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Contact Mailing Address Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna Marindal 1, Pasar IV Jl. Karya Gg. Anugerah Kecamatan. Patumbak, Medan - Sumatera Utara
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INDONESIA
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Published by Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2986769X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.54209/hikmat.v2i01
Core Subject : Religion, Education,
Religion Education Other
Aims and Scope Hikmat : Jurnal agama kristen Adapun dengan lingkup kajian penelitian adalah: Teologi Sistematika-Konstruktif Teologi Biblikal-Kontekstual Pelayanan Digital dan Internet of Things Teologi dan Religiositas Pelayanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Gereja Pendidikan Kristiani Gereja, Misi, dan Masyarakat
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 19 Documents
 1   2 
Biblical-Contextual Theology: Narrative Hermeneutics for Contemporary Social Issues f, sir alex
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i02.461

Abstract

This study develops and tests a Biblical-Contextual Theologyframework based on narrative hermeneutics to respond tocontemporary social issues in Indonesian urban congregations. Startingfrom the assumption that the Bible is a big story that shapes theimagination of faith and the ethos of praxis, the study formulates a fivestep“Narrative-to-Action” protocol: (1) mapping the text’s storyworld(plot, tension, symbols, resolution), (2) identifying key motifs (e.g.,Exodus, Jubilee, Body of Christ, Incarnation), (3) critical dialogue withlocal social narratives, (4) co-designing ecclesiological responses(liturgy, catechesis, diakonia, digital communication), and (5)implementation-evaluation. The mixed-methods design (dominantlyqualitative) includes textual study, interviews/FGDs, digitalethnography, and a pre-post survey of the Congregation NarrativeTransformation Scale (TNJ) in three pilot congregations. Results showan average pre-post increase of approximately 0.4–0.5 points (scale 1–5) on three TNJ constructs—public theological imagination, ethicaldisposition, and practical participation—strengthened by qualitativethemes: (a) Exodus as a framework for economic liberation (microloanrestructuring), (b) Jubilee as an imagination ofrestoration/redistribution, (c) Body of Christ for digital inclusion &literacy, and (d) Incarnation for hybrid pastoral closeness. The noveltylies in the Narrative Mapping Matrix (NPN) that links story elementsto levers of social change (actors, structures, public imagination,practices, policies) along with its evaluation metrics. The findingsconfirm that narrative hermeneutics combined with a participatoryprocess can operationally bridge the text-context gap and producemeasurable practical changes. Limitations include the moderate samplesize and duration of the intervention; further studies are recommendedto extend the period, expand the locations, and add objective outcomeindicators. This research provides an applicable model for churches,Christian educators, and public servants in designing just, inclusive,and relevant community policies.
Systematic-Constructive Theology: Formulating a Contextual Christology in the Era of Disruption riris, duma
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i02.462

Abstract

The era of disruption—marked by digitalization/AI and the ecologicalcrisis—demands a reconstruction of Christology that is both faithful toScripture and relevant to the practice of the Indonesian church. Thisstudy formulates a contextual Christology model based on systematicconstructivetheology by combining narrative-theological exegesis (theaxis of the Incarnation, Cross-Resurrection, Kingdom of God), traditionstudies (creeds, councils, Asian theology), and digital-liturgicalethnography in urban/suburban congregations (participantobservation, online liturgical/catechetical artifacts, and semistructuredinterviews). The analysis was conducted abductivelythrough three phases: descriptive (thick description), correlational(open-axial coding connecting findings with the loci of creation–sin–redemption–church–eschatology), and constructive (formulation oftheological propositions and derivation of operational principles). Theresult is a Christology–disruption–loci correlation matrix that ties“digital-incarnation,” “ecological-cross,” and “public-kingdom” into apraxis rubric: an incarnation-oriented hybrid liturgical design, a digitalcatechetical curriculum focused on student attention/affection, arhythm of digital asceticism (notification sabbath/fasting), antidisinformationliteracy, and ecological diaconia protocols (urbanfarming, green space restoration). The evaluation shows strong biblicalfidelity and systematic coherence, medium–strong contextualadequacy, and high practical applicability. This study presents aconfessio → constructio → conversio architecture that can be replicatedacross congregations, rejects the private-public dichotomy, and affirmsthe confession of “Jesus Christ is Lord” as the foundation of ecclesialtransformation in Indonesia’s digital-ecological space.
Pneumatologi Publik: Peran Roh Kudus dalam Transformasi Sosial Kontemporer sinaga, ricardo
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i02.463

Abstract

Abstrak — Era disrupsi—ditandai digitalisasi, polarisasi sosial, dan krisis ekologi—menuntut artikulasi Pneumatologi Publik yang menjembatani pengakuan iman tentang Roh Kudus dengan transformasi sosial yang terukur. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model Presence–Power–Praxis (kehadiran–daya/karisma–praktik sosial) yang dipetakan pada tiga tingkat ruang publik (mikro–meso–makro). Desain riset kualitatif-konstruktif memadukan theological interpretation atas teks-teks pneumatologis, telaah tradisi gereja, etnografi digital-liturgis pada 3–5 jemaat urban/suburban, wawancara semi-terstruktur (25–35 narasumber), lokakarya partisipatif, serta pembacaan ringkas dokumen kebijakan lokal. Analisis abduktif-tematik berlangsung dalam empat fase: deskriptif (thick description), korelasional (pemetaan Presence–Power–Praxis × mikro–meso–makro), konstruktif (perumusan proposisi dan SOP/rubrik operasional), dan evaluatif (member checking dan pilot 6–8 minggu). Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan partisipasi ibadah/formasi, penurunan insiden disinformasi di kanal jemaat, serta kenaikan kebersertaan (indikator 0–1) setelah penerapan rubrik kehadiran inkarnasional, toolkit literasi digital profetis (verifikasi tiga langkah), dashboard transparansi, dan SOP diakonia hijau (mis. urban farming). Evaluasi mengindikasikan kesetiaan biblika dan koherensi sistematik yang kuat, kecukupan kontekstual menengah–kuat (perlu uji di konteks pedesaan/minoritas), serta keberlakuan praksis tinggi. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa “karisma” dapat diterjemahkan menjadi commons—modal sosial, tata kelola terbuka, dan layanan publik—sehingga gereja mampu menghadirkan karya Roh Kudus secara nyata, akuntabel, dan inklusif di ruang publik Indonesia. Kerangka ini menyediakan fondasi konseptual sekaligus perangkat operasional yang replikatif untuk pembaruan ciptaan dan pemerdekaan kehidupan sosial. Top of Form Bottom of Form ChatGPT can
Soteriology in the Midst of the Climate Crisis: A Systematic- Constructive Approach to Cosmic Reconciliation panggabean, Alex
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i02.464

Abstract

The climate crisis demands a reconstruction of soteriology that goesbeyond individual justification to a cosmic reconciliation that touchesthe body, community, and creation. This study formulates a systematicconstructivesoteriological framework that binds various models ofsalvation—forensic, participatory/representative, Christus Victor,recapitulation (Irenaeus), theosis, and paschal ecology—across loci(creation–sin–redemption–ecclesiology–eschatology) and down to thedomains of liturgy–formation–diakonia–advocacy. The qualitativeconstructiveresearch design combines theological interpretation (Col1:15–20; Rom 8), tradition studies, congregational ethnography(observation of worship, liturgical artifacts, purposive interviews), andreading of local policies/ecologies. The abductive-thematic analysistakes place in stages: descriptive (thick description), correlational(model × loci × practice matrix), constructive (formulation ofpropositions & operational rubrics), and evaluative (member checkingand 6–8 week pilot).Results show increased participation in worship/formation, decreasedhousehold carbon footprint (tCO₂e/quarter), increase insorted/recycled waste, and expansion of green space/communitycompost after the implementation of ecological paschal liturgy(lament–confess–commit flow), sabbatical economic catechesis, carbonfasting/digital-consumption sabbath, and green diaconia SOP (urbanfarming, waste bank) tied to a micro-policy brief at the village level. Theevaluation confirms strong biblical fidelity and systematic coherence,medium–strong contextual adequacy, and high practical applicability.This study concludes that soteriology structured as cosmicreconciliation provides a conceptual foundation and replicableoperational tools for the church to take a real part in the renewal ofcreation in the era of climate crisis.
A Contextual Interpretation of the Book of Micah: Social Justice and Marginalized People in Indonesia Kurniawan, Dodi
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i01.465

Abstract

This study interprets the Book of Micah contextually to formulate a public ethics relevant to social justice in Indonesia, particularly for marginalized groups such as indigenous communities, urban informal workers, coastal communities, and religious minorities. Using a qualitative design-Using an interpretive approach with an abductive flow, the research combines exegesis (Micah 2:1–5; 3:1–12; 6:6–8; 7:1–7) and socio-policy analysis of Indonesia (2015–2025) through open/thematic/axial coding, source triangulation, and the frameworks of liberation theology, postcolonial hermeneutics, and public theology. The results demonstrate Micah's three ethical axes—doing justice,ḥesed (loyalty/solidarity), and humility before God—resonate with issues of land grabbing, judicial corruption, unequal access to basic services, and the crisis of leadership integrity. The research's main contribution is the development of a Theological-Policy Translation Matrix that links exegetical findings with policy issues, key actors, practical recommendations (e.g., legal aid clinics, customary-based mediation, open budget forums, citizen education), and evaluation indicators (accountability, participation, inclusiveness). The findings confirm thatḥESD does not stop at individual compassion, but rather demands a just and auditable social architecture. Limitations of the study include the illustrative nature of the data and the need for policy updates. Moving forward, the development of Micah's cross-sector justice indicators and longitudinal testing of intervention effectiveness are recommended to strengthen the transformative impact of prophetic interpretation in Indonesian public practice.
The Psalms of Lament and the Mental Health of the Congregation: A Biblical-Pastoral Approach Adi, Ilham
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i01.466

Abstract

This study tested the effectiveness of operationalizing the Psalms of Lament as a trauma-sensitive biblical-pastoral intervention for congregational mental health. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design with a convergent embedded model, the study was conducted with two groups of congregations (intervention vs. passive control) during 4–6 structured lament liturgy sessions that included: (1) invocation and naming of grief, (2) petition/protest of faith, (3) remembrance of God's faithfulness, and (4) communal closure. Primary indicators were measured using the anxiety-depression summary scale (PHQ-4), while secondary indicators included spiritual hope and communal connectedness (Likert scale 1–5). Qualitative data were obtained from lament journals, facilitator notes, and interviews/FGDs, then analyzed thematically and integrated into quantitative findings through joint displays. Results showed a greater reduction in psychological symptoms in the intervention group compared to the control group, accompanied by an increase in spiritual hope and a sense of communal connectedness. The effect size for the comparison of changes between groups was moderate, and no serious adverse events were observed; adherence (≥4 sessions) was associated with greater improvement. Qualitative analysis confirmed two key mechanisms: a safe space for naming difficult emotions and a repositioning of the meaning of suffering within the horizon of faith through remembrance of God's faithfulness. These findings confirm the legitimacy of lament liturgy as a healing worship practice that can be inculturated in the Indonesian context across denominations. Limitations include the non-randomized design, community sample size, and reliance on self-report. Further research with group/congregation-level randomization and longer follow-up is recommended to strengthen causal inferences.
Smart Church: IoT Architecture for Prayer Discipline, Togetherness, and Data Security Gurning, Lisdawati
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i01.467

Abstract

This research designs and evaluates an edge-centric, local-first IoT-based Smart Church architecture that supports three pillars: prayer discipline, togetherness, and data security/privacy. The method used is mixed-methods engineering + field evaluation with a stepped-wedge design in two church communities for 8 weeks. The system layer includes devices (occupancy, prayer intention buttons, NFC/QR), an edge gateway with store-and-forward (MQTT/CoAP), an event-driven service platform (RBAC/ABAC), and a congregational application/servant dashboard. Technical indicators (p95 latency, uptime, message loss), security/privacy (incidents, time-to-patch, consent opt-in), and socio-spiritual (per capita prayer check-ins, cell group participation, Likert-type perception of togetherness) are measured periodically; qualitative data from interviews/FGDs are analyzed thematically and integrated through a joint display. Pilot results demonstrated consistent technical improvements (decreased p95 latency and message loss, increased uptime), improved prayer discipline (increased weekly check-ins) and togetherness (higher cell participation and togetherness scores), and strengthened security/privacy (fewer incidents, faster time-to-patch, and increased opt-in consent). Qualitative findings confirmed that privacy-conscious ethical nudging and data flow transparency build congregational trust without forcing compliance. Practical implications include the adoption of an edge + store-and-forward pattern with p95 latency/uptime-based SLOs, RBAC/ABAC integration according to church roles, and periodic patching and configuration audit cycles. Limitations of the study include the short time horizon and limited community scale; further research is recommended with longer durations, cluster randomization, and exploration of privacy-preserving analytics (e.g., differential/federated) to ensure that spiritual-communal benefits remain aligned with the dignity and confidentiality of the congregation.
Digital Ministry and IoT: Hybrid Liturgy, Sensors, and the Presence of Faith in Cyberspace Siregar, Dumaria
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i01.468

Abstract

The transformation of church services into the digital realm has led to the emergence of hybrid liturgies that combine offline and cyberspace gatherings. This study designed and evaluated a privacy-by-design Internet of Things (IoT) architecture with edge processing to support pastoral decision-making based on non-intrusive participation metrics. Using a mixed-methods approach combined with Design Science Research, the study was conducted with two groups (intervention vs. comparison) over four weeks. Artifacts developed included the placement of environmental and occupancy sensors, the formulation of a Liturgical Participation Index (LIP) (vocal, kinesthetic, attentional, and communal dimensions), and a pastoral dashboard displaying only anonymized aggregates. Results showed an increase in LIP in the intervention group of Δ16 points (60→76) compared to the comparison group (Δ3 points), with the most significant increases in the vocal and communal dimensions. SUS scores were above the threshold of eligibility (≥68), and the perception of “faith presence” post-implementation was higher in the intervention group. In addition, the median CO₂lower at the intervention site, indicating greater environmental comfort and consistent with increased attention. These findings reinforce the concept of distributed sacramental presence, namely the presence of faith as heart-directed and bodily participation mediated by technology yet rooted in liturgical practice. This study recommends a phased implementation with low-risk sensors, sensor-aware liturgical cues, a streamlined dashboard, and strict consent and anonymization SOPs. Limitations include the four-week duration and aggregate sample size; further longitudinal research is recommended.
Christian Digital Literacy: A Preschool-Teen Learning Model for Faith Formation in the 4.0 Era Darmawan, Diki
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v3i01.470

Abstract

The 4.0 era places early childhood to adolescence in a digital ecosystem that shapes mindsets, habits, and practices of faith. This study developed and tested a cross-level Christian Digital Literacy Model (PAUD–SMA) based on a spiral curriculum that integrates four pillars: (1) digital competencies (access, analysis, creation, collaboration), (2) practical theology with a biblical narrative lens (creation–fall–redemption–restoration), (3) digital spiritual disciplines (short prayers, digital sabbaths, media examinations), and (4) compassionate digital citizenship. Using a mixed-methods approach within a Design-Based Research framework (co-design → prototype → pilot → randomized quasi-experimental field test per class), data were collected through literacy/disposition/practice scales, situational tests, digital artifact rubrics, fidelity observations, LMS logs, and FGDs/reflective journals. Results indicate significant improvements in cognitive (faith-based digital literacy), affective (compassion, discourse civility, citation honesty), and practical (digital sabbath habits and media examination), with medium to high effect sizes for cognitive and medium for affective–practical. Micro-liturgical practices served as habitus-forming mechanisms that sustained habit retention into short-term follow-up, while home–school–church collaboration strengthened the transfer of virtues to contexts beyond the classroom. Artifacts/portfolios demonstrated improvements in content quality, honest citations, and compassionate counter-speech practices. The research concludes that digital spaces are effectively positioned as spaces for faith formation, not simply distribution channels. The resulting model, assessment tools, and parenting guidance are ready for replication with contextual adaptations, while regular reinforcement sessions and longitudinal studies are recommended to assess the resilience of habits in the medium to long term.
Digital Liturgy and the Discernment of the Spirit: A Theological Framework for AI-Based Worship in Urban Indonesian Congregations Siregar, Pangihutan
Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen Vol. 2 No. 01 (2024): Hikmat : Jurnal Agama Kristen
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/hikmat.v2i01.471

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents both challenges and opportunities for church life, especially in the context of increasingly digital urban congregations. This article aims to develop a theological framework for digital liturgy and the discernment of the Spirit in the context of AI-based worship in Indonesia. Through a practical theological approach and contextual reflection, this study analyzes how AI can function as a liturgical tool without obscuring the spiritual, relational, and incarnational dimensions of Christian worship. Digital liturgy is understood not simply as a technological adaptation but also as a new space for the presence of the Holy Spirit that transcends physical boundaries and digital media. By referring to the concept of imago Dei in creation and pneumatological theology of the Spirit's presence, this article emphasizes the importance of spiritual discernment (discernment of spirits) so that the church does not lose its transcendence and community aspects in utilizing technology. The results of the study indicate that AI-based liturgy can be a legitimate and contextual form of worship if supported by critical, ethical, and pneumatological theological awareness. These findings pave the way for the development of a digital theology relevant to the Indonesian urban church in the era of artificial intelligence.

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