have bioactivity as an antimicrobial control disease caused by fungal infections. In this study, Curvularia was isolated from oil palm seedlings infected with leaf spot disease from oil palm nurseries in South Sumatra. Effectiveness testing of P. canescens leaves conducted by a Completely Randomized Design method with five treatments and three replications. The fungi that caused leaf spot disease in oil palm were identified as Curvularia eragrostidis. P. canescens leaf water extract at 25% concentration was very ineffective to quite effective in controlling disease severity based on the average number of spots and diameter of spots in oil palm with the values 36.25–59.50% and 12.50–27.78%. P. canescens leaf water extract could reduce the average number of spots and diameter of spots started on day 30 after being sprayed three times with P. canescens leaf water extract so that it could be used as an alternative to control C. eragrostidis leaf spot disease in oil palm that is more friendly to the environment.]]>
<![CDATA[Engine Performance Analysis Using Biodiesel from Giant Palm as a Blending Agent ]]>
<![CDATA[Busari, Rasheed Amao]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadeyibi, Adeshina]]>;
<![CDATA[Adebayo, Raheef Kehinde]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i1.112
<![CDATA[The continuous reliance on petroleum diesel, coupled with growing concerns about environmental degradation, has propelled the exploration of renewable diesel fuel alternatives. This research study delved into the production of giant palm methyl ester through transesterification, employed potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. This alternative fuel was then tested in a single-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine commonly used in Nigeria's agricultural sector, where the demand for sustainable energy solutions is crucial. Pure vegetable oils encounter operational challenges in diesel engines due to their high viscosity, low calorific value, and polyunsaturated nature. Transesterification emerges as a more effective method to modify these properties. Comparisons between the physicochemical parameters of Giant palm methyl ester and convectional diesel fuel revealed significant differences. The calorific value of the produced biodiesel stood at 38,470 MJ/kg, slightly lower than pure diesel's 42.00 MJ/kg. Additionally, the kinematic viscosity of the biodiesel was measured at 10.9 mm2/s. The study also scrutinized engine performance using various biodiesel blends and compared them with conventional diesel. The findings demonstrated the viability of using biodiesel derived from giant palm seed oil in compression ignition engines as a practical alternative to diesel fuel. Lower blends, particularly B5 to B25, adhered closely to ASTM standards, signifying their acceptability. However, as biodiesel concentration increased, both break thermal efficiency and fuel consumption experienced an upward trend. The results showed that the use of biodiesel produced from giant palm seed oil in compression ignition engines is a viable alternative to diesel fuel.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Palm Oil Policies in Nigeria: An Experience from Malaysian Palm Oil Policies ]]>
<![CDATA[Shehu, Sani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i1.119
<![CDATA[The tropical forest of West Africa is initially the first area where the oil palm was discovered before the 14th century. In particular, Nigeria was one of the places where this fruit was uncovered. Palm oil is ranked as the major vegetable oil in the world. In the 1960s, Nigeria was rated as the largest palm oil-producing and exporting country globally. However, the production was completely unsuccessful as a result of the government’s failure to formulate good policies, while the local consumption increases. Oil palm production in Malaysia became a contributing sector to the national economy. It alleviates poverty, provides employment, allocates resources, generates incomes, and leads to economic development. Due to good and sustainable palm oil policies in this sector, Malaysia achieved global recognition. This paper’s objective is to disclose the ineffective policies on palm oil in Nigeria and its sustainability in Malaysia. This paper is a qualitative design, it used primary and secondary methods. The primary method is based on a semi-structured interview, while the secondary method is based on documents. It adopted inductive thematic analysis for analysing interview data with the help of Atlas ti. This paper’s finding is the unsuccessful palm oil policies in Nigeria and the sustainable palm oil policies in Malaysia.In conclusion, there is a need for Nigeria, to learn from the Malaysian experience.]]>
<![CDATA[Insights Into Oil Palm Yield Under Seasonal Rainfall ]]>
<![CDATA[Ijop, Admin]]>;
<![CDATA[Rao, Vengeta]]>;
<![CDATA[N, Nuttapong]]>;
<![CDATA[P, Baskaran]]>;
<![CDATA[T, Palat]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i1.120
<![CDATA[Young oil palms produce many small fruit bunches. With age, bunch number (BN) declines but single bunch weight (BW) increases, more than the BN decline, raising its yield (FFB, or BN*BW). In a long-term trial in seasonal Southern Thailand, the age trend accounted for 81% of the variation in BN. With irrigation, BN increased 34%, and BW 5%, and the age trend accounted for 90% of BN variance. It was 98% for BW with/without irrigation. Besides age trends, the regular December – March dry season, despite irrigation, combined with intrinsic alternating sex cycles resulted in annual cycles in BN and BW. The BN cycle was more marked in younger palms whose rooting is shallower. The BW cycle persisted throughout, albeit at lower amplitude than BN. Female abortion after high production resulted in a BN semi-annual cycle, with peaks in Mar/Apr and Sep/Oct. A similar cycle for BW in older palms, with peaks in Dec - Feb and Jun-Aug, arose from fluctuating pollination. A three-year cycle in BN of unirrigated palms may be due to exhaustion/replenishment of carbohydrate reserves. Underripe harvesting, causing more yield in a month, and a dearth after, resulted in a 2-month cycle for BN.]]>
<![CDATA[Utilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteria in Weed Control and Phosphate Supply in Oil Palm (Elais Guineensis Jacq.) Plantations ]]>
<![CDATA[Revitaningrum, Aliyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Lay, Audrey Josephine]]>;
<![CDATA[Iskandar, Kania Ramadhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Razhin, Muhammad Nabil]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i2.121
<![CDATA[With growing environmental concerns, sustainable management practices in oil palm plantations are becoming increasingly essential. This review examines the potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a biological agent for both weed control and phosphate solubilization in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on studies published between 2007 and 2023. Studies that investigated the role of Pseudomonas fluorescens in enhancing plant growth through weed suppression or improving phosphate uptake were selected. The findings reveal that Pseudomonas fluorescens can significantly benefit plant health by minimizing weed competition and enhancing the availability of phosphorus in the soil. However, challenges such as the variability in environmental conditions, strain specificity, and scalability of application persist. The review highlights the importance of further field trials and experimental research to refine the practical use of Pseudomonas fluorescens in achieving more sustainable oil palm production.]]>
<![CDATA[Internalization of Environmental Externalities: Processing Palm Waste into Renewable Energy ]]>
<![CDATA[Rifdah Utami Hasna Nadhifah]]>;
<![CDATA[Prof. Dr. Ir. Eka Intan Kumala Putri M.Si]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i2.122
<![CDATA[In 2021, the European Union issued a lawsuit at the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the halt in palm oil exports. The European Union Parliament considers the palm oil industry in Indonesia to be one of the triggers of deforestation, degradation and other environmental problems. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2019, the area of ??oil palm plantations in Indonesia reached 14.3 million hectares and the area of ??oil palm plantations in the Province was 2.7 million hectares (Yanti and Lestari 2020). This is based on the high demand for oil from palm oil and its derivative products which has an impact on negative externalities due to the extraction process carried out. The Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) production process produces many products such as Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). Crude palm oil (CPO) production plays an important role in both the local-global environment and socio-economics. In this case, Internalization of Externalities is needed to minimize dirty oil (palm oil waste) which is detrimental to third parties from the management process carried out. Based on the case study of Panyabungan Village, the externality value for liquid palm oil waste is IDR 146,194,433,- after internalizing the externalities, we get a Total Economic Value (TEV) of IDR 627,602,359,- with the liquid waste and solid waste aspects of palm oil in three locations namely; Jambi, Bengkulu and Kalimantan. As a preventive form of assessing externalities, economic and environmental studies also include a SWOT analysis to develop strategies for the sustainability of Palm Oil in Indonesia.]]>
