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INDONESIA
International Journal of Oil Palm
Published by Masyarakat Perkelapasawitan Indonesia
ISSN : 25993496     EISSN : 26142376     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v7i1
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 73 Documents
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Determination of Carotenoid Bioavailability from Palm Oil Microencapsulation Amanda, Ghaisani Shella; Syah Falaifi, Faqih Jibran; Mardiyati, Nur Lathifah
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i2.123

Abstract

Indonesia is the largest palm oil supplier in the world with a total production value of 20.97 million tons. Palm oil has a high content of carotenoids that act as antioxidants in the body. However, carotenoids and their derivatives have a conjugated structure that is unstable to oxidation and easily damaged. One of the optimal efforts to maintain the stability of carotenoids is by microencapsulation. This study aims to determine the efficiency of the palm oil microencapsulation method in maintaining the carotenoid components in it. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review based on Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Springer databases with predetermined inclusion criteria. The results showed that all palm oil microencapsulation methods produced good efficiency values and stable physicochemical characteristics of carotenoids even including other micronutrients such as vitamin E, moisture content, fatty acids, etc. which were also classified as stable. Overall, the supercritical carbon dioxide (SEDS) method produced the best quality while the spray drying method is a good choice for commercial microencapsulation. The conclusion of this study is that microencapsulation is able to protect the bioavailability of carotenoids in palm oil in a stable condition with values that are still within the standard range so as to produce better palm oil products as food ingredients for further use in a food product
The Renewable Water Filtration Innovation From Palm Oil Mill Effluent Waste Sufina Azzahra; Martha Rianna; Nabila Agustin
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i3.124

Abstract

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producing country in the world. According to data from the North Sumatra BPS in 2021, Palm Oil production was 5,311,884 tons. Every palm oil factory disposes of its liquid waste which results in waste pollution becoming a very crucial issue to be addressed immediately because it has many negative impacts. POME is rich in minerals and carbon, but POME waste is currently not fully utilized optimally. The purpose of this research is to produce the latest innovation in water filtration to realize SDGs 2045 on clean water and sanitation and to study the effectiveness of magnetic which will be applied as clean water filtration by utilizing POME waste and natural sand containing ?-Fe2O3, alumina (Al2O3) and magnetic minerals with well water as samples in this study. The combination of POME waste and natural sand with chemical synthesis and calcination methods at a temperature of 500oC as activation of activated carbon and magnetic metals. The results of the synthesis of POME and natural iron sand obtained solids in the form of black powder. In the VSM test, the magnetization versus magnetic field data of Fe3O4/activated carbon POME obtained a magnetic saturation value of 10.13 emu/g. In the XRD test results of activated carbon materials, composites of activated carbon iron oxide and iron oxide and the synthesis results have diffraction patterns similar to the XRD database from JCPDS and in the COD and BOD tests, it proves a decrease in COD and BOD levels in well water before and after filtration with a large range, this indicates the success of the filtration process. In the AAS test as an identification of Fe metal in well water samples, Fe metal becomes <0.00206 (mg/L) starting from 0.01 (mg/L).
Hydrogel Plus as Alternative Technology In Sustainable Palm Oil Agricultural Mahmudin; Batubara, Muhammad Ilham
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i3.126

Abstract

Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important plantation crops in the agricultural sector. However, during the dry season the production of palm oil is decreasing, due to the reduced availability of water especially on peatlands. One way to overcome this problem is by the use of Hydrogel Plus technology (Hydrogel based bagasse with the addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens). This study aims to determine the role of Hydrogel Plus (Hydrogel with the addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens) to the growth and production of palm oil on the peat during the dry season. The method used in this research is the experimental method using Completely Randomized Design. Treatment was done by 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 5 times. So the experimental unit amounted to 20 units. The treatments include (P1) Control, (P2) Hydrogel application (P3) Application of Pseudomonas fluoresces suspension and (P4) Hydrogel Plus applications. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that Hydrogel administration with the addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria tends to have a significant effect on leaf diameter, leaf number and height of plant at each treatment and only at plant height on treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens and only hydrogel treatment which has no effect real utilization of Hydrogel Plus can provide the effect of palm oil plant growth and production to be a specific effort as an alternative technology in sustainable palm oil management in peatlands during the dry season.
Intercropping Land Kale on Hypopodium Leftover Oil Palm Fronds Pruning Ramadhan, Ardian; Nasution, Dwiky Ardiansyah
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v7i3.127

Abstract

The horticultural consumption of land kale in Indonesia is still quite high due to its complete nutritional content. However, limited cultivation land is an obstacle to the production of land kale. On the other hand, Indonesia has a very large area of oil palm plantations because it is a superior commodity as a foreign exchange earner. But it is unfortunate that the output obtained is only oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Therefore, it is necessary to create an integrated agricultural model such as intercropping so that the output obtained is more and profitable economically and environmentally sustainable. Intercropping is a method of agricultural cultivation by planting two or more commodities in the same area to maximise land use and maximise productivity. Intercropping in oil palm is not carried out in producing crops (TM) due to constraints on cultivation land area. However, by using a new agricultural cultivation method, namely cultivation on the hypopodium of the remaining leaf pruning, oil palm producing plants (TM) can still be intercropped. Hypopodium is the tip or base of the leaf that connects to the plant stem. The hypopodium area that is already wide enough in producing plants (TM) can be used as a place for kale plant growth. In addition, the content of organic matter in the hypopodium can be used as a source of nutrients and as an organic substrate. This type of primary research with qualitative methods shows the results that the intercropping method of kale with oil palm on the hypopodium of the remaining pruning of oil palm leaves can be done so that the output out of the farm is more.
Sea Level Rise Impacts on Coastal Oil Palm Plantations Panggabean, Jogi; Kurnia, Julian; Shaumul, Teuku
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

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Abstract

Indonesia's coastal oil palm plantations face unprecedented threats from accelerating sea level rise, with regional rates of 4–5 mm year?¹ significantly exceeding global averages. This study presents the first comprehensive satellite-based assessment of sea level rise impacts on coastal oil palm vulnerability, focusing on Dumai City, Riau Province. We utilized five primary datasets spanning from 2020–2024: Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2 imagery for plantation mapping, SRTM DEM for topographic analysis, satellite altimetry for sea level measurements, and ground truth data for validation. Cross-wavelet analysis revealed an exceptionally strong negative correlation (r = -0.857) between sea level anomalies and coastal land cover changes, with a 30-day lag period indicating plantation ecosystem response time. NDVI trend analysis showed significant vegetation decline (-0.072 NDVI/year) over the study period, with plantation health deteriorating from optimal conditions in 2020 (mean NDVI: 0.608) to critical levels by 2024 (mean NDVI: 0.335). Land cover change detection revealed extensive palm oil expansion (+4,848 ha, +26.3%) occurring through conversion of natural forest (-3,114 ha, -22.8%) and mangrove ecosystems (-1,300 ha, -19.5%). Results reveal that 78% of coastal oil palm plantations are located within 5 km of shoreline on low-lying areas with elevations below 3 meters above sea level. The vulnerability assessment identified 2,847 hectares (64% of total coastal plantations) as highly vulnerable to inundation and saltwater intrusion, representing USD 12.3 million in annual production value at risk.
Palm Oil Adulteration Detection Using Model Averaging of Machine Learning Classifiers on Simulated Chemical Data Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sentana
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Palm oil adulteration poses significant health and economic risks, necessitating accurate detection methods. This study develops a machine learning framework combining KNN, SVM, and Random Forest via weighted model averaging to analyze synthetic FTIR spectra simulating pure and adulterated palm oil. SVM emerged as the top performer (97.3% accuracy), significantly outperforming Random Forest (86.9%) and KNN (85.9%). Principal Component Analysis revealed distinct clustering, with PC1 (63.3% variance) strongly correlate with key adulteration markers like ester C=O (1745 cm?¹) and OH (3300 cm?¹) vibrations. Spectral segmentation identified the 1000–1100 cm?¹ region (C-O stretches) as most critical for detection, enabling a proposed two-stage screening protocol that reduces analysis time by 60% while maintaining >90% accuracy for 5% adulterant concentrations. The synthetic dataset, validated against experimental references, replicated physicochemical trends, including peak broadening in oxidized samples (+20% FWHM) and dye-specific N=O peaks (1520 cm?¹). Model averaging enhanced stability, reducing performance variability to 1.2% versus 3.5–4.8% for individual models. These results highlight SVM’s superiority in handling high-dimensional spectral data and non-linear patterns, while the methodological advances—including noise modeling (SNR = 40 dB) and feature selection—offer practical solutions for portable FTIR devices. The framework supports real-time adulteration screening in resource-limited settings, with implications for food safety regulation and IoT-based quality monitoring in global palm oil supply chains.
From Empire to Extraction: The Historical Trajectory of Palm Oil Trade and Deforestation in Europe and Indonesia (1800–1945) Taniwiryono, Darmono
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Palm oil, a native crop of West Africa, emerged as a key industrial commodity in the 19th century, fundamentally shaping economic and environmental landscapes in both Europe and Southeast Asia. While its importance in European industrialization has been widely acknowledged, the early colonial expansion of oil palm cultivation in Indonesia and its impact on deforestation remains less discussed. This paper explores the intertwined economic, political, and environmental dimensions of palm oil trade in Europe post-1800 and the early plantation-based land conversion in Indonesia before 1945. Drawing on archival sources, historical records, and academic studies, it highlights the dual role of palm oil as both an enabler of industrial progress and a driver of ecological transformation.
Circular Economy In The Palm Oil Industry: Global Trends, Potentials, and Opportunities for Green Economy In Indonesia Firdaus, Thoriqi; Alifiyah, Farah Lailatul Nur
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v8i2.125

Abstract

The palm oil industry in Indonesia plays a crucial role as a foreign exchange earner but faces criticism for its environmental impacts, such as deforestation and carbon emissions. This study aims to analyze global trends in the circular economy within the palm oil sector and explore the potential of a green economy in Indonesia through a mixed-methods approach involving bibliometric and ex-post facto analyses. The findings reveal fluctuating trends in scientific publications, with Malaysia and Indonesia as the main contributors. There has been significant growth in research on this topic, with an annual publication increase rate of 43.45% from 2017 to 2024. International collaboration is vital, with nearly 50% of publications involving cross-border cooperation. Malaysia dominates global contributions with over 35% of total publications, followed by Indonesia, which is also active in international partnerships. Global trends indicate that although the volume of publications has stabilized, the topic of the circular economy is transitioning from an exploratory phase to more advanced technological applications and developments. Terms such as circular economy, sustainable development, and bioenergy are increasingly prominent. Implementing a circular economy in Indonesia holds great potential for transforming palm oil waste into renewable energy. Indonesia's high Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production generates significant volumes of waste, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Technologies like pyrolysis, which converts EFB into bioenergy and anaerobic digestion to produce biogas from POME can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Adopting a circular economy approach could help Indonesia achieve its greenhouse gas emission targets outlined in the Paris Agreement. Technological support and collaboration are essential to empowering smallholder plantations, aiding the palm oil industry's sustainability and fostering a green economy's growth.
Global Research Trends on Oil Palm Plantation and Deforestation: A Bibliometric Analysis Ramadhan, Edwin Mahatir Muhammad; Suprehatin, Suprehatin
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v8i3.134

Abstract

Palm oil is one of the most efficient and widely consumed vegetable oils globally, but its expansion has been linked to tropical deforestation, biodiversity loss, and land use change. As global environmental concerns intensify, scholarly interest in the palm oil-deforestation nexus has grown rapidly. This study offers an updated science mapping analysis of global research on this topic until 10 July 2025. Drawing on 1,622 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science, we applied bibliometric analysis and science mapping to examine publication trends, thematic structures, collaboration networks, and the intellectual foundations of the field. Findings reveal a sharp increase in research output since the early 2000s, with Environmental Research Letters, Land Use Policy, and PLoS One emerging as the most relevant sources. The most prolific authors and institutions are primarily based in Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia, with the University of Göttingen and Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University) playing central roles. Indonesia now leads in single-country publications, reflecting its growing research capacity and strategic importance in the global palm oil landscape. The existing literature is predominantly framed through ecological and technical lenses, focusing on biodiversity, emissions, and sustainability certification. Keyword and co-citation analyses show emerging themes such as ‘spatial analysis’, ‘machine learning’, and expanding regional focus beyond Southeast Asia. However, critical gaps remain, particularly around social justice, land rights, and indigenous knowledge. This study highlights the need for more inclusive and interdisciplinary research approaches that foreground power dynamics, local voices, and alternative knowledge systems. Additionally, as a major producer and increasingly active research contributor, Indonesia holds strong potential to be a focus in future research agendas. The study provides a strategic foundation for researchers, funders, and policymakers engaged in sustainability and land-use governance.
Automatic Water Flow-Based Soil Moisture Monitoring System Oil Palm Nurseries Dani, Dani Kurniawan
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

There are many challenges and obstacles that often arise when caring for agricultural crops until harvest time arrives. One of the challenges in caring for oil palm seedlings is controlling soil moisture and maintaining the right water content for the seedlings. Many seedlings die because they do not get enough water, and sometimes extreme weather conditions make it impossible to water the plants. Farmers typically do not have the time to regularly monitor soil moisture and irrigation, especially for large areas. Based on this issue, there is a solution in the form of a soil moisture monitoring system with automatic irrigation based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to assist and simplify the management of these challenges. This study aims to design a soil moisture monitoring system with automatic irrigasstion to help farmers maintain soil moisture in seedbeds. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method to develop the previous system as a solution to the problem and improve the previous device. The result of this study is a prototype of an automatic irrigation-based soil moisture monitoring system with a DHT11 sensor and a soil moisture sensor. This system was tested based on calibration results showing that the sensor works with a regression equation. The coefficient of determination obtained for the DHT11 sensor was 0.95 and 0.89, for the soil moisture sensor was 0.91, and for the ultrasonic sensor was 1.0. Based on the regression equation obtained, the system can respond well to changes in temperature, humidity, and water levels to monitor soil moisture in seedbeds.

Page 7 of 8 | Total Record : 73

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