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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Post Hypertension and Stroke: A Case Control Study Imanda, Aulia; Martini, Santi; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stroke including smoking status, past hypertension , past diabetes, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption. The design of this study is case control with a ratio of 1: 1. The total number of respondents is 132 people. Research subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. This research was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital in Wlingi. Blitar, Indonesia in October till November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p=0.011, OR=2.6), history of past hypertension (p=0.00, OR= 6), past diabetes (p=0.015 ; OR=5,7), and unhealthy diet (p= 0,00; OR = 5,7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors that significantly influence stroke are smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet. Conclusion of this study was smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet are factors that influence the incidence of stroke. Maintaining normal blood pressure, maintaining a diet, and not smoking are precautions should be taken in order to prevent stroke.
Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Need for Physical Activity Programming: A Qualitative Study at a Yogyakarta Hospital Clini Arovah, Novita Intan; Kushartanti, Bernadeta Wara; Washington, Tracy L; Heesch, Kristiann C
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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Physical activity programs offered in Indonesian hospitals are often inadequate to help type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients meet international physical activity recommendations. This study aimed to identify T2D patients’ physical activity enablers and barriers, their preferences for, and experiences with, physical activity programming, with a view to developing future programs that are suited to these patients’ needs and preferences. Four focus groups were conducted with 28 patients (50% female) of the T2D clinic at the Local General Hospital of Yogyakarta. Discussions were thematically analysed in NVivo 10. The most reported types of physical activity were walking and participation in the hospital-based exercise program. Participants were motivated to be physically active for the health benefits and for social interactions. The main barriers to physical activity were a lack of enjoyment, the absence of knowledge about appropriate activities for T2D patients, and a shortage of time due to social and family obligations. Based on study participants’ preferences, future physical activity programs need to include educational components, regular clinical evaluations, consultations with health educators, and efforts to increase the reach of the programs. This study provides practical suggestions for physical activity programming that meet the needs of T2D patients in Indonesia.
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and House Conditions in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province Wanti, Wanti; Yudhastuti, Ririh; Notobroto, Hari Basuki; Subekti, Sri; Sila, Oktofianus; Kristina, Ragu Harming; Dwirahmadi, Feby
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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Kupang City has the highest Incidence of DHF in East Nusa Tenggara and also higher than the national figure. This study aims to analyze the relationship between housing conditions and the DHF incidence in the Kupang City. This observational study uses a case-control study in 25 villages with a total sample of 500 people. Data is analyzed using t test and chi square test. The house conditions were significantly related to the DHF incidence (p≤0.05), namely house lighting, water usage, wall construction, ventilation area and ownership of clean water facilities. People are advised to ventilate the house ≥10% of the floor area and often open the house ventilation as a place for air exchange and for entering the light into the house. Construction of the wall is expected to be repaired to be more permanent or close the open part so not as a mosquitoes path into the house. The government is advised to increase access to clean water for the community and promote to always clean water reservoirs and not hold water for a long time.
Risk Factor Analysis of Overnutrition Among Elementary School Children in Pekanbaru: An Urban-rural Perspective Arfianti, Arfianti
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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The prevalence of childhood overnutrition is increasing in many parts of the world including Indonesia. National basic health research (RISKESDAS) 2010 showed that over-nutrition in urban children (10.4%) was greater than in rural areas (8.1%). The purpose of this study was to analyse risk factors for overnutrition on elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This was an observasional analytical study with cross-sectional design. This study involved 137 urban and 113 rural students from six elementary schools in Pekanbaru recruited by quota sampling technique. This study was conducted between April-May 2018. The results showed that the proportions of overweight and obesity in urban Pekanbaru were 16.1% and 16.8% respectively, while in rural areas were 12.4% and 9.7%, respectively. Furthermore, outdoor activity and snacking habit were significant contributors of childhood overnutrition in urban area whereas frequency of main meal was associated with childhood overnutrition in rural area. In conclusion, there was no difference in the incidence of overnutrition among elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This study indicated that obesity risk factors may be different between urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru.
Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of “Zika like Virus” in Aedes aegypti Mosquito in Jambi City Satoto, Tri Baskoro; Pasca Wati, Nur Alvira; Purwaningsih, Wida; Josef, Hari Kusnanto; Purwono, Purwono; Rumbiwati, Rumbiwati; Hermanto, Hermanto; Frutos, Roger
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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Abstract

Zika virus can be transmitted through mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. During the transition period of 2014–2015, an outbreak of dengue was reported in Jambi City, during which several sufferers were screened positive for Zika virus infection by the Eijkman Institute. It was interesting to note that all of those positive for Zika virus infection were indigenous residents and none of them had a history of international travel. This descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional design study was conducted to present an overview of Aedes spp. population using ovitrap and egg colonization methods and to detect the presence of Zika virus. Samples were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of Zika “like” virus and the mapping results were described. The Ovitrap Index was 44.74%, and examination of egg colonization collected from 40 neighborhoods revealed the presence of Zika “like” virus in samples obtained from the fourth neighborhood in Talang Bakung village. This result indicates the occurrence of natural vertical transmission of Zika “like” virus in A. aegypti mosquito in Jambi City, which potentially resulted in an outbreak.
Factors Related to Adolescent Behavior towards HIV/AIDS Prevention Purnamaningrum, Yuliasti Eka; Nugrahawati, Ratyas Ekartika Puspita Candra; Hernayanti, Munica Rita; Vajee, Anne
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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In 2016 Special Region of Yogyakarta was ranked 9th as the province with the highest number of people suffered from HIV/AIDS especially at Sleman regency. Globally, AIDS was the second leading cause of adolescents’s death aged of 10-19 years. The purpose of this study was to find out factors affecting the behaviour of the adolescents towards HIV/AIDS prevention. This research using with cross sectional study design. The sampling technique which used was stratified random sampling resulted in 59 respondents from 11th grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Sleman were selected as sample. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression. The result showed that most respondents 66,1% had sufficient knowledge. Students who showed supportive attitude was 54,2%. Information obtained were mostly from electronic media. Thirty one students (52,5%) showed a positive behaviour toward HIV/AIDS prevention. Chi-Square test’s result showed that factors significantly related to adolescent’s behaviour toward HIV/AIDS prevention were knowledge and attitude. Variables most affecting was attitude (p-value=0,008; PR=4,4; 95% CI=1,4-13,1).
Risk Assesment of Air Pollution Exposure (NO2, SO2, Total Suspended Particulate, and Particulate Matter 10 micron) and Smoking Habits on the Lung Function of Bus Drivers in Palembang City Sunarsih, Elvi; Suheryanto, Suheryanto; Mutahar, Rini; Garmini, Rahmi
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM10) and TSP are the most common and harmful air pollutants to humans. In short period, air pollution exposure at 5 ppm for 10 minutes to humans causes dyspnea, and when the level is increase to 800 ppm could cause 100% mortality in animals. This study was an analytical research, with cross sectional design and risk analysis. One hundred subjects were analyzed in this study. The results showed that non-cancer Hazard Index (HI) for realtime exposure with mean value was NO2: 1.85; SO2: 2.92; TSP: 7.09; and PM10: 11.7 (HI value ≥1). The results of the analysis test for FVC lung capacity to non-cancer risk estimation of NO2, SO2, TSP and PM10 indicated that there was no significant relationship (p > 0,05). Variable of smoking habit is the most dominant variable (OR = 12,542) which affect respiratory disorders. The exposure of NO2, SO2, TSP and PM10 in Palembang City bus drivers is considered risky to non-cancer health subjects, so control is needed. This control could be performed by lowering the level of inhalation intake (I) of the RfC and the first simulation model for exposure could start from the second year to the sixth year.
Level of Exposure of Childhood Tuberculosis with Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis Household Contacts Asyary, Al; Eryando, Tris; Purwantyastuti, Purwantyastuti; Junadi, Purnawan; Clark, Carol; Teijlingen, Edwin van
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Tuberkulosis paru (TB) pada anak kian menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang masih terlupakan seiring dengan peningkatan proporsi TB di Indonesia. Penularan penyakit ini di populasi umum seringkali berdampak pada anak, terlebih ketika kontak TB terjadi di rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh faktor protektif sehingga anak tetap sehat meskipun memiliki kontak dengan penderita TB dewasa serumah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol pada 132 responden anak yang berasal dari delapan rumah sakit rujukan dan beberapa puskesmas di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dalam periode Januari hingga Desember 2014 yang hasilnya dianalisis dengan uji bivariat (kai kuadrat) dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan, yakni ruang tidur yang sehat, serta paparan yang jarang diterima dari penderita TB dewasa mampu memproteksi anak agar tetap sehat meskipun tinggal serumah dengan penderita dewasa penyakit ini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa lama tinggal bersama bukanlah faktor risiko penyakit TB pada anak.Hal ini karena meskipun lama tinggal bersama antara penderita TB dewasa dengan anak, namun apabila memiliki paparan yang jarang, hal ini pun tidak signifikan menjadikan anak untuk terkena TB. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children is a neglected global health problem, with an increasing proportion of TB cases in Indonesia. Children with TB are most often impacted by TB transmission in the population at large, especially adult TB that exists in the child’s household. This study aimed to find protective factors that can keep children healthy despite household adult TB contacts. This study reports on 132 respondents with a case-control study conducted at nine referred hospitals and several health centers based on medical records at Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The study lasted from January to December 2014, while the data analysis was used by both of bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analysis. The study found that healthy houses, especially those with healthy bedrooms and fewer exposures to adult TB sufferer, influenced by confounder variables, protected children from TB even though they were exposed to adult TB in their environment. Longer periods of living together is not a risk factor for children to contract TB when living with adult TB patients at home. However, this risk increases with frequent exposure among children to adult TB patients at home.
Influence of Quality of Work Life towards Psychological Well-Being and Turnover Intention of Nurses and Midwives in Hospital Hardjanti, Indra Wahju; Dewanto, Aryo; Noermijati, Noermijati
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Selama ini perawat telah dilatih untuk memberikan perawatan pasien dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien, namun kualitas kehidupan kerja dan psychological well-being mereka sendiri terabaikan. Rendahnya kualitas kehidupan kerja perawat di rumah sakit menyebabkan tingginya keinginan pindah kerja perawat. Tingginya angka keinginan pindah kerja perawat dan bidan di Rumah Sakit X Malang merupakan masalah yang memerlukan perhatian dari manajemen rumah sakit agar tidak menjadi menyebabkan rendahnya mutu pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja, psychological well-being, dan keinginan pindah kerja perawat dan bidan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas kehidupan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap psychological well-being perawat, kualitas kehidupan kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap keinginan pindah kerja, psychological well-being tidak berpengaruh terhadap keinginan pindah kerja, sehingga psychological well-being tidak memediasi pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja terhadap keinginan pindah kerja. Kualitas kehidupan kerja berpengaruh pada psychological well-being dan keinginan pindah kerja, sehingga peningkatan kualitas kehidupan kerja akan mengurangi keinginan pindah kerja dan meningkatkan psychological well-being. Nurses have been trained to provide patient care and improve patients’ quality of life, but their own quality of work life and psychological well-being are often disregarded. Nurses’ low quality of work life in hospital leads to nurses’ high turnover. The high rate of nurses’ and midwives’ turnover in hospital X Malang is an issue that requires hospital management attention to prevent low quality of health services in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine relation between quality of work life, psychological well-being and turnover intention of nurses and midwives in the hospital. This study used quantitative correlation design with cross-sectional approach, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Square. The results showed that the quality of work life positively and significantly affected the psychological well-being of nurses, quality of work life significantly and negatively affected turnover intention, while psychological well-being did not affect the turnover intention, so the psychological well-being did not mediate the effect of quality of work life on turnover intention. Quality of work life influences both psychological well-being and turnover intention, so the improvement quality of work life will reduce turnover intention and inhance the psychological well-being.
Risk Differences between Elderly Men and Women toward Doctor-Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Areas in Indonesia: 2013 National Basic Health Research Data Budiharsana, Meiwita
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 1
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Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang paling umum di Indonesia. DM disebabkan berbagai faktor risiko. Peningkatan prevalensi DM salah satunya disebabkan oleh perubahan gaya hidup di perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan prevalensi DM yang didiagnosis dokter pada laki-laki dan perempuan usia 15 tahun keatas yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan di Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan desain studi potong lintang. Total sampel sebanyak 333.731 responden. Metode analisis menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa DM yang didiagnosis dokter pada laki-laki dan perempuan usia 15-39 tahun di perkotaan tidak berbeda. Meski demikan, memasuki kurun usia 50-64 tahun, responden perempuan menunjukkan risiko terdiagnosis DM 30 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan berusia 15-39 tahun, sementara laki-laki berusia 50-64 tahun berisiko 21 kali lebih tinggi dari laki-laki berusia 15-39 tahun (nilai p < 0,001). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perempuan dan laki-laki berusia lanjut jauh lebih berisiko didiagnosa DM dibandingkan berusia lebih muda. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Indonesia. Reportedly that DM is associated with various risk factors. Notably, it seems that the rising prevalence rates reflect changes in urban lifestyle. This study aimed to examine risk differences in the prevalence of DM among men and women aged 15 years and older that lived in urban areas in Indonesia. Analysis used secondary data of 2013 National Basic Health Research, which applied a cross-sectional study design. The total of sample was 333,731 respondents. Data processing and analysis used multiple logistic regression method. In general, findings showed that doctor-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DDDM) among urban men and women aged 15-39 years did not differ. However, the odds ratio of DDDM among older women aged 50-64 years was 30 times higher than women aged 15-39 years, while among the same age men was 21 times higher than younger men aged 15-39 years (p value < 0.001). In conclusion, entering the age of 50 years, women show a much higher risk of contracting DDDM than women with younger age, also much higher than older men towards younger men.

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