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INDONESIA
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Articles 1,288 Documents
The Role of Critical Laboratory Parameters to Determine the Severity and Prognosis of COVID-19: Systematic Review Amanda Yuanita Kusdjianto
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.311

Abstract

Introduction: Few studies have addressed the diagnostic and prognostic value of abnormal laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients. Objective: To identify and assess published studies on the role of laboratory parameters to determine the severity of COVID-19 patients. Method: Systematic review of articles identified from NCBI, Pubmed, BMC, and Elsevier from 2020-2022. Results: Laboratory parameters: complete blood count, serum electrolyte, renal function, liver function, pancreatic enzymes, D-dimer, inflammatory cytokines, and C-reactive protein have a diagnostic and prognostic value in determining the severity of COVID-19. Conclusion: Laboratory parameters have functional prognostic value in determining COVID-19 severity. Pendahuluan: Beberapa penelitian telah membahas nilai diagnostik dan prognostik dari temuan laboratorium abnormal pada pasien COVID-19.Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi peranan parameter laboratorium dalam menentukan keparahan pasien COVID-19. Metode: Review sistematik atas artikel berasal dari NCBI, Pubmed, BMC, Elsevier tahun 2020-2022. Hasil: Parameter laboratorium darah lengkap, elektrolit serum, fungsi ginjal, hati, pankreas, D-dimer, sitokin inflamasi, dan C-reactive protein memiliki nilai diagnosis dan prognosis pasien COVID-19. Simpulan: Parameter laboratorium berperan dalam menentukan keparahan pasien COVID-19
Procedures to Reduce Haemorrhage during Myomectomy for Fibroids I Gede Sastra Winata; Nicholas Renata Lazarosony
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 10 (2022): Oftalmologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i10.312

Abstract

Uterine fibroids are the most common solid tumors in the female pelvis. Myomectomy is the first choice of treatment for woman who want to keep their uterus. Haemorrhage, uterine perforation, cervical injury, and metabolic problems from excessive absorption of the distension medium, such as glycine, are risks of hysteroscopic myomectomy. There are several procedures and techniques to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy for fibroids. Some research demonstrated excellent outcomes with uterine artery ligation. Mioma uteri adalah tumor jinak yang paling sering dijumpai pada wanita. Tindakan miomektomi adalah salah satu pilihan terapi padawanita yang tetap ingin mempertahankan rahim. Perdarahan, perforasi uterus, cedera serviks, dan masalah metabolisme akibat penyerapan berlebihan media distensi, seperti glisin, adalah risiko prosedur histeroskopi miomektomi. Beberapa prosedur dan teknik dapat mengurangi perdarahan saat miomektomi pada kasus mioma uteri. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik dengan ligasi arteri uterina.
Hubungan Usia Onset dengan Fungsi Kognitif Pasien Epilepsi di RSUD dr. Soedarso Kota Pontianak, Indonesia Ariesta Nurtria Khansa; Dyan Roshinta Laksmi Dewi; Muhammad In’am Ilmiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.313

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Epilepsi adalah gangguan susunan saraf pusat yang ditandai bangkitan spontan berulang. Salah satu faktor yang dapat memengaruhi fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi adalah usia saat onset. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara usia saat onset dan fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi di Poliklinik Saraf RSUD dr.Soedarso Pontianak. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 36 orang. Variabel bebas penelitian adalah usia pasien saat didiagnosis epilepsi, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah fungsi kognitif pasien epilepsi. Hasil: Distribusi pasien epilepsi terbanyak pada golongan usia dewasa muda (usia 18-25 tahun; 30,5%), laki-laki (55,6%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA (44,4%), tidak bekerja (50%), dan belum menikah (52,8%). Kebanyakan onset epilepsi pada usia 19-60 tahun (58,3%), dengan frekuensi bangkitan tidak sering (75%). Sebagian besar pasien teratur minum obat anti-epilepsi (77,8%) dan telah didiagnosis epilepsi selama 15-30 tahun (44,4%). Sebanyak 9 (25%) pasien epilepsi mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif yang nyata dan 17 orang (47,2%) kemungkinan (probable) mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Uji korelasi Kendal tau menghasilkan adanya hubungan antara usia saat onset dan fungsi kognitif (p<0,004). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara usia onset dan fungsi kognitif pada pasien epilepsi di Poliklinik Saraf RSUD dr. Soedarso kota Pontianak. Background: Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Age at onset is one of the factors that may influence cognitive function in epilepsy patients. Aim: To search the relationship between the age at onset and cognitive function among epilepsy patients in the Neurology Polyclinic, dr. Soedarso Regional Hospital, Pontianak City, Indonesia. Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method. The total subjects were 36 patients. The independent variable was the age of patients at diagnosis, and the dependent variable was cognitive function. Results: Most epilepsy patients were in young adult age (18-25 years; 30.5%), male (55.6%), with high school as the highest level of education (44.4%), unemployed (50%), and not married (52.8%). The onset of epilepsy is mostly at 19 to 60 years old (58.3%), with infrequent seizure frequency (75%). Most patients are regularly taking anti-epileptic drugs (77.8%), and have been diagnosed for 15-30 years (44.4%). A total of 9 (25%) patients experienced a marked decline in cognitive function, and 17 people (47.2%) experienced a probable decline in cognitive function. Kendal tau correlation test resulted in a relationship between the age at onset and cognitive function (p<0.004). Conclusion: There is a relation between the age at onset and cognitive function among epilepsy patients in dr. Soedarso Regional Hospital of Pontianak City.  
Tinjauan atas Epilepsi Pasca-Trauma Kapitis Olivia Wangidjaja; Budi Riyanto Wreksoatmodjo
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.314

Abstract

Epilepsi pasca-trauma kapitis merupakan salah satu disabilitas akibat cedera kepala; yaitu bangkitan epileptik yang terjadi setelah 7 hari sampai bertahun-tahun pasca-trauma kapitis. Epilepsi pasca-trauma kapitis lebih sering ditemukan pada laki-laki, terutama di kelompok usia 0-12 tahun dan 15-27 tahun. Beberapa mekanisme perubahan aktivitas otak yang memicu bangkitan setelah cedera kepala, antara lain peningkatan penanda inflamasi dan sitokin serta perubahan sawar darah-otak; perubahan tersebut berperan penting dalam patogenesis kejang pasca-trauma. Pengobatan anti-konvulsan (OAE) jangka panjang direkomendasikan untuk pasien epilepsi pasca-trauma kapitis. Tingkat remisi epilepsi pasca-trauma kapitis adalah sekitar 25% - 40% dengan pengobatan awal yang dilakukan. Post-traumatic epilepsy, one of the disabilities due to head injury, is epileptic seizures that occur after 7 days to years after head injury. It is more common in males and peaks in the 0-12 year and 15-27 year age groups. Several mechanisms may trigger changes in brain activity after head injury; including increased inflammatory markers and cytokines, and changes in the blood-brain barrier; those changes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic seizures. Long-term anticonvulsant treatment (OAE) is recommended for patients with posttraumatic epilepsy. The remission rate of post-traumatic epilepsy is 25%-40% with early initial treatment.  
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Ulkus Mooren Ivana Beatrice Alberta
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.315

Abstract

Ulkus Mooren merupakan ulkus kornea perifer berbentuk crescent yang jarang ditemukan dengan nyeri intens, progresif, kronis, dan bersifat idiopatik. Manifestasi klinis berupa nyeri mata intens, fotofobia, mata merah dan berair. Pada pemeriksaan ditemukan ulkus perifer superfisial, menyebar progresif sikumferensial dan sentripetal. Terapi awal berupa corticosteroid topikal setiap jam. Tata laksana lain berupa eksisi limbus konjungtiva, keratoplasti tektonik lamellar, terapi adjuvan lokal, dan imunosupresan sistemik. Prognosis pasien ulkus Mooren tergantung beberapa faktor, antara lain: usia pasien, lateralisasi (unilateral/bilateral), derajat dan luasnya ulkus, serta kepatuhan berobat dan kontrol. Mooren’s ulcer is a rare, painful, progressive, and chronic disease, characterized with idiopathic crescent-shaped peripheral corneal ulcer. Clinical manifestations include intense eye pain, photophobia, red and watery eyes with superficial peripheral ulcers, progressively spread circumferentially and centripetally. The initial therapy is topical corticosteroids, given hourly. Other treatments include limbus conjunctival excision, lamellar tectonic keratoplasty, local adjuvant therapy, and systemic immunosuppressant. Prognosis of Mooren’s ulcer depends on several factors, including patient’s age, lateralization (unilateral/bilateral), degree and extent of the ulcer, and patient’s compliance.   
Nyeri Epigastrik sebagai Presentasi Awal Kolelitiasis David Kristianus; Rafael Eddy Setijoso; Maria Mayasari; Hendra Koncoro
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.316

Abstract

Kolelitiasis sering dijumpai dalam praktek sehari-hari. Selain kolik bilier, kolelitiasis juga dapat menunjukkan gejala atipik berupa dispepsia, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kesalahan diagnosis. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pentingnya evaluasi sindrom dispepsia dengan diagnosis akhir kolelitiasis. Seorang wanita berusia 33 tahun dirawat dengan keluhan nyeri epigastrik. Pasien didiagnosis dispepsia, namun terapi penghambat pompa proton tidak menghasilkan perbaikan. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan demam, sklera ikterik, dan nyeri tekan abdomen kuadran kanan atas. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan neutrofilia dan hiperbilirubinemia. Pada ultrasonografi (USG) abdomen, ditemukan batu kandung empedu, batu duktus sistikus, dan kolesistitis. Pemeriksaan magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) menunjukkan adanya batu duktus koledokus. Intervensi berupa endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) disertai ekstraksi batu dan kolesistektomi laparoskopik memperbaiki keluhan nyeri perut. Kolelitiasis perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai diagnosis banding keluhan dispepsia.   Cholelithiasis is often encountered in daily practice. Besides biliary colic, cholelithiasis may show atypical manifestations as dyspepsia. This may lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy. This case report reemphasized the importance of careful evaluation of dyspepsia. A 33-year-old woman was admitted with epigastric pain. She was diagnosed with dyspepsia, but proton pump inhibitor (PPI) did not result in any improvement. On physical examination, fever, icteric sclera, and right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness were found. Laboratory examination showed neutrophilia and hyperbilirubinemia. An abdominal ultrasound (USG) examination revealed gallbladder stones, cystic duct stones, and cholecystitis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) examination revealed the presence of stone in the common bile duct. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with stone extraction and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. After the procedure, the abdominal pain improved. Cholelithiasis should be considered a differential diagnosis of dyspepsia.
Tinea Imbrikata pada Dua Saudara Kandung Epifania Fitriana Adna; Rompu Roger Aruan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.317

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Tinea imbrikata (TI) adalah dermatofitosis kronis-kambuhan, bentuk khas dari tinea korporis yang disebabkan oleh Trichophyton concentricum (TC); penyebarannya endemis terbatas di daerah tropis. TI terutama menginfeksi populasi di pedalaman dan terisolasi. Kasus: Dua kasus TI dari satu keluarga, dengan keluhan timbul sisik pada kulit disertai rasa gatal. Diagnosis TI berdasarkan anamnesis, temuan klinis khas dan hasil pemeriksaan KOH 10%. Terapi griseofulvin oral dan miconazole krim 2% dua kali sehari selama enam minggu menghasilkan perbaikan klinis. Introduction: Tinea imbricata (TI) is a chronic-recurrent dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton concentricum (TC), which is endemic in the tropics. TI mainly infects certain indigenous populations in remote and isolated villages. Cases: Two TI cases with family relationship, with skin scaling and itching. Diagnosis is based on anamnesis, typical clinical findings, and 10% KOH examination. Treatment with oral griseofulvin and topical miconazole cream 2% twice daily for six weeks showed good result.  
Peran Diet Ketogenik dalam Tata Laksana Epilepsi Dedyanto Henky Saputra
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.318

Abstract

Sejak diperkenalkan pertama kali pada awal abad 19, penggunaan diet ketogenik dalam terapi epilepsi terus berkembang, khususnya untuk kasus epilepsi yang refrakter terhadap terapi farmakologi. Berbagai mekanisme terkait peran diet ketogenik dalam memperbaiki kondisi epilepsi telah diajukan, mulai keterlibatannya dalam regulasi GABA dan glutamat, efek antioksidan, perbaikan metabolisme energi, hingga koreksi kondisi disbiosis. Diet ketogenik adalah terapi non-farmakologis epilepsi yang menjanjikan, saat ini telah masuk dalam guideline NICE di Inggris untuk kasus epilepsi anak yang resisten terhadap terapi obat anti-epilepsi. Since its introduction in the early 19th century, ketogenic diet for the treatment of epilepsy is still being developed, especially for refractory cases. Various mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from its involvement in GABA and glutamate regulation, antioxidant effects, improvement of energy metabolism, to correction of dysbiosis conditions. Ketogenic diet is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for epilepsy; it has been included in UK NICE guidelines for pharmacologically-resistant pediatric epilepsy cases.  
Pemberian Nutrisi Parenteral pada Bayi dan Anak Laurencia Ardi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.319

Abstract

Malnutrisi didefinisikan sebagai ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan kebutuhan nutrisi. Ketidakseimbangan ini dapat disebabkan karena kebutuhan energi dan protein yang meningkat serta adanya defisiensi mikronutrien. Malnutrisi pada bayi dan anak dapat menyebabkan gangguan tumbuh kembang dan outcome lainnya. Malnutrisi pada anak lebih sering ditemukan pada rawat inap, sedangkan pada bayi lebih sering ditemukan pada bayi prematur. Malnutrisi pada bayi dan anak membutuhkan pemberian nutrisi yang adekuat. Terkadang pemberian nutrisi per oral dan enteral saja tidak cukup, sehingga perlu ditambah atau diganti dengan nutrisi parenteral. Malnutrition is defined as an imbalance between nutritional intake and needs. This imbalance can be caused by increased energy and protein requirements and micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition in infants and children can lead to impaired growth and development and other outcomes. Malnutrition in children is more often found in hospitalization, while in infants it is more often found in premature infants. Malnutrition in infants and children need adequate nutrition; sometimes not adequately provided by oral and enteral nutrition. This condition needs parenteral addition or replacement.  
Efikasi Intervensi Cognitive Behavioral Therapy untuk Kejang Non-Epileptik Psikogenik: Tinjauan Sistematis Ananda Kukuh Adishabri; Kemal Akbar Suryoadji
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 11 (2022): Neurologi
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i11.320

Abstract

Latar Belakang: CIOMS dan WHO memaparkan istilah adverse event following immunization (AEFI), salah satunya kejang non-epileptik psikogenik (PNES). Prognosis PNES umumnya buruk, pilihan pengobatan sering tidak jelas dan jarang dikerjakan. Saat ini sedang dikembangkan psikoterapi sebagai tata laksana PNES, salah satunya cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), namun hanya terdapat sedikit bukti berkaitan dengan keberhasilannya. Tujuan: Mengetahui efikasi intervensi CBT dibandingkan dengan tanpa intervensi CBT pada pasien PNES. Metode: Pencarian literatur menggunakan lima basis data, yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, Proquest, Science Direct, dan WHO Global Research Database on COVID-19. Literatur dipilih berdasarkan kriteria eligibilitas dan kesesuaian artikel serta PICO. Terdapat 2 studi yang terpilih dan ditelaah secara kritis pada laporan ini. Hasil: Center of Evidence Based Medicine dari Oxford University digunakan untuk melakukan telaah kritis komponen validity, importance, dan applicability dari artikel Goldstein LH, et al, (2020) dan LaFrance WC, et al, (2014). Hasil telaah kritis adalah CBT dapat menurunkan frekuensi kejang sebagai gejala psikosomatik dan memperbaiki gejala psikiatrik, kualitas hidup, interaksi sosial, serta global functioning dari pasien kejang non-epileptik psikogenik. Simpulan: Cognitive behavioural therapy memiliki efikasi baik untuk menurunkan frekuensi kejang sebagai gejala psikosomatik dan memperbaiki gejala psikiatrik, kualitas hidup, interaksi sosial, serta global functioning pasien kejang non-epileptik psikogenik.   Background: CIOMS and WHO describe a term called adverse event following immunization (AEFI), among others is psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES). The prognosis of PNES is generally poor; treatment options are often unclear and rarely pursued. Various studies developed psychotherapy as a treatment for PNES, among others is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); but there is little evidence of its success. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of CBT intervention compared to no CBT intervention in PNES patients. Methods: Literature search was done through five databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Proquest, Science Direct, and WHO global research database on COVID- 19. Studies were appraised with PICO based on the eligibility criteria and the suitability of the articles. Two studies were selected and critically appraised in this report. Results: Center of Evidence Based Medicine form Oxford University was used to critically appraise the validity, importance, and applicability. Studies from Goldstein LH, et al, (2020) and LaFrance WC, et al, (2014) were analyzed. The result was CBT can reduce the frequency of seizure as psychosomatic symptom and improve psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, social interactions, and global functioning of patients with PNES. Conclusion: CBT has good efficacy in reducing seizure frequency as psychosomatic symptom and improving psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, social interactions, and global functioning of patients with PNES.  

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