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Munawir Amansyah
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Unified Health Critical Research
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
ISSN : 31090486     EISSN : 31090478     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24252/ucr
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Public Health
Unified Health Critical Research (ISSN 3109-0486 for print and ISSN 3109-0478 for online) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin since 2024. This journal is published biannually, in February and August. Unihealth Critical Research focuses on various aspects of public health, including health policy, health promotion, epidemiology, environmental health, maternal and child health, and disease prevention at the population level. The journal aims to present cutting-edge research, innovations, and the latest scientific findings in public health, grounded in evidence-based approaches and aligned with humanitarian values and health ethics. The journal welcomes original research articles, review papers, and case studies. It serves as a platform for researchers, academics, public health practitioners, policymakers, and professionals involved in managing and delivering public health services, as well as those dedicated to disease prevention and enhancing community well-being.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 49 Documents
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Operational Performance of A Controlled Landfill in Bantaeng, Indonesia: Leachate Management, Odor Nuisance, and Institutional Constraints Amansyah, Munawir; Rahmah, Nur; Az-Ziqra, Aura Annisza; Akmal, Nurfaizah; Alfasyari, Arief; Khaqul, Andi
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 1 (2026): September-February
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i1.65809

Abstract

Municipal solid waste management studies increasingly emphasize landfill upgrading and environmental safeguards, yet limited empirical evidence remains on how controlled landfill operations perform under district-level resource constraints and fluctuating waste inflow, creating a gap in operationally grounded evaluations. This study assesses the operational system and environmental management of TPA Batu Terang, the main final disposal facility in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia, focusing on daily waste inflow dynamics, leachate and landfill gas management, nuisance impacts, social dimensions, and institutional capacity. A qualitative descriptive case study design was applied using field observations and an in-depth semi-structured interview with the Head of the Environmental Agency. Reported waste inflow averaged 27.49 tons/day, periodically increasing to 30–32 tons/day due to routine clean-up programs and increased food and packaging residuals linked to the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) initiative. The facility implements controlled landfill practices with periodic soil cover, supported by a weighbridge and computerized recording that enables semi-annual reporting and improves accountability. Environmental management is strengthened by a leachate collection system and staged multi-pond treatment (intake–facultative–maturation–biofilter), described as operating within capacity. However, methane utilization remains limited and odor persists as the most salient community concern, typically addressed through reactive covering. Key constraints include aging heavy equipment, limited budgets, human resource needs, and suboptimal source separation. Findings imply that phased improvements prioritizing routine cover discipline, equipment maintenance financing, incremental gas control and monitoring, and upstream waste diversion are essential to reduce impacts and support transition toward an integrated final processing facility (TPAS).
Organic Waste Management into Eco-Enzyme and Maggot Feed at A Hotel in Makassar: A Descriptive Qualitative Study Amansyah, Munawir; Syarif, Alwiyah Nur; Putri, Resky Ananda; Amalia, Khairiyah Reski; Fadilah, Siti Mutiah; Nurfadila, Nurfadila
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 1 (2026): September-February
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i1.65810

Abstract

Recent hospitality waste studies increasingly promote circular organic-waste treatment, yet empirical descriptions of how hotels operationalize low-cost bioconversion pathways (eco-enzyme fermentation and black soldier fly/maggot production) in day-to-day routines remain limited, particularly in Eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the management of hotel organic waste into eco-enzyme and maggot feed at Mercure Makassar (Makassar City, Indonesia) using a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected through non-participant observations of kitchen waste flows, in-depth interviews with key hotel personnel (food production, stewarding, housekeeping, engineering, and management), and document review (SOPs, training materials, and relevant local/national regulations). Data were analyzed thematically with iterative coding and triangulation across sources. The findings indicate that the system hinges on (i) source segregation at food-preparation and post-consumption points, (ii) stabilization steps to reduce contamination and odor before processing, (iii) standardized eco-enzyme fermentation using organic residues with sugar/molasses and water ratios commonly reported in the literature (e.g., 1:3:10 or 10:3:1 by weight/volume) and a multi-month maturation period, and (iv) BSF-based bioconversion that rapidly reduces restaurant waste while producing larval biomass and frass as by-products. Implementation is shaped by staff literacy, space constraints, pest-control requirements, and alignment with municipal and national waste-management mandates. Overall, this case demonstrates a feasible, practice-oriented circular pathway for hotels, with implications for SOP development, staff training, and measurable reduction of landfill-bound organic waste in Makassar.
Community-Based Plastic Waste Pyrolysis in Mattiro Ade Village: Converting Waste Into Alternative Fuel Lagu, Abd. Majid HR.; Jastam, Muh. Saleh
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 2 (2026): March-August
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i2.68758

Abstract

Growing interest in plastic waste valorization has highlighted the potential of pyrolysis technology; however, its community-level application remains limited, particularly in rural waste management systems. This community engagement program aimed to strengthen local capacity by implementing pyrolysis technology to convert plastic waste into alternative fuel in Mattiro Ade Village, Pinrang Regency, Indonesia. The program adopted a participatory approach integrating Community-Based Research and Participatory Action Research. Activities included preparation, pyrolysis unit fabrication, operational testing, community outreach, practical training, and transfer of the unit to the local Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Waste Processing Facility. Qualitative evaluation was conducted through participatory observation of community understanding, involvement, and operational readiness. The results showed improved awareness of plastic waste management, active community participation, and adequate readiness among local operators to use the pyrolysis unit. The initiative also demonstrated the feasibility of introducing small-scale pyrolysis within a community-based waste management framework. By linking plastic waste reduction with alternative fuel production, this program offers a practical pathway for strengthening local environmental governance and promoting circular resource use. Further implementation should prioritize technical assistance, routine monitoring, and fuel quality assessment to support operational sustainability and replication in comparable rural communities.
Strategic Evaluation and Analysis of The Pharmacy Logistics Management System at The Tamalate Community Health Center in Makassar City Kahfi, Muhammad; Nildawati, Nildawati; Wahyuddin, Nur Rahmah
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 1 (2026): September-February
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i1.66141

Abstract

Quality primary healthcare services depend heavily on the availability of safe, high-quality, and affordable pharmaceutical preparations. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the pharmaceutical logistics management system at the Tamalate Community Health Center in Makassar City in 2025. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies of managerial instruments such as LPLPO, stock cards, and minutes. Research informants included the Head of the Community Health Center, Pharmaceutical Technical Personnel, and Warehouse Officers. The results show that the Tamalate Community Health Center has implemented a logistics cycle in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation Number 74 of 2016. The planning stage is carried out using the consumption method using the LPLPO application. At the receiving stage, the community health center implements detailed physical verification per item although it does not use formal minutes for each transaction. Storage has implemented the FEFO and FIFO principles, supported by daily temperature monitoring, although limited warehouse space poses a physical challenge. Distribution is carried out systematically to service units, with challenges in real-time data integration. This study recommends strengthening the digitalization of stock management and optimizing storage infrastructure to ensure the efficiency of the drug supply chain in the digital health era.
Operational Phase–Resolved HIRARC Framework for Occupational Pesticide Risk Characterization and Mitigation Basri, Syahrul
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 1 (2026): September-February
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i1.66272

Abstract

The use of pesticides in the agricultural sector plays a critical role in supporting food security; however, it simultaneously poses substantial risks to human health and the environment. This article aims to analyze occupational risks associated with pesticide use among farmers using the HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) framework. Through a structured literature review and synthesis of four case studies, the findings indicate that pesticide exposure generates physical, chemical, biological, and environmental hazards with risk levels ranging from moderate to very high. These risks are exacerbated by inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), limited occupational safety training, and substandard working conditions. The reviewed evidence demonstrates chronic health impacts, including decreased cholinesterase enzyme activity, elevated heavy metal concentrations in farmers’ biological samples, and high dermal exposure levels during pesticide mixing and loading activities. The analysis further identifies critical exposure nodes linked to specific work phases, underscoring the importance of activity-based risk characterization in informal agricultural settings. To address these challenges, this article proposes a field-activity-based HIRARC scenario as a practical analytical tool for systematic risk evaluation in small-scale and informal farming systems. Effective risk control requires a holistic intervention strategy encompassing safety education, improved access to certified PPE, regulatory reinforcement, and community-based as well as technology-supported approaches.
Development of Indonesian Language-Based Health Education Media to Improve Community Knowledge on Hypertension Prevention Sabriadi, Ririn; Asrar As; Jusriani, Rini; Mukty, Ma’rifat Istiqa; Jaya, Arianti Indah
Unihealth Community Research Vol 1 No 2 (2025): March-August
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v1i2.70986

Abstract

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Low public knowledge regarding hypertension risk factors and prevention remains one of the barriers to effective disease control. The development of Indonesian-based health education media is needed to improve community health literacy through the delivery of easily understandable health information. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method to develop Indonesian-based health education media in the form of leaflets, posters, and digital infographics on hypertension prevention. The research stages included needs analysis, media design, development, expert validation, and community trials. Validation was conducted by content experts, media experts, and language experts using a Likert scale instrument. The effectiveness of the media was measured by assessing changes in knowledge using a pre-test and post-test design. The validation results showed that the developed educational media obtained an average feasibility score of 94.0%, categorized as highly feasible. The trial results demonstrated an improvement in community knowledge, with the proportion of respondents in the good knowledge category increasing from 35% to 80%, while the moderate and poor knowledge categories decreased. In conclusion, Indonesian-based health education media is effective in improving community knowledge regarding hypertension prevention and can be utilized as a community-based health promotion medium.
Efforts to Increase Public Knowledge About Waste Management in Panyangkalang Hamlet Syahrir, Sukfitrianty; Rusmin, Rusmin; Rosmini, Rosmini; Faza, Anifa Tadzlila; Makhmudi, Nurfaidah; Aswadi, Aswadi
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 2 (2026): March-August
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i2.65646

Abstract

Unsafe household waste management is still an environmental health problem in Indonesia, especially the practice of burning waste which has the potential to cause air pollution and health problems. In Panyangkalang Hamlet, Belabori Village, Parangloe District, Gowa Regency, most of the people still burn garbage as the main method of disposal. This activity aims to increase public knowledge about proper waste management through health counseling. The method used is a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-test post-test approach. The intervention was carried out in the form of counseling for 10–20 minutes to 15 participants, with knowledge measurement using structured questionnaires before and after the counseling. The results showed an increase in knowledge scores from an average of 60.67% in the pre-test to 81.33% in the post-test. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank statistical test showed a significant difference between the score before and after the intervention (p = 0.002). These findings show that health counseling is effective in increasing public knowledge about proper waste management. It is hoped that this increase in knowledge can encourage changes in people's behavior towards safer and more sustainable waste management practices.
Digital Epidemiology and AI-Driven Disease Surveillance: Transforming Public Health in the Post-Pandemic Era Muchsin, Wachyudi; Setiawati, Dewi; Sophan, Alfi
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 2 (2026): March-August
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i2.66311

Abstract

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed an unprecedented acceleration in the adoption of digital epidemiology and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven disease surveillance systems globally. Digital epidemiology harnesses non-traditional data streams—including social media analytics, mobile health applications, internet search trends, and satellite imagery—to augment conventional public health monitoring frameworks. This review critically evaluates the transformative impact of these technological innovations on public health practice in the post-pandemic era. We systematically examine the theoretical underpinnings, technological architectures, and real-world applications of AI-driven surveillance platforms, including machine learning-based outbreak prediction models, natural language processing systems for infodemic management, and geospatial modeling tools for epidemic mapping. Evidence synthesized from peer-reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2025 demonstrates that AI-integrated surveillance systems substantially reduce outbreak detection latency by 30–60% compared to traditional sentinel surveillance mechanisms. However, persistent challenges remain, including algorithmic bias, digital divide inequities, data privacy concerns, and interoperability limitations across heterogeneous health information systems. The review underscores the imperative for robust governance frameworks, equitable data infrastructure investment, and multi-sectoral partnerships to realize the full transformative potential of digital epidemiology. Recommendations for policymakers, public health practitioners, and technology developers are provided to guide the responsible integration of AI-driven surveillance into national and global health security architectures.
Empowering Handwashing Behavior with Soap in Early Childhood at Kindergarten Al Azhar, Nurul Afisyah; Susilawaty, Andi; Aswadi, Aswadi
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 2 (2026): March-August
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i2.66579

Abstract

Handwashing with soap (HWWS) is a fundamental component of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior that plays a crucial role in preventing infectious diseases, particularly among early childhood populations. However, the implementation of proper handwashing behavior in kindergarten-aged children remains limited due to insufficient knowledge, skills, and habitual practices. This community service activity aimed to improve HWWS behavior among children aged 5–6 years through a media-based health empowerment approach at TK Negeri Bonto, Sinjai Tengah District. A participatory health education method was applied, incorporating demonstrations, hands-on practice, and interactive learning using a six-step handwashing puzzle. Behavioral evaluation was conducted using a pre-test and post-test observational design. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in children’s handwashing behavior following the intervention, indicated by an increased proportion of children classified in the good behavior category and the elimination of poor behavior classification. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention behaviors (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that media-based empowerment interventions are effective in enhancing handwashing behavior among early childhood students and have the potential to support sustainable healthy behavior practices within school settings.
Environmental Health Risk Analysis of SO₂ and NO₂ Exposure in Communities Near Cement Industrial Areas: A Case Study of PT. Semen Tonasa, Pangkajene Kepulauan Regency Radjiman, Evi Aprianti; Daud, Anwar; Ibrahim, Erniwati
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 2 (2026): March-August
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i2.69342

Abstract

Background: The cement industry is a major source of Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) emissions that potentially pose health risks to surrounding communities. PT. Semen Tonasa, located in Pangkajene Kepulauan (Pangkep) Regency, is one of the largest cement industries in Eastern Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to analyze environmental health risks from SO₂ and NO₂ exposure and map the spatial distribution of risk among communities residing near PT. Semen Tonasa industrial area. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. Ambient air quality was measured at 8 locations (Ring 1 villages) using Volume Air Sampler with Impinger. A total of 160 respondents (80 adults aged 26–45 years and 80 children aged 6–12 years) were recruited through purposive sampling. Exposure parameters included SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations, inhalation rate, body weight, exposure frequency, and real-time and lifetime exposure durations. Spatial patterns were analyzed using ArcGIS with overlay and buffer methods. Results: The highest SO₂ concentration was found in Bontoa Village (51.3 µg/m³) and the highest NO₂ in Samalewa Village (46.2 µg/m³), both below national standards. Real-time Risk Quotient (RQ) values indicated that all child respondents were not at risk (RQ<1), while some adult respondents in Bontoa and Samalewa showed risk for SO₂ and NO₂ exposure. Lifetime projections showed increasing risk with exposure duration. Spatial patterns revealed risk concentration within 1–3 km from the industrial center. Conclusion: Although ambient SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations have not exceeded quality standards, there are indications of long-term health risks for adults residing in the zone closest to emission sources. Regular monitoring and implementation of community-based risk management are needed

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