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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Bancroftian Filariasis Transmission Parameters after the Fifth Year of Filiariasis Mass Drug Administration in Pekalongan City Rosanti, Tutik Ida; Mardihusodo, Sugeng Juwono; Artama, Wayan
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur parameter parasitologi (microfilaria rate, kepadatan mikrofilaria), parameter imunologi (antigen prevalence) dan parameter entomologi (infection rate dan infective rate) pada tahun kelima pelaksanaan mass drug administration di Kelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2015 di Kelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan. Microfilaria rate dan kepadatan mikrofilaria ditentukan dengan pemeriksaan darah jari pada 313 responden. Antigen prevalence ditentukan dengan mengukur antigen beredar menggunakan metode immunochromatographic test (ICT) Wuchereria bancrofti. Incective rate dan infection rate diukur dengan cara menemukan larva cacing filaria pada nyamuk hasil penangkapan nyamuk umpan orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mf rate sebesar 0,32% dengan kepadatan mikrofilaria 167/mL darah, antigen prevalence pada hasil 0%, infection rate sebesar 0,06% dan infective rate sebesar 0%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasca tahun kelima pengobatan massal filariasis di Kelurahan Pabean, Kota Pekalongan tidak lagi menjadi wilayah endemis filariasis dan parameter-parameter transmisi tidak berpotensi menimbulkan penularan. This study aimed to measure parasitology parameters (microfilariae rate, microfilariae density), immunology parameter (antigen prevalence), and entomology parameters (infection rate and infective rate) after the fifth year of mass treatment at Pabean Village, Pekalongan City. This study was an observational study with cross-sectional approach that was conducted in July to August 2015 in Pabean Subdistrict, Pekalongan City. The microfilaria rate and microfilariae density were determined by finger blood survey of 313 respondents. Meanwhile, the antigen prevalence was determined by calculating the circulating antigen using the immunochromatographic test (ICT) Wuchereria bancrofti method. Finally, the infective rate and infection rate were both explicitly defined by detecting filarial worm larvae in the mosquitoes of man biting mosquitos collection. The results showed that the mf rate was 0.32% with average microfilariae density of 167/mL blood, the antigen prevalence of the calculation was 0%, the infection rate was 0.06% and the infective rate was 0%. In conclusion, after the fifth year of mass treatment in Pabean Area, Pekalongan City, the area is no longer included into the filariasis-endemic areas and the transmission parameters has no potential in causing the filariasis spreading.
Influence of Scaling Up Nutrition Education towards Knowledge and Attitude of Students at Santa Elisabeth Medan School of Health Sciences Silalahi, Rani Gartika Holivia; Tambunan, Yesschi Anggraeni
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Tingginya angka pernikahan pada usia remaja yang disertai dengan rendahnya pengetahuan tentang pola asuh merupakan salah satu pemicu terjadinya masalah gizi. Remaja merupakan orang tua masa depan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan 1.000 hari pertama kehidupan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Santa Elisabeth Medan tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimental dengan desain one group pre- dan post test. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 115 mahasiswi tingkat III program studi Diploma III Kebidanan. Pendidikan dilakukan di kelas sebanyak 4 kali dalam 2 minggu dengan menggunakan metode mengajar dan diskusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan media visual (slides) dan modul. Pengaruh pendidikan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap dianalisis dengan uji paired sample t-test (nilai p=0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1,7% mahasiswi memiliki pengetahuan baik dan 45,2% sikap tidak mendukung. Setelah Pendidikan kesehatan, terdapat 85,2% mahasiswi memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan 100% mahasiswa memiliki sikap yang mendukung. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswi setelah diberikan pendidikan 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Marriage at young age and lack of knowledge in parenting are among the causes of nutrition problem. The students in Santa Elisabeth Medan School of Health Sciences were found less knowledgable about it. This study aimed to analyze the influence of Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) education towards knowledge and attitude of students at Santa Elisabeth Medan School of Health Sciences 2016. This study was quasi experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design. The population was students of the Santa Elisabeth Medan School of Health Sciences. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method, which consisted of 115 students at third level of Diploma III in Midwifery. Education class was conducted four times within two weeks by using lecture and discussion methods. This study used visual media (slides) and module. The influence of education towards students’ knowledge and attitude was analyzed by paired sample t-test (p value=0.05). The results showed that only 1.7% students had high knowledge and 45.2% students had unfavorable attitudes. After nutrition education, there were 85.2% students who had high knowledge and 100% students had favorable attitudes. In conclusion, there are significant differences between students’ knowledge and attitude after SUN education given.
Provision of Informed Consent towards the Level of Anxiety in Pre-operative Patients at Mamuju District Public Hospital Appulembang, Imelda
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Abstract

Tindakan pembedahan merupakan salah satu tindakan medis yang dapat mendatangkan stressor sehingga menimbulkan kecemasan pada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informed consent terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada pasien pra-operasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Mamuju. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien pra-operasi. Sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan accidental sampling sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 32 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode quasi experimental design melalui pendekatan non-equivalent time sample design yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian informed consent terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien. Dapat disimpulkan pemberian informed consent dapat menurunkan kecemasan pasien pra-operasi di RSUD Kabupaten Mamuju. Surgery is one of medical procedures that can be a stressor causing anxiety in patient. In Mamuju district hospital, informed consent is considered as medical procedure.This study was aimed to determine the influence of informed consent provision towards the level of anxiety in pre-operative patients at Mamuju District Public Hospital. The population in this study was pre-operative patients. Accidental sampling approach was applied to obtain a total of 32 samples. This quantitative study used quasi experimental design with a non-equivalent time sample design which was analysed using the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results showed that there was the effect of provision of informed consent on the level of anxiety in pre-operative patients at Mamuju District Public Hospital. Informed consent can reduce anxiety in pre-operative patient at Mamuju District Public Hospital.
The Profile and Determinant Factors of Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim; Adnyana, Kadek Sinthia Grahita; Zalukhu, Marta Lisnawati
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Abstract

Neuropati merupakan salah satu komplikasi tersering pada diabetes melitus (DM). Neuropati dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup, derajat kesehatan, maupun tingkat ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan neuropati beserta dampak yang ditimbulkannya terlebih dahulu agar mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat demi meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan neuropati. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional menggunakan Short Form 8 (SF-8) Health Survey Standard Indonesia terhadap pasien diabetes melitus dengan neuropati yang diambil secara konsekutif pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2016 di Poli Saraf Rumah Sakit Bethesda, Yogyakarta. Terdapat 57 subjek yang dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 52,6 % di antaranya adalah perempuan dengan rerata usia 57,3 ±5,85 tahun. Skor kualitas hidup pasien neuropati DM yang paling rendah terdapat pada kategori kesehatan umum (45,26%) disusul nyeri pada tubuh (57,19%), vitalitas atau energi (69,12%), fungsi fisik (69,82%), fungsi sosial (74,03%), kesehatan mental (78,59%), kemampuan peran dengan masalah kesehatan fisik (80,70%), dan kemampuan peran dengan masalah emosi (81,05%). Jenis kelamin dan usia tidak berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan neuropati. Neuropathy is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Neuropathy has contributed to some impacts of quality of life (QOL), general health status, and socio-economy level. Therefore, it is important to understand more about this issue, so appropriate treatment could be taken to improve QOL of patients with diabetic neuropathy. This study aimed to measure the profile of a patient’s life quality in DM with neuropathy. This study was a observational study using Short Form 8 (SF-8) Health Survey Standard Indonesia to measure the QOL in patients with diabetic neuropathy that were treated consecutively from March to August 2016 in the Department of Neurology in Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. Fifty seven patients with diabetic neuropathy were enrolled as subjects in this study. Most of them were women (52,6%). The mean age of subjects was 57.3 ± 5.85 years. The lowest QOL score in patients with diabetic neuropathy were observed in general health perceptions category (45.26%), followed by bodily pain (57.19%), vitality or energy (69.12%), physical functioning (69.82%), social role functioning (74.03%), mental health (78.59%), physical role functioning (80.70%), and emotional role functioning (81.05%). Patients with diabetic neuropathy have poor QOL. Sex and age were not significantly related to the QOL in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Effects of Contraceptive Use on Productivity of Women Labor at PT. Bomar Makassar Industrial Area Mappajanci, Masni; Misnawati, Andi; Darmawansyah, Darmawansyah
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Abstract

Produktivitas kerja potensial pada kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Penggunaan kontrasepsi dapat memengaruhi fisiologi setiap perempuan, sehingga dapat memengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari dan akan berdampak terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan alat kontrasepsi terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja perempuan dengan mengontrol usia, pendidikan dan motivasi kerja. Penelitian dengan rancangan potong lintang melibatkan 71 pekerja perempuan PT Bomar Makassar yang telah menikah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2015, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan alat kontrasepsi terhadap produktivitas kerja setelah dikontrol dengan variabel usia (nilai p = 0,011), pendidikan (nilai p = 0,022) dan motivasi kerja (nilai p = 0,028). Tanpa dikontrol dengan variabel tersebut, juga terdapat hasil yang signifikan yang menunjukkan dampak penggunaan alat kontrasepsi terhadap produktivitas kerja(nilai p < 0,05). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua variabel yang konsisten memberikan pengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja yaitu motivasi kerja (nilai p = 0,010) dan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi (nilai p = 0,010). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan alat kontrasepsi terhadap produktivitas kerja. Work productivity is potential on the survival of a company. The use of contraceptives may affect the physiology of every woman, so it can affect daily activities and resulted in labor productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the contraceptive use effect on labor woman productivity by controlling with age, education and work motivation. Study with cross sectional design involved 71 married women workers of PT. Bomar Makassar who had got married. Data were found by interview using questionnaire on May to June 2015, then analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results of the study indicate that, there was an effect of contraceptive use on woman labor productivity after controlling for variables as age (p value = 0.011), education (p value = 0.022) and work motivation (p value = 0.028).Withouth being controlled by those variables, a significant result showing an effect of contraceptive use on work productivity was also found (p value < 0.05). The results of multivariable analysis indicate that there were two variables which consistenly affected the productivity, namely work motivation (p value = 0.010) and contraceptive use (p value = 0.010). In conclusion, there is an effect of contraceptive use on woman labor productivity.
Increasing Use of Research Findings in Improving Evidence-Based Health Policy at the National Level Budiharsana, Meiwita
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 2
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In February 2016, the Minister of Health decided to increase the use of research findings in improving the quality of the national health policy and planning. The Ministry of Health has instructed the National Institute of Health Research and Development or NIHRD to play a stronger role of monitoring and evaluating all health programs, because “their opinion and research findings should be the basis for changes in national health policies and planning”. Compared to the past, the Ministry of Health has increased the research budget for evidence-based research tremendously. However, there is a gap between the information needs of program and policy-makers and the information offered by researchers. A close dialogue is needed between the users (program managers, policy makers and planners) and the suppliers (researchers and evaluators) to ensure that the evidence-based supplied by research is useful for programs, planning and health policy.
The Change in Mental Health Status of Indonesian Health Care Migrant Worker in Japan Nugraha, Susiana; Hirano, Yuko; Sumihisha, Honda
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 2
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Under the Japan – Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement, more than 1,000 of Indonesian health care workers have migrated to Japan. Social adjustment during the process of migration is linked to mental health changes. This study aimed to figure out the strongest predictor that influences the change in mental health status as a result of migration. Baseline data were collected in Jakarta in 2013 during pre-departure orientation. Follow-up study was conducted one year after the study participants migrated to Japan in 2014. Using longitudinal design, this study employed 92 participants consisting of nurse and certified care worker candidates. The multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to figure out the predictors that influence the change in mental health status. The prediction model expected to explain 39.9% of the change in mental health status, p value < 0.01, while sex (b = 0.201, p value < 0.05), economic conditions in pre-migration (b = -0.200, p value < 0.05), and the socio cultural adaptation competency (b = -0.238, p value < 0.05). This finding assumed that female candidates and those who have economic constraint in pre-migration stage, and those who have declining in socio-cultural adaptation competency tend to have lower mental health one year after the migration.
Husband’s Education Level and Alcohol Drinking Habit as Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Housewives in Pati District Aeni, Nurul; Westendorp, Annemarie
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 2
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Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in Pati District increase, particularly among housewives. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors of HIV infection among housewives in Pati District using case-control study design. The respondents were 90 housewives divided into case and control group. The case group consisted of 30 housewives living with HIV, while the control group comprised 60 housewives living in the similar area of the counterparts. The data collection was focused on demographic, sexual behaviour, and sociocultural variables possessed by housewives and their husbands. The study resulted that the risk factors of HIV infection among housewives based on bivariate analysis were housewife’s level of education, husband’s level of education, husband’s occupation, housewife’s sexual transmission disease (STD) record, husband’s STD record, husband’s participation in religious activities, and husband’s alcohol drinking habit. The risk factors that fitted to logistic regression model were education level and alcoholic behaviour of husbands that contributed to 29.1% HIV infection among housewives. In conclusion, the husband’s variables are proved having stronger and very significant correlation with HIV infection among housewives than housewife’s variables.
Implementation of Cigarette Excise Policy against Cigarette Consumption Reduction among Adolescent in Kuningan, Indonesia Ramjani, Jani; Rahim, Fitri Kurnia; Amalia, Icca Stella; Putra, Wahyu Manggala
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 2
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Indonesia has the highest prevalence of smoking (50.68%) compared to other ASEAN countries. On January 1st, 2017, the Indonesian government raised cigarette excise taxes. The purpose of this study was to analysis the impact of cigarette excise increase on cigarette consumption among adolescents aged 17 to 25 years. The study design used cross-sectional survey. A total of 153 adolescents were recruited in this study through simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires and observation papers were used in this study. A face-to-face interview was conducted to fulfill the data collection through home visit for each respondent. The data were obtained during May – June 2017. This study used paired t test analysis. The number of cigarettes consumed by adolescent decreased significantly by two cigarettes per day after the increase in cigarette excise tax. There is a significant difference of the average cigarettes price based on the brand after the implementation of cigarette excise tax increase, the difference of cigarette price is IDR 200 per stick of cigarettes after excise tax increase. Increased cigarette excise taxes may affect the increasing of cigarette prices. Threfore, it could reduce the number of cigarette consumption.
Effect of Health Education on Community Participation to Eradicate Aedes aegypti-Breeding Sites in Buahbatu and Cinambo Districts, Bandung Elsa, Zahratul; Sumardi, Uun; Faridah, Lia
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 2
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Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a major public health problem in many regions in Indonesia including Bandung City. Community participation in implementing Eradication of Mosquito-Breeding Sites is still needed as it is considered the most effective method in controlling the dengue fever. This study aimed to determine the influence of health education towards community participation to eradicate mosquito-breeding sites, which was measured by knowledge level and larva index conducted in Bandung, specifically in two different locations with the highest and the lowest incidence rates of DHF. This study used quasi-experimental method. Samples were 100 people living in Cijawura and Cisaranten Wetan Subdistricts taken by using purposive sampling technique. Pre-test results showed that knowledge level of respondents in both subdistricts was significantly increasing (p value = 0.000) after health education was given. Container index (CI) and House index (HI) values in Cijawura Subdistrict were 13.2% and 26.7% respectively, then 9.6% and 28.4% respectively in Cisaranten Wetan Subdistrict. After the health education, CI value in Cijawura and Cisaranten Wetan Subdistricts significantly decreased (p value < 0.05), but HI value did not (p value > 0.05).

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