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Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Published by Candela Edutech Indonesia
ISSN : 31092225     EISSN : 30907403     DOI : https://doi.org/10.63288/ciej.v1i2
Core Subject : Engineering,
Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Transportation
✨ Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science ✨ Electrical and Electronics Engineering ✨ Civil and Structural Engineering ✨ Chemical and Process Engineering ✨ Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Technologies ✨ Industrial Engineering and Management ✨ Renewable Energy and Power Systems ✨ Nanotechnology and Advanced Manufacturing ✨ Metallurgical Engineering ✨ Geology and Mining Engineering ✨ Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology ✨ Technology and Engineering ✨ Textile Engineering
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Corrosion Resistance of Ternary Zr-Ti-Cu Alloy for Dental Implant Application in Ringer Lactate Solution Contamined with Ulcer Medicine Dinanthi, Talitha Ratna; Syuryana, Ekha Panji; Prajitno, Djoko Hadi
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.1

Abstract

Implanted material is one of the solutions to overcome damage or the function of human organs. The many needs about implants or biomaterials make researchers continue to conduct various studies. One criterion as an implant material is that having good corrosion resistance so it does not have rejection from the body. This research aims to determine the corrosion behavior of Zr-Ti-Cu implant material in Lactated Ringer's solution. The Zr-Ti-Cu implant material uses a variation of 1% and 3% Cu content synthesized by the melting process using a Single Arc Melting Furnace with an atmospheric environment of argon. The results were characterized using an optical microscope and Vickers test equipment. Corrosion behavior of the Zr-Ti-Cu implant using a potentiostat with the Tafel polarization method in a Ringer's Lactated solution and Ringer’s Lactate solution that added with ulcer potion 10 mL. From the results of characterization with optical microscopy and XRD showed phases α-Zr and α-Ti, and intermetallic compounds Zr2Cu and Ti2Cu. Increasing Cu content can increase the hardness value so it has a hardness value between 528-619 HV. The addition of ulcer potion increases the corrosivity level of Ringer’s lactate solution. Corrosion resistance increased from 2,140 mpy to 1,571 mpy in Ringer's Lactate solution and from 2,060 mpy to 1,492 mpy in Ringer's Lactate solution with ulcer potion due to the addition of Cu in the alloy.
Utilization Of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottoni) And Avocado Seeds (Persea americana) For Making Capsules Ashar, Husnaini; Ummu Kalsum
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.2

Abstract

Capsules are solid preparations consist of the drug in a soluble hard or soft shell. Capsules are generally made by gelatin, it can also be starch or other suitable ingredients. The manufacture of capsules can be derived from seaweed in terms of abundance which can be used as raw material for making natural and halal capsules. Polysaccharide-based seaweed contains sodium, magnesium and calcium which are bound to sulfate ester groups. In addition, avocado seeds also have the potential with 80.1% starch content. The stages in the research are processing seaweed to be carrageenan, making avocado seed flour and making capsules.The carrageenan that produced according the FAO (Food agriculture Organization) standards including moisture, ash, viscosity, gel strength and heavy metals. This study has combined the ratio between avocado seeds and seaweed with a ratio of 1: 1; 1: 2; 1: 3, 2: 1; 2: 2; 2:3; 3: 1, 3: 2; 3: 3. The capsules obtained have a moisture content ranging from 14- 31%. Total Plate Figures (ALT) indicate the number of microbes in a productaccording with SNI 7388: 2009. For the tensile strength have the high tensile strength is ratio avocado seeds and seaweed (2: 3), while the high modulus young is a ratio of 1: 1. Therefore, the raw material for capsules from seaweed and avocado seeds effects the characteristics of the capsules and can be use as natural and halal capsules to replace gelatin.
Effect of Fermentation Duration on the Carbon-to-Nitrogen (C/N) Ratio of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Produced from Dami Jackfruit Waste Using Coconut Husk-Based Bioactivator Fitriah, Fitra; Saleha, Sitti
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.3

Abstract

Market and household waste are significant contributors to urban pollution, leading to health issues and a decline in city aesthetics. One of the most commonly found market wastes is jackfruit dami waste. This study aims to evaluate the effect of bioactivator addition on the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and to determine the optimal composting duration for achieving a favorable C/N value. The bioactivator (MOL) was prepared using 300 g of coconut fiber and 5 L of coconut water, fermented for two weeks with stirring every three days to release gas. Molasses was prepared by dissolving 1 kg of granulated sugar in 1000 mL of distilled water (1:1 ratio). The jackfruit dami waste was shredded, weighed, and mixed with distilled water, molasses, and MOL at varying concentrations (5%, 11%, and 17% v/w). The composting process was carried out in sealed plastic containers for 9 to 24 days, with stirring every three days. The composted materials were then analyzed for organic carbon and nitrogen content to determine the C/N ratio. The results showed that the highest C/N ratio of 7.18% was obtained on day 24 with a 11% MOL concentration. However, based on the standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture for liquid organic fertilizers, the C/N ratio obtained in this study did not meet the required specifications.
An Innovative Herbal Hair Tonic Derived from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extract Rahman, Nur Afanin; Humaerah, Sadhilah
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.4

Abstract

The rising demand for natural and eco-friendly personal care  products has driven innovation in plant-based formulations. Portulaca species, rich in bioactive compounds, are potential candidates for use in hair tonic products due to their hair growth-promoting  properties. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical content of two Portulaca species and evaluate the effects of extract concentration on hair tonic formulation quality; Methods or process: The research was conducted at the Research Laboratory of FTI-UMI and involved several steps: sample preparation, extraction using the Soxhlet method, qualitative phytochemical analysis, formulation of hair tonic, and testing of pH, viscosity, density, and organoleptic properties; Results: The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active compounds beneficial for hair care. Among the formulations, Portulaca oleracea L. extract in Formulation 1 demonstrated the most suitable characteristics, with a pH of 4.13, fulfilling the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for cosmetic products. Similarly, Portulaca grandiflora H. extract in Formulation 1 exhibited acceptable quality with a pH of 4.25; Conclusion: The study highlights the innovative potential of Portulaca-based hair tonics as environmentally friendly alternatives in the cosmetic industry. These findings support the development of sustainable herbal products with scientifically proven efficacy.
Pyrolysis Effects of Coconut Shell and Wood Waste on Charcoal Characteristics as Biobriquette Raw Material Rifaldy, Dhifal Dui; Efri Mardawati; Yazid Bindar; Desy Nurliasari
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.5

Abstract

Coconut shell charcoal has been widely produced as a raw material for biobriquette production. This cause effect on an increase of coconut shell price as a raw material for charcoal production. Wood waste is one of the easier and cheaper biomass to be obtained than coconut shell. However, the quality of charcoal produced from wood waste need to be compared to be used as a substitute of coconut shell. This study aims to discover the effect of pyrolysis as a carbonisation process on coconut shell, wood waste, and a mixture of both biomass on the quality of charcoal produced including yield, proximate analysis, lignocellulose analysis, and calorific value. A completely randomized design was used in this study by taking into account two influencing factors, including the type of sample (biomass sample and charcoal sample) and the type of biomass (coconut shell, wood waste, and a mixture of both). Pyrolysis was carried out at 550℃ for 120 minutes. Pyrolysis of biomass and different types of biomass have giving effects on the characteristics of the biomass and charcoal produced. The results of the analysis showed that the type of coconut shell biomass and a mixture of the two biomasses produced charcoal that qualified on standards. The results of the analysis concluded that charcoal made from a mixture of coconut shell and wood waste could be a solution to substitute charcoal made from coconut shell only.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Copper Deposits in Samaenre Village, Tonra Sub-District, Bone District, South Sulawesi Province Wakila, Muhamad Hardin; Heriansyah, Andi Fahdli; Rizky Nurul Aulia; Muhaimin, Al
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.8

Abstract

Samaenre Village has supergene copper mineralisation in rocks of the Kalamiseng Formation and geographically adjacent to diorite intrusions. The mineralisation outcrops are associated with alteration that changes the volcanic rocks of the Kalamiseng Formation. Previously, research was conducted on the characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and its alteration type in the Tonra area of Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. However, the research did not specifically examine the types of copper ore minerals and their associations and did not determine the copper content at the research location. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of copper ore minerals, associated minerals and copper  content in samples in the study area. The analytical method used in this research is first carried out megaskopis analysis to determine the physical properties of the sample. After that, laboratory analyses of mineragraphy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were carried out. The results of megascopic analysis of the two research samples have a fresh blue colour and a fresh green colour with a brown weathered colour, there are calcite minerals and also tend to oxidise. Copper ore minerals found based on Mineragraphy and XRD analysis are Cuprorhodsite (CuFeRh2S4), Auricuprite (Cu3Au), Tenorite (CuO), Cuprite (Cu2O). The associated minerals found based on the results of Mineragraphy and XRD analysis are Cupalite (Al5Cu5), Diopside (CaMgSi2O6), Siderite (FeCO3), and Diopside (CaMgSi206). The copper (Cu) content in samples from the study area based on AAS analysis results ranged from 0.11 % to 0.17 % Cu
Discrete Simulation Model Development for Enhancing the Efficiency of Seaweed Production Processes at PT. IHFIM Fole, Asrul; Safitri, Khoerun Nisa; Riska Iva Riana; Nurul Aini
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.6

Abstract

This study focuses on improving the efficiency of seaweed production at PT. IHFIM through the development of a discrete event simulation model. The production system includes several main stages such as Pre-Treatment, Initial Rinse, Quality Check, Thermal Drying, Disinfection, and Final Blending. Field observation and actual production data were used to build the simulation model using ProModel software. Model verification was done through running simulations, and validation was conducted statistically using a t-test, confirming that the simulation outputs were consistent with actual conditions. The analysis identified two bottlenecks in the system: Pre-Treatment with 12.88% blocked time and Initial Rinse with 11.60% blocked time. To address these issues, two improvement scenarios were tested. Scenario 1 added an extra tank to the Pre-Treatment stage, which successfully reduced the blockage to 0%. Scenario 2 introduced additional buffer capacity at the Initial Rinse and Quality Check stages, resulting in a 4% reduction in blockage. The results show that increasing capacity at key points can improve material flow and reduce delays. This study concludes that discrete simulation is an effective method for identifying bottlenecks and evaluating operational improvements in agro-industrial production systems
Effect of Drum Rotation Speed on Magnetic Separation Efficiency for Iron Grade Improvement of Galesong Beach Iron Sand Takalar Regency Suriyanto Bakri; Mubdiana Arifin; Aldi Suryadi; Arif Nurwaskito; Firdaus
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.9

Abstract

Iron sand is a deposit along the coast formed from the weathering of rocks containing iron minerals, such as in Galesong Beach, Takalar, South Sulawesi. Its utilization is still minimal due to the lack of knowledge of its content and properties, so it is necessary to increase the content to obtain optimal recovery before being processed into useful products. This study aims to analyze the geochemistry of iron sand with XRF and XRD, determine the optimal recovery, and the best drum rotation speed on a magnetic separator for its processing. The method of increasing the content of iron sand uses magnetic concentration. The results of the XRD analysis show that the iron sand sample is composed of minerals such as Orthoclase (KALSi3O8), Magnetite (Fe3O4), Quartz (SiO2), Iron ore (Fe2O3), Kaolinite (Al2O9Si2). The results of the XRF analysis have Fe2O3 = 23.40%, SiO2 = 38.38%, Al2O3 = 25.92%, CaO = 7.16 %, TiO2 = 2.60 %, and K2O, MnO, V2O5, Cr2O3, ZrO, SrO, ZnO, P2O5 each below 1%. The iron ore (Fe2O3) content of the concentrate product at each drum rotation speed is 45.11 %, 43.06 % and 64.16 % with recovery values of 75.19 %, 69.18 % and 97.16 %. The percentage of Fe2O3 content and the most optimal recovery rate are obtained at a rotation speed of 600 rpm
Optimizing Banana Chips Production Planning in MSMEs Through the Goal Programming Approach Herdianzah, Yan; Wahyuni P, A. Dwi; Citra Aulian Chalik; Febriyanti, Berliana; Nova Asdi Kurnia Fitri
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.7

Abstract

The UMKM Keripik Umi is a micro-scale enterprise that produces banana chips but currently lacks a structured and systematic production planning approach. Production decisions are still based on historical demand trends, leading to inefficiencies, especially when customer demand fluctuates. This study aims to optimize production quantities, minimize total production costs, and maximize sales revenue for three product variants: original, balado (spicy), and chocolate-flavored banana chips. To achieve these objectives, the Goal Programming method is utilized due to its effectiveness in solving multi-objective optimization problems, especially when there are conflicting goals. The results of the optimization show that the ideal production quantities are 4,191 packs for the original flavor, 8,187 packs for the balado flavor, and 5,434 packs for the chocolate flavor. With this production allocation, the minimum total production cost is achieved at IDR 123,479,100, while the maximum projected annual sales revenue reaches IDR 54,640,900. These findings demonstrate that the Goal Programming method can be a valuable decision-support tool for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in managing limited resources while pursuing multiple business objectives. By implementing structured production planning using this method, MSMEs like Keripik Umi can significantly improve their operational efficiency, adapt more effectively to market dynamics, and enhance profitability in a competitive business environment
Thermal Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Temperature Increase Phenomenon in the Starboard Main Engine Mitsubishi S6R2-T2MTK3L Arham, Muhammad; Muhammad Zainuddin; Husni Mubarak; Akhsan Hamka; Syarifuddin
Cognitia : International Engineering Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.10

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the thermal performance of the starboard main engine on a tugboat, specifically a Mitsubishi type S6R2-T2MTK3L, by focusing on the phenomenon of exhaust gas temperature increase. Measurements were conducted over six days under two operational conditions: towing an empty barge and towing a fully loaded barge. The results indicate that the exhaust gas temperature was significantly high in both conditions, with a temperature difference of 40 °C at low engine speed and up to 100 °C at high speed. These findings suggest incomplete combustion, indicating the need for further improvement in the engine's combustion process. Meanwhile, fuel temperature remained relatively stable in both conditions, with a maximum difference of only 3 °C at medium and high engine speeds, suggesting that the fuel delivery system is operating safely. The analysis of specific fuel consumption (SFC) revealed inconsistent trends in relation to engine speed. The highest SFC was recorded at 600 rpm while towing a fully loaded barge, at 0.01855 l/kWh. The highest engine torque was 7523.885 Nm at medium speed, while the lowest torque was 7165.605 Nm at high speed. This study concludes that high exhaust gas temperatures serve as a primary indicator of combustion inefficiency in the starboard main engine, requiring further evaluation to maintain operational efficiency and safety of the tugboat.

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