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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 5, No. 5" : 7 Documents clear
Sprinkles: Strategi Baru Pengendalian Defisiensi Zat Besi dan Anemia pada Bayi dan Anak di Negara Berkembang Umniyati, Helwiah
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Anemia defisiensi besi pada bayi dan anak-anak merupakan masalah gizi di negara-negara berkembang termasuk di Indonesia, sementara program suplementasi dengan sirup atau tetes besi folat tidak efektif sehingga kepatuhannya rendah akibat keluhan rasa logam, pewarnaan gigi, gangguan lambung, dan potensi overdosis. Untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan suplementasi, telah dikembangkan formula micronutrient sprinkles, suatu metode baru fortifikasi zat besi yang dienkapsulasi dalam bentuk serbuk pada makanan tambahan berisi multi vitamin dan mineral. Studi kepustakaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengobatan anemia pada bayi dan anak dengan formula sprinkles. Studi ini didasarkan pada rangkaian studi efikasi di Ghana dan beberapa negara lainnya. Hasil studi membuktikan bahwa suplementasi besi dengan sprinkles mempunyai efektivitas yang sama dengan sirup atau tetes besi dalam mengobati anemia dengan tingkat kepatuhannya sangat tinggi. Di Indonesia, sprinkles besi telah banyak digunakan, termasuk untuk meningkatkan status gizi anak-anak pada saat bencana. Kementerian Kesehatan RI melalui Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Gizi Bogor telah mengembangkan sprinkles dengan nama Taburia yang telah diuji efikasi di Jakarta. Saat ini Taburia digunakan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Kalimantan Barat. Iron deficiency anemia in infants and children is one of nutritional problems in developing countries including Indonesia, where supplementation program using iron folic acid syrup or drops is not effective with low compliance due to complaint in metallic taste, teeth staining, stomach disorders, and potential overdose. To improve the supplementation compliance, micronutrient sprinkles formula, a new encapsulated iron fortification in powder form containing multivitamins and minerals has been developed. The objective of this literature study is to know the affectivity of sprinkles formula for anemia cure in infants and children. This study was based on series of efficacy in Ghana and other countries. It shows that the sprinkles formula is effective as the syrup or drop formula in curing infants and children anemia with very high level of compliance. In Indonesia, iron sprinkles have been used widely including for improving nutritional status of children during disaster. Indonesian Ministry of Health through Bogor Nutritional Agency for Research and Development has developed sprinkles formula Taburia that already tested in Jakarta. Currently, Taburia is used in Province of South Sumatra, North Sumatra, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), South Sulawesi, and West Kalimantan.
Peningkatan Peran Posyandu Partisipatif melalui Pendampingan dan Pelatihan Upaya Pemantauan Pertumbuhan dan Masalah Gizi Balita di Bone, Sulawesi Selatan Aminuddin, Aminuddin; Zulkifli, Andi; Djafar, Nurhaedar
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
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Keberadaan posyandu dalam mendukung program kesehatan, khususnya program kesehatan ibu dan anak, belum seperti yang diharapkan karena partisipasi masyarakat yang rendah dalam perencanaan, pengelolaan, dan pelaksanaan program posyandu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam program posyandu, khususnya dalam memantau pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta masalah gizi anak melalui pendampingan dan pelatihan learning organization (LO). Metode kuasi eksperimen (desain pre-post test treatment-control) digunakan untuk membandingkan posyandu yang didampingi dan dilatih dengan posyandu kontrol (yang tidak didampingi dan tidak dilatih) memakai uji Chi Square dan McNemar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendampingan dan pelatihan LO mempengaruhi posyandu, terutama terhadap kinerja kader. Namun, jumlah kader yang terdaftar di posyandu, ibu balita, dan pelayanan imunisasi tidak terpengaruh. Disimpulkan bahwa posyandu partisipatif dapat mendukung surveilans pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. The existence of posyandu (integrated health post) in supporting health program, particularly in mother and child health, has not been as expected due to low community participation in planning, managing, and implementing posyandu programs. The present research is aimed at improving community participation in posyandu programs, especially in monitoring children growth and development as well as nutrition problems through assistantship and learning organization (LO) training. A quasi experimental method (prepost test treatment-control design) was employed to compare the assisted and trained posyandu with the control (unassisted and untrained) posyandu using Chi Square and McNemar tests. The results show that assistantship and LO training influenced the posyandu, particularly to the health volunteers performance. However, the number of health volunteers listed in the posyandu, children’s mother, and immunization service were not influenced. It is concluded that participative posyandu significantly support the children growth and development surveillance.
Lingkungan Fisik dan Angka Kuman Udara Ruangan di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan Abdullah, M. Tahir; Hakim, Buraerah Abdul
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
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Udara merupakan salah satu media lingkungan tempat bakteri, virus, dan fungi hidup dan berkembang. Oleh karena mikroorganisme tersebut memerlukan berbagai persyaratan untuk tumbuh dan berkembang, faktor-faktor lingkungan fisik udara tertentu dapat berhubungan dengan angka kuman. Untuk menentukan hubungan ini, telah dilakukan studi potong lintang di ruang rawat inap pasien Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Makasar. Kualitas faktor-faktor lingkungan fisik (pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban relatif, dan kepadatan ruangan) dan angka kepadatan kuman dalam 5 ruang rawat inap (pavilion, kelas 1, kelas 2, kelas 3, dan recovery room) diukur 3 kali (pagi, siang, dan sebelum matahari terbenam) pada 3 titik pengukuran berbeda setiap ruang. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 91% angka kuman dan 71%-87% kualitas lingkungan fisik tidak memenuhi kesehatan yang dipersyaratkan oleh Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 1204/MENKES/SK/X/2004. Berdasarkan 4 faktor lingkungan fisik yang diukur, hanya kelembaban relatif yang secara langsung berhubungan dengan angka kepadatan kuman (nilai p = 0,023), meskipun korelasi liniernya sangat rendah (korelasi Pearson 0,299). Sesuai dengan tingkat korelasi ini, kontribusi semua faktor lingkungan fisik kepada angka kuman hanya 14,6% (R2 = 0,382). Apabila disesuaikan dengan populasi standar, kontribusi ini hanya 6%. Air is an environmental medium where microbe such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi can live and may infect exposed people. As the microbes require appropriate condition to live and grow, particular physical environment of air may associate with microbial density rate. To determine this association, a cross-sectional study has been conducted in in-patient wards of Makassar Public Hospital of Hajj. Quality of physical environment factors (lighting, temperature, relative humidity, and room density) and microbial density rate of indoor air in five in-patient wards (pavilion, class 1, class 2, class 3, and recovery room) were measured three times (morning, afternoon, and before sunset) at three different sampling sites of each room. The results show that more than 91% microbe rate and 71%-87% quality of physical environmental factors do not comply with the health requirements as regulated in the Ministry of Health Decision of 1204/MENKES/ SK/X/2004. Of four physical environmental factors quantified, only relative humidity is associated directly with the microbe rate (p = 0,023), although its linear correlation is very low (Pearson correlation 0,299). Correspondingly, contribution of all physical environmental factors to the microbe rate is only 6% (R2 = 0,382). Adjusted to the population standard, this contribution is only 6%.
Profil Lipid, Peroksidasi Lipid, dan Status Inflamatif Wanita Penderita Sindrom Metabolik Winarsi, Hery; Wijayanti, Siwi P.M.; Purwanto, Agus
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
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Prevalensi sindrom metabolik (SM) di Indonesia (13,13%) tergolong tinggi dengan kecenderungan terus meningkat. Salah satu akibat SM adalah disfungsi endotel, sebagai awal penyakit kardiovaskuler yang diinduksi oleh stres oksidatif dan inflamatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi profil lipid, peroksidasi lipid, dan marker inflamasi pada wanita penderita SM di Purwokerto. Sebanyak 30 wanita dengan kadar gula darah di atas normal, obesitas body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2, dan berusia 40-65 tahun dilibatkan sebagai responden yang dipilih melalui survei di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Margono Soekarjo. Kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, malondialdehid, dan plasma C-reactive protein ditentukan dalam darah responden yang mempunyai kadar gula sewaktu > 200 mg/dL. Ditemukan bahwa wanita dengan SM rata-rata berumur 50,4 tahun; BMI 31,89 kg/m2; kadar gula darah 219,4 mg/dL; kolesterol total 216,73 mg/dL; trigliserida 218,13 mg/dL; HDL 46,59 mg/dL; LDL 146,27 mg/dL; MDA 2943,4 pmol/mL; C-RP 7,62 mg/L; dan tekanan darah 153/103 mmHg. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penderita SM mengalami dislipidemia disertai dengan status antioksidan rendah dan inflamasi. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Indonesia (13,13%) is high and tends to increase. One of the consequences of MS is endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease which is inducted by oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the present research is to explore lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory marker level on metabolic syndrome women in Purwokerto. Thirty women with blood glucose level greater than normal, body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2, 40-65 years of age were recruited as respondent through selection by a survey in Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Margono Soekarjo Hospital in Purwokerto. In respondents with blood glucose level > 200 mg/dL, total blood cholesterol level, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, malondialdehid, and plasma C-reactive protein were determined. It was found that the MS women were 50,4 years of age; BMI 31,89 kg/m2; blood glucose 219,4 mg/dL; total cholesterol 216,73 mg/dL; triglyceride 218,13 mg/dL; HDL 46,59 mg/dL; LDL 146,27 mg/dL; MDA 2943,4 pmol/mL; C-RP 7,62 mg/L; and blood pressure 153/103 mmHg. It indicates that SM women experience dyslipidemia with low antioxidant and inflammation.
Program Keluarga Harapan dan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Preventif Hidayat, Budi; Tuhiman, Hendratno; Prawiradinata, Rudy; Sumadi, Pungky
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
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Program keluarga harapan (PKH) yang berbasis bantuan tunai bersyarat (conditional cash transfers, CCT) di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan telah diluncurkan Pemerintah Indonesia sejak Juli 2007 di 348 kecamatan dari 48 kabupaten/kota di 7 provinsi, namun dampaknya dalam mengurangi angka kemiskinan dan meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia warga miskin belum pernah dievaluasi. Studi ini mengevaluasi dampak awal PKH terhadap penggunaan layanan kesehatan preventif. Evaluasi ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen, intervensi program PKH berbasis rumah tangga dengan pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol yang sebelumnya dipilih acak pada tingkat kecamatan. Data diperoleh dari survei dasar CCT tahun 2007 dan survei lanjutan PKH tahun 2008 yang dikumpulkan di 6 provinsi. Hasil estimasi metode double-difference menunjukkan dampak program intervensi PKH pada kenaikan sejumlah indikator pelayanan kesehatan preventif seperti kunjungan posyandu, pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak, dan imunisasi. Temuan ini penting sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan untuk melanjutkan program. Namun karena evaluasi awal ini memiliki sejumlah keterbatasan, hasil studi ini harus ditafsirkan hati-hati dan divalidasi lebih lanjut dengan data survei PKH tahun 2009 menggunakan berbagai metode analisis. Family hope program (PKH), a conditional cash transfers (CCT)-based program in education and health, has been launched by the Government of Indonesia since 2007 in 348 sub-districts of 48 regencies/cities in 7 provinces, but its impact on the reduction of poverty and improvement of poor human resources has not been evaluated. This study valuates initial impact of the PKH on the utilization of preventive healthcare services. This evaluation applies experimental design, a household-based intervention program with measurements prior to and after-intervention in both treatment and control groups that previously were chosen randomly at the sub-district level. The data were obtained from CCT baseline surveys 2007 and PKH follow-up survey 2008 in 6 provinces. Double-difference estimates show the impact of PKH on the increase of preventive health care services indicators such as visit to posyandu, child growth monitoring, and immunization. These findings are important for decision making to continue the program. However, as this initial evaluation has a number of limitations, this study should be interpreted with caution and be validated further by PKH survey 2009 data using different methods of analysis.
Pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru terhadap Respons Fisiologis Bayi Prematur Deswita, Deswita; Besral, Besral; Rustina, Yeni
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
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Saat ini, perawatan metode kanguru mulai dianjurkan bagi bayi prematur karena kelahiran prematur dan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian bayi terbesar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perawatan metode kanguru terhadap respons fisiologis bayi prematur. Desain quasi experiment one group pre and post-test dilakukan di 2 rumah sakit di Jakarta. Sebanyak 16 bayi prematur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dipilih sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna dari perawatan metode kanguru terhadap respons fisiologis bayi prematur seperti peningkatan suhu tubuh ke arah suhu normal (p value = 0,000), peningkatan frekuensi denyut jantung ke arah normal (p value = 0,003), dan peningkatan saturasi oksigen ke arah normal (p value = 0,023). Oleh karena itu, metode perawatan kanguru merupakan cara yang efektif, mudah, dan murah untuk merawat bayi prematur. As premature birth and low birth weight are the main cause of neonatal mortality, kangaroo mother care is now suggested to care premature infants. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of kangaroo mother care on physiological response of preterm infants. A quasi experiment design with one group pre and post test design was conducted in two hospitals in Jakarta. Sixteen preterm infants matching the inclusive criteria were selected as sample. The study found significant effect of kangaroo mother care intervention on physiological response of preterm infants, i.e. increasing body temperature to normal (p value = 0,000), increasing heart rate to normal (p value = 0,003), and increasing oxygen saturation (p value = 0,023). Therefore, the kangaroo mother care is therefore an effective, simple, and cheap method to care the preterm infants.
Tuberkulosis Paru di Palembang, Sumatera Selatan Versitaria, Hery Unita; Kusnoputranto, Haryoto
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 5
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Indonesia tercatat memiliki 304.787 penderita tuberkulosis yang menempatkannya pada peringkat ketiga terbanyak di dunia. Penyakit tuberkulosis merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 3 setelah penyakit kardiovaskuler dan penyakit saluran pernafasan pada semua kelompok usia serta nomor 1 dari golongan penyakit infeksi. Angka kepadatan hunian rumah di Kota Palembang 5,84 lebih tinggi daripada angka ideal kepadatan hunian rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara sumber penular serumah, faktor lingkungan dalam rumah, dan karakteristik individu terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru basil tahan asam (BTA) (+) di Kota Palembang. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain kasus kontrol ini membandingkan kelompok kasus (BTA(+)) dan kelompok kontrol (BTA (-)) yang dilakukan di 16 wilayah kerja puskesmas dari 36 puskesmas yang ada di Kota Palembang. Model akhir diketahui bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit tuberkulosis paru BTA (+) adalah variabel status gizi. Seseorang yang bermukim di rumah dengan hunian kamar memiliki tingkat kepadatan tinggi (< 4 meter/orang), jenis kelamin laki laki, dan status gizi yang buruk (indeks massa tubuh, IMT > 25,1 dan < 18,4) berisiko untuk menderita penyakit tuberkulosis paru BTA(+) 29 kali lebih besar dibanding orang yang tidak mempunyai faktor risiko tersebut. Indonesia there were recorded 304.787 cases of tuberculosis that places at the third level in the world. Tuberculosis is the third level disease which caused of death after cardiovasculer and respiratori tract disease in all age groups and at the first level from all infectious disease. The residence density rate in Palembang is higher 5,84 times than ideal rate. The objective of this study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between the source of infection in house, the environment in the house, and the individual characteristic with the occurrence of lung tuberculosis BTA (+) in Palembang City. The design of this study is case control comparing case group of tuberculosis (BTA (+)) and case of control group of BTA. This study was conducted in 16 work areas of 36 health centers in Palembang. In multivariat model, it is known that the closest relationship with the occurrence of tuberculosis is nutritional status. A person who lives with high density of residence (< 4 meter/ man), male, and bad status of nutrition (body mass index, BMI > 25,1 and < 18,4) has higher risk for having tuberculosis 29 times than who has not the risk factor.

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